养虾池底播魁蚶技术研究

对养虾池混养魁蚶的底质选择、播苗密度、苗种规格、池水调近和魁蚶在虾池中越冬等进行了试验研究，２７０亩混养试验池，平均亩产对虾１０６．３ｋｇ，魁蚶１２４．１ｋｇ，混养比单养平均亩增效益１４３８．４元，总增效益３８．８４万元。技术鉴定认为：本研究成果属国内领先水平。     

中肋骨条藻的室内筛选室外培养技术

骨条藻生长繁殖速度快、不容易污染。在室内水泥池中,从自然海水里筛选生产性纯种骨条藻藻液,在室外土池里通过对骨条藻生长繁殖所需要的各项理化因子、生物因子的控制,快速培养骨条藻。该技术简单、生产操作容易,适应于大规模的生产使用。     

牛蛙爱德华氏菌病病原菌的鉴定和致病因素的研究

从患爱德华氏菌病的牛蛙肌肉、肝、肾、血液和腹水中分离到8株细菌，根据其形态和生理生化特性鉴定为野生型迟钝爱德华氏菌。人工感染实验均为该病的病原菌，毒素检测试验表明，致病因素主要是内毒素而不是外毒素。分离菌株的主要特性为杆状、革兰氏阴性、周生鞭毛、兼性厌氧。接触酶、甲基红试验和硝酸盐还原均为阳性。在三糖铁琼脂上产H2S。氧化酶、丙二酸盐利用、V．P试验、明胶液化、尿素酶。苯丙氨酸脱氨酶为阴性。分解葡萄糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖，产酸产气，不利用甘露醇、蔗糖和阿拉伯糖。     

温度对三疣梭子蟹行为的影响

描述了三疣梭子蟹的摄食、领域、防御、攻击及清洁行为。三疣梭子蟹在水温12℃以上摄食行为加强,领域与攻防行为也很明显,攻防主要其螯肢。三疣梭子蟹的清洁行为比较复杂,在光强度变化较大时较为明显,一般要持续15~20min。随着温度的降低,三疣梭子蟹的摄食、攻防、领域行为都明显减弱。     

美国杂交条纹鲈苗种培育水体理化因子调控和生态条件初探

进行了美国杂交条纹鲈的苗种培育试验，科学调节池塘水体理化因子，初步探讨了美国杂交条纹鲈生长的适宜生态条件。认为美国杂交条纹鲈适温范围广，苗种培育过程中溶解氧应在4mg/L以上，碱度、硬度保持3me/L左右，pH8．0以上，COD应在10mg／L以下，对氮、磷营养元素和苗种培育饵料生物也进行了分析。     

Influence of the gametogenic cycle on the biochemical composition of the ovary of the great scallop

The oogenic cycle and biochemical composition of the ovary of raft-cultured great scallop (Pecten maximus) were studied during the period April 1990–July 1991. The ovary condition index (FGI) and stereological studies showed the existence of two principal spawning periods, winter and late spring-early summer. No sexual resting period was found. Oocyte lysis was high throughout the year. Ovarian lipid levels displayed a clear seasonal pattern linked to the gametogenic cycle. Total lipid (TL, 16–21% dry weight), acylglycerol (AG, 20–65% TL) and free sterol (FS, 2.8–6.4% TL) levels were, generally, higher in the ripe ovary and a decrease coincided with spawning. Protein (59–63% dry weight), glycogen (<3% dry weight) and phospholipid (PL, 26–35% TL) levels showed no clear seasonal trend. The TL and AG were a good index of ovarian sexual maturity. The TL % of dry weight) correlated well with the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.779, p < 0.001), and AG (% f TL) correlated well with the mean oocyte diameter (r _s = 0.630, p < 0.01) and the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.443, p < 0.05).     

大宁河龙溪段鱼类早期资源研究

为了解十年禁渔背景下大宁河鱼类早期资源变化状况,2020和2021年5-7月在大宁河龙溪断面开展了鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,龙溪江段产浮性卵鱼类1种、漂流性卵鱼类4种、粘沉性卵鱼类19种;中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）和大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）的产卵规模相对较大,其卵占比分别达48%和30%以上;2020年的鱼类卵苗资源量和种类都少于2021年。RDA分析结果显示,中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)鱼卵漂流密度与水温变化呈现一定相关性,适宜水温促使中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)产卵;随着流速和流量增加,多鳞白甲鱼(Scaphesthes macrolepis)和云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)卵漂流密度均相应增加;大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）和峨眉后平鳅(Metahomaloptera omeiensis)产卵期间江水酸碱度相对较低。十年禁渔的实施对大宁河鱼类资源的恢复可能产生积极影响。     

