接种丛枝菌根真菌对草莓基质育苗生长及果实品质的影响

以从日本引进的“天皇御用”草莓品种为试材,在日光温室条件下研究了接种丛植菌根真菌对草莓苗期生长及果实品质的影响.结果表明:接种丛枝茵根真菌显著提高了草莓苗期株高、叶柄长及根冠比.单果重增加8.76％,草莓果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量均有提高,而可滴定酸含量有所下降,从而提高了草莓品质,改善了草莓风味.     

丛枝菌根真菌对重茬草莓产量和品质的影响

于日光温室条件下,研究了丛枝菌根真菌Glomusmosseae(Nicol.&Gerd.)Gerd.&Trappe,GlomusintraradicesSchenck&Smith和Glomusversiforme(Karsten)Berch对重茬土壤中草莓生长、结实和品质的影响。结果表明,供试真菌在同一时期的侵染率不同,同一菌种在不同时期侵染率有较大区别;无论土壤消毒与否,它们均可促进草莓的生长发育,提早开花4～12d,显著提高草莓单果重、单株果数和单株产量,单株产量提高27.6%～39.5%,提早4～6d成熟,而且有利于草莓前期产量的形成。接种处理还提高了草莓果实中维生素C和糖的含量,降低了可滴定酸的含量,改善了草莓果实品质。其中以Glomusversiforme接种效应最大。     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

以津优2号黄瓜品种为材料,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合参数、叶片矿质元素含量的影响。研究结果表明,接种AMF处理明显地增加了黄瓜幼苗的生长势、叶片叶绿素含量和光合参数,提高了叶片中N、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn的含量,其中接种AMF处理对黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、地上部生长量、叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、Mg、Zn含量影响较大。本试验初步表明,接种AMF处理用于黄瓜育苗是可行的。     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

以津优2号黄瓜品种为材料,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合参数、叶片矿质元素含量的影响.研究结果表明,接种AMF处理明显地增加了黄瓜幼苗的生长势、叶片叶绿素含量和光合参数,提高了叶片中N、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn的含量,其中接种AMF处理对黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、地上部生长量、叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、Mg、Zn含量影响较大.本试验初步表明,接种AMF处理用于黄瓜育苗是可行的.     

丛枝菌根真菌对君迁子生长及抗病性的影响

研究了在田间条件下 3种丛枝菌根真菌Glomusmosseae(Nicol.&Gerd .)Gerd .&Trappe ,GlomusintraradicesSchenck&Smith和Glomusversiforme(Karsten)Berch接种 ,对君迁子 (DiospyroslotusL .)生长及抗病性的影响。接种后显著促进了君迁子的生长 ,各接种处理的苗高、地径、副梢数均显著高于对照 ,角斑病 (CercosporaKakiEll.EtEv .)病情指数显著下降 ,其中苗高提高了 2 2 2 %～ 5 4 .9% ,地径增加了 2 6 9%～ 5 7.2 % ,副梢数增加了 1.6 2～ 2 .13个 ,角斑病病情指数下降 18.77%～ 38.34%。 3个菌种以接种Glomusversiforme对君迁子生长的促进作用最大。     

两种捷克丛枝菌根真菌组合菌剂对设施黄瓜苗期生长的影响

采用日光温室穴盘育苗,在黄瓜播种时接种2种不同的捷克商品丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)组合菌剂BF和VT,比较了不同菌剂对黄瓜苗期生长的影响。结果表明:VT和BF组合菌剂均能不同程度地侵染黄瓜幼苗根系,接种35d时侵染率分别为49.30%、37.65%;接种BF和VT菌剂的幼苗株高、茎粗、干质量、鲜质量均明显高于未接菌处理,且以接种VT菌剂表现最佳;与未接菌对照相比,接种VT菌剂可使黄瓜幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量、光合速率显著提高,表明蔬菜专用菌剂VT对黄瓜幼苗生长有较好的促进效果。     

丛枝菌根真菌对连作黄瓜根际土壤的影响

为评价丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscula mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)摩西球囊霉菌(Glomus mosseae)对不同连作年限黄瓜土壤的影响,分析了施用丛枝菌根后连作1 a(年)、3 a、5 a的土壤物理指标、化学指标、土壤微生物数量以及土壤酶的变化,从而为AMF缓解黄瓜连作障碍提供理论依据。结果表明,施用AMF后,土壤容重降低,土壤团粒明显增加,连作3年的土壤处理后相比对照增加了8.1%;碱解氮、速效钾及有机质含量差异不明显,但是连作5 a的土壤速效磷为317.9 mg·kg~(-1),比对照降低了33.5%;土壤细菌和真菌的数量相比对照有较大的变化,连作5 a的土壤中细菌和真菌数量分别是2.2×107cfu·g~(-1)和1.8×10~7cfu·g~(-1),比对照增加了2.1倍和6.2倍;土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶也有明显提高。结果表明,施用AMF摩西球囊霉菌能有效缓解设施黄瓜连作障碍,对生产上防治连作障碍具有指导意义。     

