Differential Responses of Electrolyte Leakage and Pigment Compositions in Maize and Sorghum After Exposure to and Recovery from Pre- and Post-Flowering Dehydration

Drought stress is often the most limiting factor to maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid areas.This study evaluates the response of electrolyte leakage,chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in maize (cv.Melkassa-2 and sorghum cv.Macia) after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration in plants grown in a controlled environment growth chamber under constant environmental conditions (12/12 h day/night,28-32/17°C day/night temperature,60-80% RH and PPFD of 1 200-1 400 μmol m-2 s-1),at the Department of Botany,University of Cape Town,South Africa.It was revealed that dehydration induced increases in electrolyte leakage was observed in both species during both pre- and post-flowering stages.Electrolyte leakage was however,higher during post- than pre-flowering dehydration in both species.Dehydration during both pre- and post-flowering stages caused a decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in both maize and sorghum.Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of both pre- and post-flowering dehydrated sorghum was markedly higher than that of maize throughout the duration of the dehydration period.As opposed to chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,anthocyanin contents increased during pre- and post-flowering dehydration in both species.Differences were however,observed between both species in the response of anthocyanin content to pre- and post-flowering dehydration.Full recovery of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were observed in those plants rehydrated during pre-flowering stages.There was however,no recovery in both species during post-flowering rehydration.This study should help understand some adaptive mechanisms developed by maize and sorghum during the dehydration and rehydration periods and contribute to identify useful traits for breeding programs.     

不同叶色石榴杂种单株叶片色素含量的比较

为了研究石榴杂种后代不同叶片颜色的成因,采用分光光度法对8个石榴杂种单株和2个亲本(母本豫大籽、父本突尼斯软籽)对照单株生长期叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素含量进行了研究。结果表明,在生长初期,叶片表现红色的4个单株花青素含量均高于对照,其中5号单株花青素含量最高,达到4.12mg/g;叶片表现黄绿色的4个单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的变化趋势与对照基本一致,其中4号单株叶绿素含量和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素的值最高,而3号单株叶绿素a/b最低。在生长旺盛期,8个石榴单株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素含量的变化趋势一致,与对照无明显差异。经方差分析,不同石榴单株在不同的生长期其叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均存在显著差异,不同石榴单株间花青素含量存在显著差异,而不同石榴单株在不同的生长期其叶绿素/类胡萝卜素的值无显著差异,可以初步得出石榴杂种后代间叶片颜色不同是由于生长期花青素、叶绿素含量和比值不同造成的。     

枫香叶片色素含量变化及其与叶色变化的关系

为了给城市街道秋季有色叶植物的选择和配置提供理论依据,于2005-08~2005-12采用比色法连续测量枫香叶片中叶绿素,类胡萝卜素和花色素苷的含量,并探讨其与叶色变化的关系。结果表明,在8~12月份,枫香叶片叶绿素含量总体上呈下降的趋势,叶绿素a和b含量以及a/b的变化趋势与叶绿素总量的变化趋势相似;随季节变化,枫香叶片中类胡萝卜素和花色素苷含量的变化不明显;随着气温的下降,花色素苷的颜色逐渐地表现出来,在2种色素的共同作用下,枫香叶片逐渐由黄绿色变成红色、深红色;枫香叶色与花色素苷/叶绿素总量呈正相关关系,而与叶绿素总量呈很高的负相关关系,与类胡萝卜素、花色素苷绝对含量的变化关系不大;叶片pH的降低也是叶片逐渐变红的一个原因。     

六个桃品种秋季叶片色素含量变化的研究

以早露蟠桃、雨花露、金山早红、红肉桃18、锦绣和中华寿桃6个桃[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch]品种为试验材料,分析了6个桃品种秋季叶片色素含量的变化。结果表明,桃叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量整体呈下降趋势,花青素含量整体呈上升趋势;同一时期相比,果实成熟期较早的品种早露蟠桃、雨花露叶片叶绿素含量较低、花青素含量较高;晚熟品种中华寿桃、锦绣叶片叶绿素含量高、花青素含量低;黄肉桃金山早红、锦绣叶片类胡萝卜素含量较高,且与其他品种差异显著(P0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,雨花露、早露蟠桃、锦绣、中华寿桃4个品种叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关(P0.05);中华寿桃、锦绣叶片叶绿素与花青素含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。     

