Induction of Thyroid Proliferative Changes in Rats Treated with Antithyroid Compound

This study was designed to investigate the histologic changes in goitrogen-induced thyroid growth of the rat. The animals were orally treated by 1% potassium perchlorate except the controls and were sacrificed in intervals ranging from 1 to 12 months. The thyroid weight increased progressively along the treatment and after 2 months showed a diffuse homogenous hypertrophy and hyperplasia of follicular cells, decreased amount of colloid and increased vascularity. After sixth month of treatment true nodules appeared with complex morphology.     

Medical management of hyperthyroidism

Radioiodine is considered the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism, but in some situations, methimazole therapy is preferred, such as in cats with pre-existing renal insufficiency. Methimazole blocks thyroid hormone synthesis, and controls hyperthyroidism in more than 90% of cats that tolerate the drug. Unfavorable outcomes are usually due to side effects such as gastrointestinal (GI) upset, facial excoriation, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or liver enzyme elevations; warfarin-like coagulopathy or myasthenia gravis have been reported but are rare. Because restoration of euthyroidism can lead to a drop in glomerular filtration rate, all cats treated with methimazole should be monitored with BUN and creatinine, in addition to serum T4, complete blood count, and liver enzymes. Transdermal methimazole is associated with fewer GI side effects, and can be used in cats with simple vomiting or inappetance from oral methimazole. Hypertension may not resolve immediately when serum T4 is normalized, and moderate to severe hypertension should be treated concurrently with-atenolol, amlodipine, or an ACE inhibitor. Alternatives to methimazole include carbimazole, propylthiouracil, or iodinated contrast agents.     

兽药临床试验质量管理规范体系的构建与应用

为加强兽药质量评价工作,切实做好兽药临床试验监督检查工作,农业农村部先后颁布《兽药临床研究质量管理规范》(农业部公告第2337号)和《兽药临床试验质量管理规范监督检查标准》及其监督检查相关要求(农业部公告第2464号).农业部第2464号公告[2]规定,自2018年1月1日起,未经我部监督检查或监督检查不合格的兽药安全...     

Renal Tubular Cyst Formation in Newborn Rats Treated with p-Cumylphenol

In this study, we investigated the sequential changes in the development of renal tubular cysts in newborn rats treated with p-cumylphenol (PCP). Fifteen animals per sex were treated orally with 300 mg/kg/day of PCP for up to 18 days from postnatal day (PND) 4 and were sacrificed on PNDs 8, 12, 19 and 22 and after a 7 day recovery period. On PNDs 8 and 12, slight dilatation of the collecting ducts was frequently observed in the medulla and slight papillary necrosis was also noted in some cases. These dilated collecting ducts were lined with slightly hyperplastic epithelial cells. On PNDs 19 and 22, multiple large cystic changes arising from the collecting ducts in the outer medulla were seen. These cystically dilated ducts were also lined with hyperplastic epithelial cells. During the dosing period, the labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the collecting duct epithelium was higher in the PCP-treated group than in the control group at all time points. After a 7 day recovery period, the cystic change still remained, although the cell density was decreased and the epithelial cells became flattened. On the other hand, basophilic tubules with peritubular lymphoid cell infiltration were multifocally observed in the cortex. In conclusion, PCP induced multiple renal cysts that developed in the collecting ducts of the outer medulla in neonatal rats, and it is suggested that epithelial cell proliferation may play some roles in the induction of cystic lesions.     

苯骈咪唑类药物对猪囊尾蚴体外作用的光镜和扫描电镜观察

应用光学和扫描电镜观察了４种咪唑类药物对体外猪囊尾蚴的抑制作用,结果表明丙硫苯咪唑、磺苯咪唑、硫苯咪唑和氟苯咪唑对猪囊尾蚴均有抑制作用,前两者作用早于后两者。     

中药治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的应用进展

子宫内膜炎主要由细菌感染引起,是危害养牛业发展的四大疾病之一,严重影响奶牛养殖业的发展。子宫内膜炎主要由大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌引起,主要的治疗方法为抗生素疗法、激素疗法、生物学疗法和中药疗法,由于细菌耐药性的产生、激素等的残留,中药治疗子宫内膜炎成为广大科研工作者的研究方向。作者阐述了单味中药的抑菌效果、中药复方制剂的抑菌抗炎活性及中药复方制剂的临床应用,为科研人员在筛选抗菌消炎中药方面提供科学依据。     

