西兰花茎叶粉对蛋鸭生产性能和蛋品质的影响

选取1 440只绍鸭,随机分成4个处理,即对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别饲喂添加0%、4%、6%和8%西兰花茎叶粉的日粮,每个处理3个重复,每个重复120只,研究西兰花茎叶粉对蛋鸭生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果:(1)日粮中添加西兰花茎叶粉对蛋鸭生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);(2)西兰花茎叶粉添加组鸭蛋蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度较对照组均显著升高(P0.05);(3)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组蛋黄胆固醇含量下降,较对照组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,添加西兰花茎叶粉可改善蛋鸭蛋品质,降低蛋黄胆固醇水平;在蛋鸭日粮中添加6%西兰花茎叶粉可较好的改善蛋品质。     

蛋鸭产蛋高峰期色氨酸适宜需要量

本试验旨在通过研究饲粮中不同色氨酸水平对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、机体抗氧化指标和屠宰指标的影响,拟合出蛋鸭产蛋期色氨酸适宜需要量。选取120日龄山麻鸭900只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复25只。各组蛋鸭分别饲喂色氨酸水平为0.12%、0.16%、0.20%、0.24%、0.28%、0.32%的试验饲粮,试验期20周。结果表明:1)饲粮色氨酸水平对蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重、料蛋比等无显著影响(P0.05),但0.20%组在数值上表现出最高的产蛋率和日产蛋重。饲粮色氨酸水平对蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、蛋壳重量、蛋壳比例、蛋壳厚度等蛋品质指标无显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响蛋黄色泽(P0.05),表现为0.20%组蛋黄色泽显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。2)饲粮色氨酸水平对蛋鸭血清白蛋白、总蛋白、尿酸含量无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮色氨酸水平对蛋鸭血清和肝脏抗氧化指标(除肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶)均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮色氨酸水平对输卵管重量、输卵管长度、卵巢重量无显著影响(P0.05)。根据折线模型拟合得出:饲粮色氨酸水平为0.20%时可满足产蛋高峰期蛋鸭营养需要。     

迷迭香草粉对高温蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加迷迭香草粉对高温蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血液生化指标的影响。试验选用40周龄京粉1号蛋鸡360只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲粮中不含迷迭香草粉,试验组饲粮中分别含有0.3%、0.6%和0.9%的迷迭香草粉,试验期6周。结果表明:饲粮中添加0.3%迷迭香草粉组产蛋率和平均日总蛋重显著高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05);饲粮中添加0.9%迷迭香草粉组蛋壳强度显著低于对照组(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.3%迷迭香草粉组蛋黄颜色显著优于对照组(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.3%迷迭香草粉组蛋鸡血清白蛋白(ALB)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加0.3%迷迭香草粉能有效提高高温季节蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

饲粮中应用不同水平高粱对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探讨高粱在蛋鸭饲料中的适宜应用剂量,将1 440只130日龄龙岩蛋鸭随机分为8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸭,对照组采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,其他各处理在基础饲粮中添加不同水平(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%)低单宁高粱以及30%膨化低单宁高粱,试验期为90 d。结果发现,产蛋初期(25 d),饲粮中应用不同水平高粱及30%膨化高粱对蛋鸭产蛋期产蛋率无显著影响(P0.05),但20%高粱组蛋鸭产蛋率最高。各处理间平均蛋重、日产蛋重、料蛋比无显著差异(P0.05),50%高粱组平均蛋重最高,料蛋比20%高粱组最低。产蛋高峰期(65 d),各高粱水平及膨化高粱组产蛋率组间无显著差异(P0.05),但20%高粱组产蛋率最高(89%),玉米-豆粕组产蛋率最低(85%)。不同高粱水平及膨化高粱对平均蛋重影响显著,表现在:30%膨化高粱组平均蛋重于各处理最高,并显著高于玉米-豆粕组及30%高粱组(P0.05)。各组间日产蛋重、料蛋比无显著差异(P0.05),但20%高粱组日产蛋重最高,料蛋比最低。各处理组间蛋形指数、哈夫单位、蛋白高度无显著差异(P0.05),但黄色泽度随高粱添加水平上升而线性下降。蛋黄相对重、蛋白相对重、蛋壳相对重、蛋壳强度、平均蛋壳厚度组间无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中使用20%低单宁高粱时蛋鸭高峰期生产性能最佳,且应用膨化高粱能提高鸭蛋蛋重。     