一年生三七绿紫过渡地上茎黄金分割式紫化与其色素含量纵向变化的关系

为探究三七绿紫过渡地上茎黄金分割式紫化与其色素含量纵向变化的关系,用分光光度法检测了云南文山一年生三七植株绿紫过渡地上茎各茎段的叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总花色苷(TA)的含量。结果表明:从茎顶向茎基,茎段的叶绿素a(Chl a)、b(Chl b)和总叶绿素[Chl(a+b)]含量均表现为"降—升—降三段式"曲线,叶绿素a和b的含量之比(Chl a/b)大致呈一不对称的"双峰"曲线,Car含量表现为"不规则波动—宽V型—阶梯型骤降三段式"曲线,总花色苷含量(TAC)、TA/Chl a、TA/Chl b、TA/Chl(a+b)和TA/(Chl+Car)均表现为单峰曲线,Chl(a+b)/Car大致表现为一"V-W形"曲线。在茎中上部的黄金分割点处,Chl a、Chl b和Chl(a+b)、Chl a/b均出现低值,而TAC、TA/Chl a、TA/Chl b、TA/Chl(a+b)和TA/(Chl+Car)却均出现最高值。在茎基部,Chl、Car和TA含量都急剧下降。不同茎段Chl a、Chl b、Chl(a+b)和Car含量之间的差异均达到极显著水平,而TAC之间的差异仅达到显著水平;此外,不同茎段Chl a、Chl b、Chl(a+b)、Car和TA的含量纵向变化之间呈不同的正相关性。所以,三七绿紫过渡地上茎的紫色源于其TA相对于Chl和Car的含量优势,但Car对茎段紫色的制约效应微小;茎的黄金分割式紫化既取决于茎的TAC,也取决于茎的TA/Chl a、TA/Chl b、TA/Chl(a+b)和TA/(Chl+Car)。     

枳种子对脱水的敏感性及在脱水过程中的生理响应

为了探索脱水对枳种子萌发及生理影响,为枳种子的贮藏保存提供科学依据,采用自然脱水的方法,研究了枳种子含水量与萌发率的关系及其在自然脱水过程中的生理响应。结果表明:枳种子对脱水反应敏感,具有顽拗性。枳鲜种的含水量为38.26%,其发芽率随种子含水量的降低而下降;枳种子致死临界含水量在13%左右。当鲜种含水量降低到一定程度时,SOD、CAT活性有所增强,但含水量低于26.1%时,SOD、CAT活性下降;种子的相对电导率和MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量随含水量的降低逐渐增加,POD活性下降。     

光照和土壤对乌桕秋季叶片色素及可溶性糖的影响

以乌桕不同品系容器苗为试验材料,测定其叶片变色过程中色素和可溶性糖含量变化,分析光照、土壤及其相互作用对乌桕叶片呈色的影响。结果表明：叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量在不同处理中均呈显著下降趋势,而花色素苷含量则显著上升,可溶性糖含量先上升后下降。土壤、光照、土壤与光照互作效应在不同时期对色素和可溶性糖含量表现出显著或极显著影响。山地红壤和全光照下各品系在叶片色素变化上表现为最优,叶片内叶绿素a+b降解幅度分别为0.77、1.19 mg/g,花色素苷含量分别高于稻田土+50%遮阴处理6.47倍、1.34倍。相关性分析显示,叶绿素a、叶绿素b与叶绿素a+b含量均与花色素苷含量呈极显著负相关。乌桕在秋季叶色变化过程中,在全光照和山地红壤条件下更利于叶色的呈现。     