参麦注射液对大鼠急性肺损伤保护作用及机制的研究

试验旨在探讨参麦注射液对大鼠肺组织的保护作用及可能机制,为临床治疗急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)提供理论依据。将Wister大鼠随机分为模型组、参麦治疗组和空白对照组,每组采用经典尾静脉注射油酸方法建立急性肺损伤模型。观察肺体系数、病理切片、超微结构及肺组织匀浆中TNF-α、ICAM-1的含量变化,探讨参麦注射液对大鼠肺组织急性肺损伤的保护作用。结果发现,与模型组相比参麦治疗组可以明显改变大鼠急性肺损伤的肺体系数,减轻肺组织形态学及超微结构的病理改变,同时降低肺组织匀浆中TNF-α、ICAM-1的表达。证实参麦注射液对大鼠急性肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能通过降低肺组织匀浆中TNF-α、ICAM-1的含量,而发挥抗炎作用。     

兽药有关物质研究中的常见问题

从分析方法的选择、方法验证、定量方法和限度制订等方面入手,针对兽药有关物质研究中的常见问题进行分析并提出了建议.     

新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌耐药性比较

为了比较新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,从猪场、羊场和牛场分别分离猪源大肠埃希菌454株、羊源大肠埃希菌638株和牛源大肠埃希菌89株,用微量肉汤法对上述细菌进行临床常用β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类和酰胺醇类抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度测定。结果表面,猪源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(67.0%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(63.7%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在10.4%~41.2%之间;羊源大肠埃希菌对安普霉素(33.9%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(21.2%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在3.1%~15.6%之间;牛源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(24.4%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(8.9%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在1.1%~6.7%之间。多药耐药结果,猪源大肠埃希菌以2耐~5耐为主,羊源大肠埃希菌以0耐~2耐为主,牛源大肠埃希菌以0耐~1耐为主。新疆猪源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药情况最严重,羊源菌次之,牛源菌最轻;猪源大肠埃希菌多药耐药现象严重。     

动物性食品中兽药人工抗原合成的研究

本文综述了兽药分子人工抗原合成中半抗原的设计原则、半抗原合成、载体选择、人工抗原合成方法、鉴定、纯化和影响因素等方面研究进展。     

Presence of anti-insulin natural autoantibodies in healthy cats and its interference with immunoassay for serum insulin concentrations

A substance interfering with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for feline insulin concentration was investigated in healthy cats. An insulin-binding substance isolated from feline serum showed 2 bands at 25 and 50 kDa in SDS-PAGE, suggesting the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Insulin-binding IgG from healthy cats indeed reduced insulin immunoreactivity in the ELISA for determining insulin concentration. The insulin-binding IgG was polyclonal/polyreactive and showed certain specificity, high affinity, and high binding capacity, which was evaluated by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay with Scatchard plot analysis. Epitope analysis revealed that the insulin-binding IgG showed significant binding at residues A1-5 and B20-30 of the insulin molecule. Removal of the antibodies from serum enabled the determination of serum insulin concentrations by ELISA. Our data indicated that serum from healthy cats contained substantial amounts of natural autoantibodies combined with insulin, and that the antibodies interfered with the heterologous immunoassay for serum insulin concentration.     