大蒜粉对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响

为研究日粮中添加大蒜粉对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质及鸭蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响,本试验选择80只30周龄、体重相近、健康的攸县麻鸭母鸭,随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸭,分别在基础日粮中添加0%、3%、5%、7%的大蒜粉,试验预饲期为7 d,正式期为28 d。结果表明:试验3、4组的采食量高于试验1组,但差异不显著(P0.05),试验2组的采食量较试验1组提高7.35%(P0.05)。试验2、4组的料蛋比较试验1组低,但差异不显著(P0.05),而试验3组的料蛋比比试验1组降低16.53%(P0.01)。日粮中添加大蒜粉对鸭蛋蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数、哈氏单位、蛋黄指数等蛋品质常规指标无显著影响,而添加3%的大蒜粉后能使蛋黄颜色显著变浅(P0.05)。大蒜粉的添加,可以显著降低鸭蛋中蛋黄胆固醇含量。当大蒜粉的添加水平为3%和5%时,蛋黄胆固醇降低6.58%(P0.05)和9.66%(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加适量的大蒜粉能够改善蛋鸭的生产性能,并且有效降低了鸭蛋蛋黄中胆固醇含量。     

在玉米-杂粕日粮中添加复合酶对商品蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

将600只42周龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。A组为玉米-豆粕日粮对照组,B、C组分别为用杂粕不同程度替代豆粕组成玉米-杂粕日粮试验组,D、E组分别为在B、C组基础上的加杂粕复合酶试验组,正式试验期为56d。试验结果表明,①在蛋鸡杂粕日粮中添加复合酶,在产蛋率上,处理E、处理B均显著高于处理C(P<0.05),但处理E、A、B、D各组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);在平均日采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、破蛋率、软蛋率、脏蛋率的指标上,各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。②在蛋鸡杂粕日粮中添加复合酶,在蛋形指数、蛋黄比例、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳比例、哈夫单位指标上,各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05);在蛋黄指数上,处理A和处理E组差异显著(P<0.05);在蛋壳厚度上,处理A组极显著高于处理C组(P<0.01),处理E显著低于处理A(P<0.05)。     

笼养对苏邮1号蛋鸭生产性能与蛋品质的影响

为了研究传统依水圈养、笼养2种不同饲养模式对苏邮1号蛋鸭产蛋高峰期生产性能、蛋品质及蛋组分的影响,选取70日龄苏邮1号蛋鸭900羽,随机分为2组,分别为传统依水圈养组与笼养组,每组3个重复。结果显示:与传统依水圈养组相比,笼养组50%产蛋率日龄显著提前2天(P0.05),日均采食量与料蛋比分别显著降至160.4g、2.74(P0.05),且破蛋率显著降至2.0%(P0.05);笼养组鸭蛋蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度及蛋黄颜色均显著低于传统依水圈养组(P0.05),其余蛋品质指标及蛋组分均无显著差异(P0.05)。研究结果提示,笼养模式可显著改善苏邮1号蛋鸭生产性能,但蛋黄色泽较差。     

柠檬酸与辣木茎叶粉联用对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究柠檬酸和辣木茎叶粉的使用对产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取720只52周龄生产性能及体重相近的广西麻鸡,随机分为4组,每组180只。试验采用单因素设计,其中柠檬酸以添加剂的形式添加,辣木茎叶粉为等量替代基础日粮的方式加入,添加量分别为0.07%柠檬酸、0.07%柠檬酸+4%辣木茎叶粉、4%辣木茎叶粉,分别记为A组、B组、C组,对照组饲喂基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,B组在产蛋率、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度均有一定程度的改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,B组蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),A组蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著降低,C组平均蛋重显著降低。与对照组相比,B、C组总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,柠檬酸和辣木茎叶粉的联合使用可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化能力。     