玉米品种穗部性状差异及其对籽粒脱水的影响

【目的】玉米籽粒脱水速率快、收获期含水率低是适宜机械粒收品种的基本要求。穗部性状是玉米遗传基础的直观表现,与籽粒脱水有较紧密的联系,探寻二者之间的关系、明确影响籽粒脱水速率的关键指标,对于适宜机械粒收品种的选育和筛选具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以黄淮海夏玉米区当前主推的22个品种为研究对象,按苞叶、籽粒、穗轴和穗柄等部位将穗部性状分为41个指标参数,于2015—2016年进行连续观测,并与衡量籽粒脱水快慢的5个参数(生理成熟前籽粒脱水速率、生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率、籽粒总脱水速率、生理成熟期籽粒含水率和收获期籽粒含水率)进行相关分析。【结果】41个穗部指标在品种间均存在极显著差异,其中部分指标与籽粒脱水特征密切相关。苞叶长度与生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率显著负相关,与收获期籽粒含水率显著正相关;"苞叶长度/果穗长度"与生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率显著负相关;果穗夹角与籽粒总脱水速率显著正相关;穗轴生理成熟期含水率与籽粒生理成熟期、收获期含水率均呈极显著正相关关系;穗粒数与生理成熟前籽粒脱水速率、总脱水速率分别达到极显著、显著水平的负相关关系;"果穗长度/行粒数"与籽粒生理成熟前、后和总脱水速率分别呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与收获期籽粒含水率呈显著负相关关系;生理成熟期百粒干重与籽粒含水率呈显著负相关关系;而穗部其他性状与籽粒脱水速率、生理成熟期和收获期籽粒含水率均无显著相关性。【结论】黄淮海区域现有玉米品种穗部性状差异较大,苞叶短、穗轴生理成熟期含水率低、果穗夹角大、穗粒数少、籽粒小等穗部特征有利于籽粒脱水,可为适宜机械粒收品种的筛选和选育提供参考。     

高温季节红花檵木叶片色素含量及净光合速率的变化

以圆叶双面红5~10 a生苗为材料,对比分析了南宁(桂南)和桂林(桂北)两地高温季节(7~9月)红花檵木叶片色素含量及净光合速率的变化。结果表明:随着环境中温度湿度和光照强度的升高,红花檵木叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量呈上升趋势,花色素苷却呈下降趋势,而净光合速率不断加强;由于桂林温度、湿度等环境因子稍低于南宁,所以桂林的植株净光合速率稍低于南宁,红花檵木叶片的返青现象也没有南宁严重。     

几种忍冬属植物开花过程中花色和色素的变化

以5种忍冬属藤本植物为试料,研究其开花过程中花色及其有关色素的变化.试验结果表明,在开花过程中,各个种的花色变化明显,花中有关色素的质量分数普遍发生明显的变化.忍冬花蕾初期叶绿素质量分数最高,随着花朵发育,叶绿素呈下降趋势;各个种之间类胡萝卜素的变化无明显规律;忍冬开花过程中在花朵中没有检测到花青苷,火焰忍冬、贯月忍冬和台尔曼忍冬花朵红色主要是花青苷类物质的成色作用;格雷姆忍冬的呈色主要为黄酮类物质的作用,忍冬和火焰忍冬随着花蕾发育到开花过程中总黄酮和黄酮醇呈下降趋势,贯月忍冬和台尔曼忍冬总黄酮和黄酮醇含量在开花过程中变化不明显.结果表明,供试的5种忍冬属植物花中各色素组分的相对质量分数影响花的呈色.     

种植密度对冀东地区春玉米灌浆和脱水的影响

[目的]研究不同种植密度对春玉米灌浆、脱水和产量性状的影响,为冀东地区春玉米高密度种植、提高产量提供科学依据.[方法]选用前期筛选出的立杆特性良好的宜机收品种(京农科728和MC812)进行耐密性试验,研究不同种植密度(60000、67500、75000、82500、90000株/hm2)对灌浆、脱水和产量性状的影响....     