Functional morphology of the kidney. A review of the histophysiology of the kidney glomerulus, the nephrons and the collecting tubule system

The kidney is a composite organ, the specific activities of which are attributable to the peculiar construction of the individual components of the glomerula, nephrons and collecting tubules. This comprehensive review will address the essential physiological mechanisms of urine formation, such as filtration, secretion, reabsorption and concentration, and correlate these functions to morphological structures where possible. The complex structure of the renal glomerulus as the basis for the formation of primary urine (blood-urine barrier) will be documented on the basis of electron micrographs. In addition to this, the ultrastructure of the epithelium in the various tubular segments and collecting tubules will be discussed from a histophysiological stand-point, including its significance in the excretion of waste substances and maintenance of a constant fluid environment in the body (Homeostasis).     

沸石在河蟹育苗中的应用

在河蟹育苗中,利用沸石作水质净化剂．从幼体蚤状Ⅲ期始,每天在3个幼体培育池共90m3水体中投放200×10-6沸石。结果试验组每m3水体大眼幼体出苗量增加54g,效果明显。试验证实,投放沸石能吸附水中有机污染物,降解氨氮,净化水质,促进幼体正常变态发育。     

Diseases of the prostate in the dog

BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is frequently observed in male dogs older than five years. Uncomplicated BPH is therefore regarded as a normal aging process. Only 1-2% of the males develop malign tumors, furthermore acute or chronic prostatitis, abscesses or cysts. The diagnosis of prostatic diseases requires special physical and laboratory examinations. For the treatment hormonal effective substances, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, analgesics and surgical procedures (prostatectomy, castration) are recommended. The author successfully uses a therapy in two phases starting with an intensive medication (Tardack plus antibiotics s.c./p.o. and local) for at least 10, up to 30 days, followed by surgery. Particularities in diagnosis and therapy are pointed out.     

Predicting the temperature of the Barents Sea

Knowledge of the influence of the physical environment on commercially important fish stocks in the North Atlantic has increased during the last decade. To allow this information to be used in fisheries management, some forecast of the environment is important. Predictions of temperature in the Arcto-boreal Barents Sea have been given for many years, both as subjective opinions of scientists and implicitly in stock assessment assumptions of, e.g., mortality rates. To evaluate an objective statistical forecasting system, we have analysed time series representing mechanisms previously proposed as influencing the temperature of the Barents Sea. These include components of suggested periodic nature, large-scale advective effects, regional processes, and atmospheric teleconnections. The predictability of Barents Sea temperature based on the above mechanisms was evaluated through calculations of auto- and cross-correlations, linear regression, spectral analysis and autoregressive modelling. Forecasts based on periodic fluctuations in temperature performed poorly. Advection alone did not explain a major part of the variability. The precision of predictions six months ahead varied with season; forecasts from spring to autumn had least uncertainty. A first-order autoregressive model, including modelled atmospherically driven volume flux to the western Barents Sea during the preceding year and the position of the Gulf Stream off the eastern coast of the USA two years earlier, explained 50% of the total historical temperature variability.     

饲料中沙门氏菌的污染现状及检测方法探究

沙门氏菌是一类革兰氏阴性、长有鞭毛的兼性需氧菌,多数存在于动物的排泄物中,其引起食物中毒的发病率极高.本文对沙门氏菌的三种主要检测方法:微生物学检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、PCR快速检测技术的实验方法、注意事项以及优缺点进行探究,对于更为准确快速鉴定沙门氏菌,防止沙门氏菌进一步蔓延具有一定的意义.     

On the temporal variability of the physical environment over the south-eastern Bering Sea

During 1997 and 1998, unusual physical conditions occurred in the Bering Sea: strong May storms and calm conditions in July; record high sea surface temperature; a shallow wind mixed layer; a fresher-than-normal water column; and abnormal cross-shelf currents. Accompanying these conditions were changes in the dominant phytoplankton, a die-off of seabirds, increased sightings of large whales and diminished returns of salmon. Changes to the physical environment during 1997 and 1998 are placed in context of historical meteorological and oceanographic data sets. Although 1997 had the warmest sea surface temperature ever observed on the south-east Bering Sea shelf, the heat content of the water column was cooler than average. In contrast, during 1998, the sea surface temperature was cooler than in 1997 but the water column had significantly higher heat content. During recent years, the water column has freshened over the middle shelf because of increased sea ice and reduction of on-shelf transport of the saline, high-nutrient water from the slope. The timing of the spring bloom is directly related to the presence of ice. When ice is advected over the south-east shelf during March/April an early, sharp phytoplankton bloom occurs. The absence of ice during this critical time is associated with a May/June bloom.     