应用分子靶点药物治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的研究进展

犬肥大细胞瘤因其恶性率和转移率都较高,并且常规化疗药物副作用较强,患犬生存期和生存质量显著下降,因此急需新型的药物进行治疗。近几年,治疗肿瘤的分子靶点药物凭借其疗效好、副作用低的特点,受到越来越广泛的关注,特别是在治疗犬肥大细胞瘤的应用中效果显著。论文重点介绍了欧美小动物临床最常用的伊马替尼、托赛拉尼、马赛替尼这3种以异常KIT为靶点的药物及其药物作用机理及药效,最后介绍了由c-kit基因二次突变所导致的耐药问题及其预防措施,期望能对我国小动物临床医师和科研工作者有所启发。     

Fadrozole对公鸡的生长发育和精清激素浓度的影响

芳香化酶抑制剂Fadrozole能诱导雌性鸡胚雄性化,而不影响出生时雄性鸡胚的性别,但Fadrozole是否影响公鸡出雏后的生长发育和繁殖能力尚不清楚。在性别分化前(E3.0),向农大3号矮小商品代鸡胚注入PBS和不同剂量的Fadrozole(0.、10.3、0.5、1.0mg和1.3mg分别为1F、F2、F3、F4和F5),以出雏后的公鸡作为试验材料,探索Fadrozole对出雏后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的性激素和生长轴激素的影响。结果表明:高剂量组F4和F5分别为33.33%和13.33%,出雏率显著低于对照组P(<0.05),而低剂量组F1、F2和F3与对照组相比,出雏率无显著变化(P>0.05);各剂量Fadrozole处理组和对照组的体重和胫长在8周龄和20周龄时无显著差异P(>0.05);性成熟后(30周龄),F5精清中的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)显著高于对照组和其他各处理组(P<0.05),但ln(T/E2)在各处理组和对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05);本试验说明Fadrozole不影响雄性胚胎的性腺分化,但高浓度的Fadrozole不利于鸡胚的发育;Fadrozole不影响出生后公鸡的生长发育、精清中的生长轴激素激分泌和精清中睾酮与雌二醇的比值。     

兽用抗生素残留对环境中细菌耐药性影响的研究进展

尊敬的主编先生/女士:我们谨此郑重通知:依据文献计量学的原理和方法,经研究人员对相关文献的检索、统计和分析,以及学科专家评审,贵刊《家畜生态学报》入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》2011年版(即第六版)之畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂类的核心期     

毛细管电泳免疫分析技术在药物检测中的应用进展

毛细管电泳免疫分析(CEIA)是结合毛细管的分离技术和特异性免疫分析技术而发展起来的一种新型的分析技术.因其较常规免疫分析方法具有很多的优越性,在许多分析领域都有所应用,特别是药物和蛋白质检测中.文章根据不同的分离模式,简述了毛细管电泳免疫分析技术在药物检测中的应用现状,并对其在兽药残留检测中应用前景予以展望.     

bFGF对3-硝基丙酸处理的小鼠受精卵体外发育能力的影响

【目的】研究在体外培养液中添加碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)处理的小鼠受精卵体外发育能力的影响,为提高氧化应激早期胚胎体外发育质量提供参考。【方法】在小鼠受精卵体外培养液中添加0、20、50、100和150 ng/mL bFGF,培养24、48和96 h,统计2-细胞率、4-细胞率和囊胚率,筛选最佳bFGF处理浓度。经腹腔注射12.5 mg/kg 3-NPA生产氧化应激体内受精卵,正常组小鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,将获得的受精卵分为添加或不添加bFGF组,即3-NPA和3-NPA+bFGF组及对照组(C)和bFGF组,培养到囊胚后,用DCFH-DA检测胚胎内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平,CMF2HC检测谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)水平,JC-1检测早期胚胎线粒体膜电位强度。【结果】0、20、50、100和150 ng/mL bFGF组2-细胞率均无显著差异(P>0.05),100 ng/mL bFGF组囊胚率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),150 ng/mL bFGF组4-细胞率和囊...     

宁夏规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理现状调研及规范化管理探讨

为了有的放矢地推进兽药使用管理和确保兽用使用安全,对宁夏省规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理的技术力量、兽药贮存条件、兽药来源及贮存方式、兽药使用及休药期执行情况等进行了调查分析,表明规范兽药使用管理已具备有利条件,同时探讨了规范兽药使用管理的主要内容和重点措施。     

兽药长效制剂的研究与应用进展

概述了兽药长效制剂的特点,及其近年来在国内外的研究进展和应用情况,分析了长效制剂亟待解决的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。