黑龙江省主要玉米品种及其亲本光温反应特性研究I12个玉米品种及其亲本的光反应特性

以黑龙江省12个常用玉米品种及其亲本为试验材料,研究其光反应特性．通过对材料的每日阶段遮光处理的结果分析,缩短光照直接影响玉米品种的生育阶段。其中出苗至抽雄期遮光处理与正常光照的叶龄值差异显著,可作为衡量光反应特性的指标性状。缩短光照后使大部分玉米杂交种及自交系的花期提前,其中四早六、龙单21、绥玉7号、1134、龙系85、H172、4F1对光敏感;海玉4号、四单16、本育9号、合344、434、706、446光反应迟钝。遮光处理对品种形态性状株高、穗位高、叶片数及雄穗分枝数都有不同程度的影响。其影响大小程度依次为：穗位高〉株高〉雄穗分支〉叶片数。     

西瓜在结瓜初期光合特性和生长对不同程度缺氮的响应

以黑彤K 8西瓜植株为试验材料,研究了不同程度缺氮条件下西瓜叶片的光合特性和生长生理变化规律,旨在为检测和诊断西瓜的缺氮程度并科学指导施肥提供理论依据。结果表明：随着缺氮程度的加剧,西瓜叶片的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量均明显下降,其中叶绿素含量的下降幅度大于可溶性蛋白含量;叶片的净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度亦显著降低,且西瓜植株的总生物量减小,根冠比增大,表明缺氮对西瓜植株的生长及光合生理特性具有显著的抑制作用。叶绿素荧光动力学结果表明,缺氮处理的叶片Fv/Fm,Sm,ETo/CSo和RC/CSo均明显低于对照,并随缺氮程度的加剧而呈递减趋势,其中Sm对缺氮最为敏感,而ABS/CSo,TRo/CSo和DIo/CSo等参数对缺氮并不敏感。此外,从相关性分析显示,Sm与Pn、Fv/Fm、总生物量的相关性均达极显著水平。说明叶绿素荧光动力学参数可以灵敏检测出缺氮西瓜叶片光合特性的变化,可作为诊断西瓜缺氮程度的指标。     

干旱胁迫下两种钝叶草的生长和生理响应差异

采用盆栽法,研究了2个来源不同的钝叶草在干旱胁迫条件下的生长和生理响应差异。结果表明：①持续干旱30d后,两个材料均出现表征死亡现象,但复水3d后仍有部分钝叶草返青;②不同干旱处理显著抑制了钝叶草的生长,但宫崎钝叶草能保持较强的匍匐茎生长势;③持续干旱胁迫下,钝叶草的叶片含水量和叶绿素含量显著下降,但宫崎钝叶草能维持较高且稳定的叶片含水量和叶绿素含量;④轻度干旱和中度干旱处理能提高钝叶草的叶片SOD活性;⑤宫崎钝叶草具有较强的旱后恢复能力,抗旱性强于句容钝叶草。     

Responsibility of non-stomatal limitations for the reduction of photosynthesis—response of photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme characteristics in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings to water stress and rehydration

Water stress by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 solution (ψ _s = 0.2 MPa, stress time: 48 h, rehydration time: 48 h) was performed in leaves of two alfalfa cultivar (Long-Dong and Algonquin) seedlings. Gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, activity of antioxidant enzyme and photosynthetic pigment concentrations were measured to investigate the available photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme response to variable water conditions as well as stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis. The results showed that non-stomatal limitations were responsible for the reduction of photosynthesis during water stress. At the beginning of water stress (12 h), water was lost and then the stomata closed rapidly, which resulted in a decrease of transpiration, net photosynthesis and CO₂ diffusion. Therefore, when intercellular CO₂ concentration and carboxylation efficiency decrease, water use efficiency and value of stomatal limitation would increase. However, the decline of net photosynthetic rate was faster than transpiration rate. At the same time, the maximal photochemical efficiency, potential activity of PSII reaction center and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence declined significantly, the activity of antioxidant enzyme increased rapidly and the photosynthetic pigment concentrations changed slightly. The results also indicated that, at the initial period of stress, neither oxidative stress nor membrane lipid peroxidation was induced, nor were photosynthetic structures damaged, but photosynthetic functions were partly inhibited. Therefore, the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitations had the same responsibility for the reduction of photosynthesis. At the mid-late stage of water stress, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, maximal photochemical efficiency, potential activity of PSII reaction center and photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence decreased linearly with the decline of the relative water content. And the relative electron transport rate, the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and photosynthetic pigment concentrations declined continually. The activity of antioxidant enzymes maintained at a higher level but malondialdehyde accumulated gradually with prolonging of water stress. Simultaneously, the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence increased obviously after water stress for 24 h. The remarkable decline of light saturated point of photosynthetic electron transport, that is, the initial point of photo-inhibition, was observed in advance. Therefore, non-stomatal limitations dominated the changes of a series of physiological and biochemical reactions during mid-late period of water stress. After 48 h rehydration, all the parameters except intercellular CO₂ concentration in Long-Dong recovered obviously but incompletely, which resulted from severe oxidative injury and photo-inhibition induced by water stress even though photo-protection was triggered during water stress in alfalfa leaves. Alfalfa seedlings were sensitive to water stress and there were certain differences between cultivars.     

