越南林业局代表团到我区访问

2006年10月30日，以越南农业与农村发展部林业局副局长阮友勇为团长的濒危物种管理官员代表团一行4人到我区访问。越南濒危物种管理官员代表团是应国家濒危物种进出口管理办公室的邀请访问我区的，座谈会上，罗副局长简要介绍了我区濒危物种管理情况及相关政策法规、保障边境野生动植物正常贸易所采取的措施，通报了我区今年查处的3起边境走私大案要案情况。     

斩断魔爪 湖南省石门县森林公安局侦破“12.29”系列案纪实

2018年11月7日,湖南日报的一篇专题报道引发社会重点关注:在湖南省森林公安局的组织指挥下,一个特大非法收购、运输、出售穿山甲等珍贵濒危野生动物及其制品案告破,共刑事拘留犯罪嫌疑人129名,收缴穿山甲216只、穿山甲鳞片66公斤、藏羚羊角20个、其它野生动物及其制品一批,扣押赃款1800多万元。一个由境外走私到广西,由广西销售至广州,再向全国分销穿山甲等珍贵、濒危野生动物的非法贸易网络被成功摧毁。     

要闻

近日，中国会同有关方面，组织亚洲和非洲22个国家，开展代号为“眼镜蛇行动”的濒危物种联合缉私活动，缴获42吨紫檀、6．5吨象牙及其制品、1.55吨藏羚羊绒等大量野生动植物及其制品。     

“南方二号”行动在云南

生物学家称，在正常情况下，每个世纪物种绝灭的种数，基本上不会超过3种。而事实上，从1600年到1996年，全球灭绝了鸟类164种；从1871年至1970年灭绝兽类43种。现在，孟加拉虎存活不足20只，云南独有的戴帽叶猴不足100只……中国云南，是一个美丽而神奇的地方，她素有“动物王国”的美誉。良好的自然生态环境为众多的野生动物提供了栖息繁衍的生存空间。然而，由于受高额利润的驱使，近年来，我省走私、贩运、销售、食用国家重点保护野生动物及其制品的违法犯罪活动有所抬头。一些不法分子肆意捕杀、走私、贩卖，甚至公开销售珍稀濒危野生…     

论罪刑相适应原则在走私CITES公约附录濒危植物案件中的法律适用

<正>近年来,随着我国社会经济发展和人民生活水平的提高,珍贵植物养殖热潮逐渐兴起,其中,一些"骨灰级"玩家对来自境外的濒危物种孜孜以求,有的不惜铤而走险利用多种方式走私濒危物种入境。从海关缉私部门近年来侦办的相关案例看,涉及CITES公约附录项下濒     

论走私珍贵动物及其制品罪的侦查难点与对策

正近年来,公安机关与海关缉私部门多次开展专项行动,依法打击野生动物资源违法犯罪。走私珍贵动物及其制品犯罪作为破坏野生动物资源违法犯罪的一种,日益受到我国重视。全世界珍贵动物及其制品贸易每年估值为230亿美元,目前珍贵动物及其制品已成为世界第三大走私对象。走私珍贵动物及其     

第四次濒危物种贸易工作会议在京召开

记者徐晓杰 李涤非 海明报道 2004年3月23日,由太平洋环境组织主办,绿色中国杂志社和新疆自然保育基金协办的第四次濒危物种贸易工作会议在北京召开。 会上,专家学者围绕“关注海洋濒危物种贸易”这一主题,介绍了我国海洋生物生存现状、濒危海洋物种研究状况以及海洋濒危物种贸易现状,探讨了海洋濒危物种所面临的威胁及其     

对森林公安鉴定工作的思考

<正>随着经济的发展,涉及各种野生动植物和森林资源的案件也越来越多。例如,猎杀、收购、走私、运输、出售珍贵、濒危野生动物及其产制品的犯罪活动越来越猖獗。据世界野生动物保护协会(WCS)的调查,近年来每年有1万多头大象死在人类的屠刀下。另外,盗伐、走私珍贵植物、非法加工木材,以及侵占、破坏大片森林的违法犯罪活动也是层出不穷,对于生态环境的破坏已到了非常严重的程度。作为保护野生动植物和森林资源的重要执     

搞好野生动物保护和自然保护区工作

野生动植物是地球自然生态系统中不可替代的重要组成部分,也是全人类的共同财富。当前,拯救濒危物种,保护生物多样性,保护人类的生存空间,已成为一个世界性的热点问题。保护野生动物,加快自然保护区建设是一项长期而艰巨的任务。当前,一些地区乱捕滥猎、倒卖走私野生动物及其产品的现象     

长春关区走私珍贵动植物及其制品现状及对策研究

正近年来,在贩卖野生动植物的巨额利润驱使下,走私珍贵动植物及其制品犯罪屡打不绝,使许多野生动植物濒临灭绝,破坏生态平衡,为国家和人民带来了极大的危害。一方面,走私进境的动植物及其制品未经检验检疫使许多病虫害悄悄传入我国,危害民众健康;另一方面,走私珍贵野生动植物也破坏了     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.