中药复方对蛋鸭生产性能的影响

为研究中药复方制剂对蛋鸭生产性能的影响,选取蛋鸭600只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复.对照组A饲喂基础日粮,试验组(B、C)饲喂的日粮分别在基础日粮中添加中药复方制剂方一和方二.试验组和对照组比较,产蛋率显著提高,料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05),其中蛋鸭料蛋比由2.74下降到2.31,降低15.69%.结果表明,两组中...     

大豆脂肪磷脂粉在产蛋鹌鹑日粮中的应用

选择450只132日龄的健康产蛋鹌鹑随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每重复25只鹌鹑进行了为期30d的饲养对比试验.对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组3种日粮分别按照0%、1.5%、3.0%水平以大豆脂肪磷脂粉替代日粮中的玉米,其他日粮组成均相同.以每重复为单位分别测定各组的产蛋数、总蛋重、平均蛋重、产蛋率、平均日采食量、料蛋比、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度和经济效益指标,经单因素方差分析结果表明:总蛋重、平均蛋重、料蛋比和蛋黄颜色组间差异显著(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05),两处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别较对照组改善了2.5%、4.6%(总蛋重),7.5%、5.2%(平均蛋重),5.2%、6.3%(料蛋比),35.7%、35.7%(蛋黄颜色);产蛋数、产蛋率、平均日采食量、蛋壳厚度和总经济效益组间差异不显著(P>0.05),平均产蛋率和经济效益有提高趋势,平均日采食量和蛋壳厚度有降低趋势,总经济效益试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别较对照组提高了11.1%、16.3%.结论:在产蛋期鹌鹑日粮中添加1.5%～3%的大豆脂肪磷脂粉不仅可显著改善产蛋鹌鹑的产蛋性能,还能直接提高经济效益和提高蛋产品的商品性能,值得在生产中推广应用。     

白洋淀菹草不同生长期生物量及营养介值变化动态

 本研究在白洋淀王家寨淀区选取５个采样点,分别于菹草返青期、指数生长期、芽殖体发生期和植株衰亡期,对各采样点的菹草植株进行取样、监测并记录各采样点菹草的生物量变化,并对菹草植株各项营养指标含量进行分析。结果表明,菹草指数生长期,生物量增大,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总磷以及β-胡萝卜素均达到最大值,而粗纤维、粗灰分、钙以及Ｖｃ含量在３－６月的监测中呈现逐渐上升趋势,５月初是白洋淀采集菹草的最佳季节。不同采样点,菹草的营养指标含量存在差异。整个菹草生长期,各采样点菹草粗蛋白含量在１００ｇ／ｋｇ以上,粗纤维含量低于１５５ｇ／ｋｇ,粗脂肪含量在１２ｇ／ｋｇ以上,粗灰分含量在１４０ｇ／ｋｇ以上,钙和磷含量均在３．０ｇ／ｋｇ以上,维生素Ｃ含量在１４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上,β-胡萝卜素含量在３１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上,营养价值较其他水生饲料高,是草鱼、畜禽理想的青饲料。菹草中的类胡萝卜素等成分可提高蛋品的保健价值,应用前景十分广阔。     

Bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in steers fed high dietary sulfur and molybdenum