中国不同年代玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状演变 对密度的响应

【目的】探讨中国不同年代玉米主要性状的演变规律及其对密度的响应,为玉米品种的遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】选择中国1960s、1980s、2000s 3个年代在生产中大面积推广应用的玉米单交种及其亲本为试验材料,比较分析了遗传改良过程中玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状的演变特征。【结果】随着年代的更替,不同时期玉米单交种及其亲本的籽粒产量均显著提高,其中2000s单交种相比1980s和1960s平均提高25.7%和35.8%,而其亲本提高了16.3%和29.7%,百粒重明显增加,但杂种优势指数差异不显著。不同年代玉米随年代更替株高、穗位高以及穗位高/株高变化不明显,而植株茎粗增大,叶向值显著升高,植株形态耐密抗倒明显增强。当代品种及其亲本的干物质积累量、花后物质/总干重、收获指数均明显高于1980s和1960s品系,高密度条件下当代品系的光合生产能力（平均叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和平均净光合速率）具有明显优势。高密度条件下当代品种具有较高的粒叶比,且单位叶面积指数可以获得较高的籽粒产量。相关性分析表明,籽粒产量与百粒重、穗粒重、茎粗、叶向值等形态性状显著正相关,与株高、穗位高和穗位高/株高相关性不显著,而与生物量、花后物质比例以及平均净光合速率呈显著正相关;单交种的粒叶比和单位叶面积获得的籽粒产量与其产量呈极显著正相关,而其亲本中二者与籽粒产量相关性不显著。表明高产玉米群体的生理耐密性得到明显改善。【结论】中国玉米品种的遗传改良过程中,籽粒产量的提高是其植株形态改良和生理耐密性协同提高的结果。     

Differential Responses of Nitrifier and Denitrifier to Dicyandiamide in Short- and Long-Term Intensive Vegetable Cultivation Soils

Nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide （DCD）, have been shown to decrease leaching from urea- and ammoniumbased fertilizers in agricultural soils. The effect of nitrification inhibitors on nitrifier and denitrifier in short- and long-term intensive vegetable cultivation soils was poorly understood. In this study, the pot trial was conducted to investigate the differential responses of nitrifier （amoA-containing bacteria） and denitrifier （nirK-containing bacteria） to DCD in short-（soil S） and long-term （soil L） intensive vegetable cultivation soils. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） were employed to detect the abundance and composition of amoA- and nirK-containing communities. The results indicated that application of DCD led to a consistently higher NH4＋-N concentration during the whole incubation in soil L, while it was quickly decreased in soil S after 21 days. Furthermore, DCD induced more severe decrease of the abundance of amoA-containing bacteria in soil L than in soil S. However, the abundance of the nirK- containing community was not significantly affected by DCD in both soils. Long-term vegetable cultivation resulted in a super-dominant amoA-containing bacteria group and less divergence in soil L compared with soil S, and DCD did not cause obvious shifts of the composition of ammonia-oxidising bacteria （AOB）. On the contrary, both amoA- and nirK-containing bacterial compositions were influenced by DCD in soil S. The results suggested that long-term intensive vegetable cultivation with heavy nitrogen fertilization resulted in significant shifts of AOB community, and this community was sensitive to DCD, but denitrifiers were not clearly affected by DCD.     