对虾苗种生产中幼体停食病的探讨

对虾幼体停食病是近年来对虾苗种生产中的一种严重疾病，本文就其表现症状、防治实践和防治效果等进行了详细描述，并就与此相关的外源亲体和幼体的引入以及苗种生长中的幼体消毒和水处理工艺等问题进行了探讨，提出了防治途径与技术措施。     

The effects of the Sahelian drought on the fishery of the central delta of the Niger River

Abstract. Recent changes in rainfall patterns in West Africa have produced drought conditions which have affected the flood regime, of the Niger River. Analysis of a 20-year series of discharge data for the river and the records of landings of fish at Moption the central delta of the Niger show catch in any year to be highly correlated with flood intensities. Some management implications of the reduced catch following the drought years are discussed.     

日本沼虾蜕皮过程中头胸甲外骨骼超微结构的改变

采用HE染色及石蜡切片的扫描电镜观察方法,描述了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)蜕皮间期(C期,intermolt stage)及新旧表皮更替变化剧烈的蜕皮前晚期(D4期,late premolt stage)和蜕皮后期(postmolt stage)A-B期头胸甲外骨骼的形态结构变化特点。结果显示,日本沼虾外骨骼分为上表皮、外表皮、内表皮三层,D4期出现新的上表皮和外表皮,B期出现新内表皮,外表皮强嗜碱性而内表皮弱嗜酸性。扫描电镜观察发现,C期头胸甲内、外表皮均为几丁质-蛋白质纤维构成的平行板层结构且板层内有发达的孔道系统(pore canals,pc),但内外表皮板层间排列紧密程度不同,外表皮板层切面边缘较整齐,结构致密,板层内pc大小均一、近似圆形,内表皮板层切面边缘粗糙,结构较疏松,板层内pc大小不等、多为梭形。在蜕皮前后,新外表皮结构变化显著,与C期相比,D4期新外表皮超微结构与旧内表皮结构相似,而在A期,外表皮超微结构由疏松变为致密,这可能与蜕皮后表皮的钙化相关。本研究旨为阐明沼虾的蜕皮机制提供基础资料。     

鱼类的鳃病及其防治方法

引起鱼类鳃病的病原体主要包括以下几种：细菌、病毒、霉菌、原生动物、单殖吸虫和甲壳类。本文对这些疾病的症状作了描述，并提出了综合防治措施。     

29种天然植物提取物对指环虫杀灭作用的研究

利用金鱼、鲢、鲤、草鱼、欧洲鳗鲡所寄生的坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫、拟指环虫为材料,建立以金鱼为寄主、中型指环虫为指示虫的杀虫药物筛选动物模型,使寄生感染率达100%。利用该模型对29种天然植物提取物进行杀虫活性筛选。结果表明:银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回、鸦胆子、云南重楼、杠柳、槟榔、陈皮最高杀虫率在48 h内均达70%以上,且对鱼安全性较高;刺五加、细柱五加、商陆、乌头、松针、藁本、青蒿、辣蓼、苦参对指环虫有一定的杀灭作用,杀虫率在20%~40%之间;荆芥、山奈、葫芦巴、萹蓄、芫花、马钱子、肉豆蔻、马兜铃、直立百部、千年健、常山、北乌头在实验浓度内对指环虫没有明显的杀灭作用。其中,银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回杀灭活性最强,使用浓度较低,该实验条件下杀灭率100%;鸦胆子、槟榔对鱼最为安全,但杀虫浓度较高。     

明月湖水质现状研究

通过对明月湖水源、上、中、下游水域进行布点采样,对水样的温度、pH、物理性状、溶解氧、化学需氧量进行测定,并与国家标准进行对比分析湖水的污染现状,阐述其对水产养殖业可能造成的影响。     

Fluid therapy in the dog and the cat

Underlying principle for fluid therapy is the knowledge about distribution of body water (60% of body weight) into compartments: intra- and extracellular fluid (ICF, ECF) cover respectively one half, one sixth of the latter fills the intravascular system. According to the concentration of ions and molecules in the lost fluids, dehydration is classified into hypertone, hypotone and isotone. Clinical assessment and laboratory examination (PCV, hemoglobin, total protein, urine analysis, electrolyte and blood gas evaluation) are crucial features for determination of dehydration rate, acid-base and electrolyte imbalances. Derangements of body-fluid and electrolyte metabolism and their treatment are discussed. The quantity of fluids necessary for rehydration of the patient is calculated on the basis of clinical findings. Overhydration risk has to be considered more seriously in cats than dogs. Intravenous, subcutaneous, oral and intraperitoneal infusions are feasible. A survey to technical aspects and required instruments is presented in conclusion.