Sixty Angus (n = 29) and Angus-Sim-mental cross (n = 31) steers, averaging 9 mo of age and 277 kg of initial BW, were used in a 148-d study to determine the bioavailability of copper glycinate (CuGly) relative to feed-grade copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) when supplemented to diets high in S and Mo. Steers were blocked by weight within breed and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuSO(4), 3) 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuSO(4), 4) 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuGly, and 5) 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuGly. Steers were individually fed a corn silage-based diet (analyzed 8.2 mg of Cu/kg of DM), and supplemented with 2 mg of Mo/kg of diet DM and 0.15% S for 120 d (phase 1). Steers were then supplemented with 6 mg of Mo/kg of diet DM and 0.15% S for an additional 28 d (phase 2). Average daily gain and G:F were improved by Cu supplementation regardless of source (P = 0.01). Final ceruloplasmin, plasma Cu, and liver Cu values were greater (P < 0.05) in steers fed supplemental Cu compared with controls. Plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin values were greater (P < 0.05) in steers supplemented with 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM vs. those supplemented with 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM. Based on multiple linear regression of final plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin values on dietary Cu intake in phase 1 (2 mg of Mo/kg of DM), bioavailability of Cu from CuGly relative to CuSO(4) (100%) was 140 (P = 0.10), 131 (P = 0.12), and 140% (P = 0.01), respectively. Relative bio-availability of Cu from CuGly was greater than from CuSO(4) (P = 0.01; 144, 150, and 157%, based on plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin, respectively) after supplementation of 6 mg of Mo/kg of DM for 28 d. Results of this study suggest that Cu from CuGly may be more available than CuSO(4) when supplemented to diets high in S and Mo.     

Vitamin E supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production,egg quality,digestibility of nutrients and egg yolk mineral concentrations of Japanese quails

The aim of this study was to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients, and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by dietary vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation in laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica). Japanese quails (n=240; 7-week-old) were divided into eight groups, 30 birds per group. The quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 125, 250 or 500 mg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet. Birds were kept at 22 degrees C and 55% relative humidity (RH). At 14 weeks of age, the thermo-neutral (TN) group remained in the same temperature as at the beginning of the experiment, whereas the heat stress (HS) group was kept at an environment-controlled room at 34 degrees C and 44% RH for 3 weeks. Heat exposure decreased performance when basal diet was fed (P=0.001). With 250 and 500 mg/kg of diet, an increase in body weight (P=0.01), feed intake (P=0.01), egg production (P=0.001), and improvement in feed efficiency (P=0.01) was found with vitamin E supplementation in quails reared under heat stress conditions (HS). Similarly, egg weight (P=0.01), egg specific gravity (P=0.01), egg shell thickness (P=0.05) and Haugh unit (P=0.01) were positively influenced by vitamin E supplementation. Heat exposure decreased digestibility of dry matter (DM) (P=0.03), organic matter (OM) (P=0.05), crude protein (CP) (P=0.02), ether extract (EE) (P=0.05) and were elevated by supplemental vitamin E (P相似文献   

奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂驱除藏羊线虫绦虫试验

使用５,１０,２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂,对放牧藏系绵羊进行驱除线虫、绦虫试验。试验结果：５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量对消化道线虫、绦虫的虫卵转阴率,下降率均为１００％,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率为６０％,下降率为９４．１％;１０,２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量的虫卵（幼虫）转阴率,下降率均为１００％,安全性良好。按５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量给当年生羔羊进行大群秋季示范驱虫,结果粪检虫卵（幼虫）呈阴性,驱虫羔羊比同一地区未驱虫的当年生羔羊保活率提高４．４８个百分点,全部投药羊未发生毒副反应。试验初步证明奥芬哒唑可湿性粉剂安全有效,与本品原粉、片剂的驱虫效果及安全性一致。而该剂型投服方便,计量准确,省时省力,易推广。     

Influence of cobalt concentration on vitamin B12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous culture flow-through fermentors