VA菌根对西瓜生长,产量及品质的影响

西瓜接种泡囊──丛技术状（简称ＶＡ）菌根真菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｕｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｂｅｒｃｈ＆Ｔｒａｐｐｅ后，促进了植株对矿质元素的吸收，改善了移植苗的质量，促进了定植苗的生长，并提高了西瓜可溶性固形物的含量及产量。接种ＶＡ根真菌可节省部分肥料。     

丛枝菌根真菌对“金口”芹菜生长和品质的影响

为探索丛枝菌根真菌对芹菜植株生长发育的影响,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,Gm)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,Gv)和根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,Gi)为供试AM真菌,以"金口"芹菜为试材,研究了3种AM真菌对"金口"芹菜根系的侵染率、根系活力、生长和品质的影响。结果表明:不同AM真菌对芹菜根系的侵染率不同,Gm真菌的侵染率显著高于Gv和Gi。接种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜根系活力。接种AM真菌的芹菜株高、根长、地上部和根鲜重、干重均显著高于对照,其中接种Gm处理最优。接种AM真菌的植株根/冠比均显著低于对照。接种3种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜叶片叶绿素和叶柄维生素C含量,其中接种Gm真菌的芹菜含量最高;接种AM真菌的芹菜叶柄纤维素、硝态氮含量显著降低,降低幅度为GmGvGi。可见,Gm真菌为适于"金口"芹菜生长并改善品质的优良菌种。     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期枯萎病防治及生长的影响

为探明丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜穴盘育苗过程中幼苗抗枯萎病及壮苗的影响,以'博杰605'黄瓜品种为材料,在育苗基质中添加不同处理的丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉菌Gm3-2孢子,研究丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期枯萎病及幼苗生长的影响.试验结果表明,丛枝菌根真菌可以有效减少幼苗发病率.接种菌剂处理幼苗的PAL、POD和PPO等保护性酶皆高于未...     

不同补光时长对日光温室西葫芦生长、品质及产量的影响

我国西北地区冬季光照时间短,日光温室内部光照不足,严重影响设施越冬茬蔬菜的生长发育,本试验使用LED植物生长灯对日光温室西葫芦进行补光,以期筛选出西北地区设施越冬茬西葫芦栽培最佳补光时长,为日光温室补光技术的研究和应用提供理论依据。在日光温室条件下,以LED植物生长灯(红蓝7∶2)为补光光源,以不补光为对照,研究不同补光时长(1、2、3 h)对西葫芦生长发育、品质、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与无补光对照相比,补光2、3 h处理显著增加西葫芦果实中维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量和糖酸比;补光3 h处理西葫芦的单株结果数、单果质量和产量均显著增加,增幅分别为11.9%、6.8%和11.5%,并且补光3 h处理每667 m^2增加西葫芦经济收入1 307.3元。综上,补光3 h对西葫芦的果实品质改善、产量的提高及农户收入的增加效果最好。     

Beneficial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in citrus seedlings at temperature stress

Citrus, a cold-sensitive plant, often suffers from low temperature, which seriously affects citrus productivity. The objective of the study was to elevate the roles of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, in growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and nutrient uptake of citrus (Citrus tangerine) seedlings under temperature stress conditions. Three-month-old seedlings with or without G. mosseae were grown for 55 days at moderate temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (15 °C). Low temperature severely restrained symbiotic development including mycorrhizal colonization, entry point, vesicle and arbuscule relative to moderate temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings grown at 25 °C maintained better stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, root and total dry weights, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, higher root volume, and more uptake of P, Ca and Mg relative to corresponding non-mycorrhizal control. However, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased only the root length and the Ca content of the seedlings grown at 15 °C. The results indicated that mycorrhizal formation had the beneficial effects on growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and part nutrient uptake of citrus seedlings grown at moderate temperature, but the beneficial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas were almost lost at low temperature.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗生长和光合作用的影响