前茬小麦秸秆处理方式对河西走廊地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤水热特性的影响

【目的】农田土壤水热特性是决定作物生长发育和资源利用效率的关键因素,研究前茬处理方式对后茬农田土壤水热特性的影响,为试区高效麦玉轮作模式耕作措施的优化提供依据。【方法】在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验,研究前茬小麦秸秆不同处理方式和耕作措施（25 cm高茬收割立茬免耕-NTSS,25 cm高茬等量秸秆覆盖免耕-NTS,25 cm高茬等量秸秆翻压-TIS和传统低茬收割翻耕-CT）对后茬地膜覆盖栽培玉米农田土壤水热特性的影响。【结果】与CT相比,NTSS、NTS可提高后茬地膜覆盖玉米农田0-110 cm土层播种至苗期、拔节至大喇叭口期、吐丝至开花期的平均土壤含水量,分别高5.0%-7.8%、4.4%-5.4%和4.8%-7.1%,NTSS与NTS间的平均土壤含水量差异不显著;灌浆期内,NTS的土壤含水量比CT高4.7%,但NTSS与CT差异不显著,NTS具有保持后茬地膜覆盖玉米全生育期良好土壤水分含量的优势。NTSS、NTS减小了后茬地膜覆盖玉米吐丝期之前的耗水量,增大了吐丝期之后的耗水量,有效协调玉米生育前期与后期需水矛盾,以NTS的效果更突出。NTSS、NTS可有效改善后茬地膜覆盖玉米农田表层0-25 cm土壤的热量条件,NTS调控效应更强,2010年,NTS 8:00时的平均土壤温度比CT高0.76℃;2个试验年度内,NTS 14:00和18:00时的平均土壤温度比CT分别低3.67-3.87℃和1.19-1.30℃,说明前茬小麦秸秆免耕覆盖在昼夜低温期具有保温效应,而高温时具有降温作用。NTSS、NTS降低了后茬地膜覆盖玉米农田土壤积温,其中NTS处理玉米播种至拔节期、拔节至吐丝期、吐丝至灌浆末期的土壤积温比CT分别低67.1-76.2℃、29.3-50.5℃和46.7-75.3℃,降幅大于NTSS。从玉米不同生育时期平均大气-土壤温差可知,NTS在低温季有保持土壤温度的作用,在高温季节有相对降温的作用,是减少气温变化对玉米生长发育过度影响的重要机制。与CT相比,NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了后茬地膜覆盖玉米的籽粒产量,增产幅度为11.3%-17.5%,其中NTS两年籽粒产量最高,分别达到13 470和13 274 kg·hm^-2,较TIS高5.6%-9.0%。【结论】前茬小麦秸秆免耕覆盖（NTS）是绿洲灌区地膜覆盖玉米适宜的前茬处理措施。     

1980-2012年黑龙省玉米种质资源及其杂种优势利用回顾

利用黑龙江省1980-2012年生产上年推广面积1.3万公顷以上品种分析了杂交种应用、种质材料变化、种优势模式发展历程。结果表明：推广品种有21个种植面积超过10万公顷/年,但是上述品种中只有德美亚1、德美亚2具有较强的耐密性和适合机械直收籽粒,应加快耐密性强、适合机械化品种的选育;种质材料方面地方种质（1980S占比50%,1990S占比26%,之后快速降低）和兰卡斯特种质（1980S占比21%、1990S占比42%、2000S占比45%、2010S占比35%）在黑龙江省玉米育种占据着重要作用,瑞德种质（1980S占比4%、1990S占比4%、2000S占比17%、2010S占比23%）起到越来越重要的作用,2000S开始黑龙江省种质资源快速向4大种质集中（但是旅大红骨种质应用较少）;杂种优势模式1980S 四个主要模式占比87.2%、1990S 四个主要模式占比69.2%、2000S四个主要模式占比71.4%、2010S四个主要模式占比56.8%,杂优模式类型逐渐增多,主要杂优模式比重在不断下降。