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary concentrations of Co on vitamin B12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microbes grown in continuous culture fermentors. Four fermentors were fed 14 g of DM/d. The DM consisted of a corn and cottonseed hull-based diet with Co supplemented as CoCO3. Dietary treatments were 1) control (containing 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM), 2) 0.05 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, 3) 0.10 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, and 4) 1.0 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM. After a 3-d adjustment period, fermentors were sampled over a 3-d sampling period. This process was repeated 2 additional times for a total of 3 runs. Ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentrations were affected by Co supplementation (P < 0.01), and there was a treatment x day interaction (P < 0.01). By sampling d 3, cultures fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.10 mg of Co/kg had greater (P < 0.05) vitamin B12 concentrations than those supplemented with 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM, and increasing supplemental Co from 0.10 to 1.0 mg/kg of DM increased (P < 0.01) ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentration. Ruminal fluid succinate also was affected (P < 0.10) by a treatment x day interaction. Cobalt supplementation to the control diet greatly decreased (P < 0.05) succinate in ruminal cultures on sampling d 3 but not on d 1 or 2. Molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate, and acetate:propionate were not affected by the addition of supplemental Co to the basal diet. However, molar proportions of butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate increased (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental Co. The majority of long-chain fatty acids observed in this study were not affected by Co supplementation. However, percentages of C18:0 fatty acids in ruminal cultures tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for Co-supplemented diets relative to the control. Methane, ammonia, and pH were not greatly affected by Co supplementation. The results indicate that a total (diet plus supplemental) Co concentration of 0.10 to 0.15 mg/kg of dietary DM resulted in adequate vitamin B12 production to meet the requirements of ruminal microorganisms fed a high-concentrate diet in continuous-flow fermentors.     

Effects of dietary copper concentration and source on performance and copper status of growing and finishing steers

Performance and Cu status were measured in growing and finishing steers supplemented with different copper (Cu) concentrations and sources. Sixty Angus (n = 36) and Angus x Hereford (n = 24) steers were stratified by weight and initial liver Cu concentration within a breed and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu sulfate (CuSO4); 3) 40 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 4) 20 mg Cu/ kg DM from Cu citrate (C6H4Cu2O7); 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu proteinate; and 6) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic Cu chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl). A corn silage-soybean meal-based diet that was analyzed to contain 10.2 mg of Cu/kg DM was fed for 56 d. Steers were then switched to a high-concentrate diet that was analyzed to contain 4.9 mg of Cu/kg DM. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were slaughtered after receiving the finishing diets for either 101 or 121 d. Performance was not affected by Cu level or source during the growing phase. Gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were reduced (P < .05) by Cu supplementation during the finishing phase. Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were higher in steers receiving supplemental Cu at the end of both the growing and finishing phases. Steers supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4 had higher (P < .05) liver Cu concentrations than those supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4. Liver Cu concentrations did not increase over the finishing phase relative to liver Cu concentrations at the end of the growing phase. These results indicate that as little as 20 mg/kg of supplemental Cu can reduce performance in finishing steers.     

Quantifying the effect of monensin dose on the rumen volatile fatty acid profile in high-grain-fed beef cattle

Monensin is a common feed additive used in various countries, where 1 of the associated benefits for use in beef cattle is improved efficiency of energy metabolism by the rumen bacteria, the animal, or both. Modeling fermentation-altering supplements is of interest, and thus, it is the purpose of this paper to quantify the change in VFA profile caused by monensin dose in high-grain-fed beef cattle. The developmental database used for meta-analysis included 58 treatment means from 16 studies from the published literature, and the proportional change in molar acetate, propionate, and butyrate (mol/100 mol) as well as total VFA (mM) with monensin feeding dose (mg/kg DM, concentration in the feed) was evaluated using the MIXED procedure (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with the study treated as a random effect. The mean monensin dose in the literature database was 30.9 ± 3.70 mg/kg DM and ranged from 0.0 to 88.0 mg/kg DM. Mean DMI was 7.8 ± 0.26 kg DM/d, mean concentrate proportion of the diet was 0.87 ± 0.01, and mean treatment period was 42 ± 5.6 d. Results produced the following equations: proportional change in acetate (mol/100 mol) = -0.0634 (± 0.0323) × monensin (mg/kg DM)/100 (P = 0.068), proportional change in propionate (mol/100 mol) = 0.260 (± 0.0735) × monensin (mg/kg DM)/100 (P = 0.003), and proportional change in butyrate (mol/100 mol) = -0.335 (± 0.0916) × monensin (mg/kg DM)/100 (P = 0.002). The change in total VFA was not significantly related to monensin dose (P = 0.93). The results presented here indicate that the shift in VFA profile may be dose dependent, with increasing propionate and decreasing acetate and butyrate proportions (mol/100 mol). These equations could be applied within mechanistic models of rumen fermentation to represent the effect of monensin dose on the VFA profile in high-grain-fed beef cattle.     

Effects of dietary copper on the expression of lipogenic genes and metabolic hormones in steers

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Cu supplementation on performance, subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and leptin in growing and finishing steers. Forty-eight purebred Angus steers were allotted to one of five treatments: 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 3) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from a Cu amino acid complex (Availa Cu); 4) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu. Steers were fed an alfalfa hay corn-based diet for 56 d (basal diet contained 7.1 mg Cu/kg DM) and switched to a high-concentrate diet for 144 d (basal diet contained 6.1 mg Cu/kg DM). Blood samples were obtained every 28 d throughout the entire experiment. On d 112 of the finishing period, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from the tailhead of three animals per treatment and analyzed for ACC, SCD, UCP2, and leptin mRNA expression. Animal performance was not affected by Cu supplementation during the growing phase. Steers receiving 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Availa Cu had higher (P < 0.05) ending body weights and tended (P < 0.10) to have higher ADG than steers receiving 10 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4 during the finishing phase. Serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acid and insulin were not affected by Cu supplementation. Steers receiving supplemental Cu tended (P < 0.11) to have less backfat relative to controls. However, dietary Cu did not influence the level of subcutaneous adipose tissue ACC and SCD mRNA. Neither UCP2 nor leptin gene expression was affected by Cu supplementation. These results indicate that dietary Cu supplementation (10 to 20 mg Cu/kg DM diet) may alter lipid metabolism of subcutaneous adipose tissue; however, it does not seem to affect expression of certain lipogenic genes.     

酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡蛋品质及生产性能的影响

为研究添加不同浓度的酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质、鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响,试验选用健康的21周龄吉林芦花鸡96只,平均体重1622 g。随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他3组分别添加0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg的酵母硒。预试期5 d,正式期21 d。结果表明:各组间料蛋比、采食量、哈氏单位、鸡蛋颜色无显著差异(P>0.05);0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组的平均蛋重极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),产蛋率、软破壳蛋率均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组的蛋黄比率、软破壳蛋率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组胆固醇含量极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);料蛋比(P=0.087)和胆固醇(P=0.061)随着酵母硒添加量的增加有降低的趋势。0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组蛋硒含量极显著高于对照组和0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.01),显著高于0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,酵母硒适宜添加量为0.6 mg/kg。     

凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

 试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响。选取200日龄,产蛋率约80%的临武鸭240羽,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸭,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加100 mg/kg、150 mg/kg和200 mg/kg凝结芽孢杆菌,预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：（1）饲粮添加凝结芽孢杆菌可提高蛋鸭产蛋率、平均日产蛋量、平均蛋重和饲料转化率,但未达显著水平（P>0.05）;添加100 mg/kg和150 mg/kg凝结芽孢杆菌可显著降低产蛋鸭采食量（P<0.05）,添加200 mg/kg与各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）;(2）饲粮添加凝结芽孢杆菌可显著降低鸭蛋蛋壳厚度（P<0.05）,当添加150 mg/kg和200 mg/kg时,差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）,凝结芽孢杆菌还可显著提高鸭蛋蛋黄颜色,蛋白高度和哈氏单位（P<0.05）;（3）芽孢杆菌对产蛋鸭血清中血糖、总蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三脂等血清生化指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。由此可知,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌能在一定程度上提高蛋鸭饲料转化率和产蛋性能,虽会引起蛋壳厚度降低,但不影响合格蛋率,还可提高蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位,对蛋品质有一定改善。综合考虑,蛋鸭饲粮中凝结芽孢杆菌的添加量以150 mg/kg较为适宜。