分别以南瓜杂交种(Cucurbita maxima×C.moschata)青农2号、青农3号为砧木,以西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)品种京欣2号为接穗,对2种砧木嫁接的西瓜苗分别接种摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices),以不接菌的嫁接苗为对照,评价不同丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscularmycorrhizalfungi,AMF)对西瓜嫁接苗生长和光合作用的改善效应。结果表明,接种AMF能促进西瓜嫁接苗的生长和光合作用,其中,地表球囊霉的效应最大。青农2号嫁接苗接种地表球囊霉处理的生物量显著高于其他处理,AMF侵染率、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)等亦不同程度高于其他处理,青农2号嫁接西瓜苗接种地表球囊霉的组合在西瓜育苗生产中具有较好的应用前景。     

菌根真菌和腐植酸有机肥对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和施用腐植酸有机肥对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:接种菌根真菌能够显著提高植株根系菌根的侵染率和果实干重;接种对品质的改善表现在果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和可滴定酸的含量明显提高,糖酸比适中,果实风味品质好。腐植酸有机肥对果实风味调节效果明显。接种和施肥都能提高樱桃番茄的产量,但效果均不显著。     

叶面肥对设施番茄产量、品质及经济效益的影响

探究不同种类叶面肥对番茄植株生长势、产量、品质、商品率以及经济效益等方面的影响,为设施番茄叶面追肥提供参考依据.以番茄品种西润2007为试材,在番茄生长发育期叶面喷施5种不同叶面肥.结果表明,叶面肥均能显著促进番茄植株的生长发育,美盖美可以显著提高番茄产量,磷酸二氢钾不仅能提高番茄结果盛期和结果后期的商品率,同时也可以...     

丛枝菌根真菌对番茄幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

试验以寒盛番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)品种为材料,研究了接种丛枝茵根真茵(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Frngi,AMF)、摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae Nicolson & Gerdemann)对番茄幼苗生长、叶片光合参数、叶片矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明,接种AMF处理明显地增加了番茄幼苗的生长势、叶片叶绿素含量和光合参数,提高了叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn的含量,其中接种AMF处理对番茄幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部生长量、叶绿素含量、光合速率、Zn含量影响较大.该试验初步表明,接种AMF处理用于番茄育苗是可行的.     

不同营养液配方对阳台水培黄瓜的影响

以‘戴多星’黄瓜为试材,系统研究了7种不同营养液配方T1~T7对阳台水培黄瓜生长的影响,通过测定黄瓜的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、产量、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C等指标,初步筛选和评价出适合阳台水培黄瓜的最佳营养液配方。结果表明:使用T7营养液配方水培黄瓜可以显著提高叶面积,达到429.25 cm2;SPAD值增至47.08;结瓜数14个、单瓜质量65.08 g和单株产量889.34 g、维生素C含量145.68 mg·kg-1和可溶性固形物含量4.24%。与其他配方相比,T7增幅差异显著,可作为阳台上水培黄瓜的最佳营养液配方。     

Quantifying the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield of cucumber crop in greenhouses

Nitrogen supply can improve crop growth and yield. An over-use of nitrogen fertilizer in greenhouse crop productions, however, causes many environmental problems. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield so as to facilitate the optimization of nitrogen management for cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop in greenhouses. Four experiments with different levels of nitrogen treatments, substrates and planting dates on cucumber (cv. Deltastar) were conducted in greenhouses located at Shanghai during 2005 and 2007. Using data of one experiment, seasonal time courses of leaf nitrogen content (N_L), leaf area per plant (LA), and the number of fruits growing per plant (n_FG), as well as time course of the length of individual fruit growing on the plant (L_F(i)) under different levels of nitrogen supply conditions were, respectively, determined as functions of a photo-thermal index (PTI). The impact of N_L on LA was determined by curve fitting to the experimental data. The source/sink ratio (LA/n_FG), an indicative of the source size per fruit, was then derived from the seasonal time courses of LA and n_FG. The impact of N_L on L_F(i) was indirectly quantified by the relationship between source/sink ratio (LA/n_FG) and the elongation rate of individual fruit (R_FL(i)). Both the harvest date and fresh weight (W_F(i)) of individual fruit growing at different node, and number of harvested fruits (n_FH) were then calculated as functions of the fruit length. These quantitative relationships were assembled to form a model for predicting the effects of nitrogen on fruit growth and yield (fruit fresh weight per plant). Independent data from other experiments were used to validate the model. Our model gives satisfactory predictions of cucumber fruit growth and yield under different levels of nitrogen supply and growing season conditions. The coefficient of determination (r²) and the relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and measured values are, respectively, 0.92 and 0.22 (r², rRMSE) for leaf area per plant, 0.90 and 0.24 for the number of fruits growing on the plant, 0.91 and 0.22, 0.90 and 0.23, and 0.92 and 0.21, respectively, for the length, harvest date and fresh weight of individual fruit growing on the plant, 0.94 and 0.20 for yield. The model may be used for the optimization of nitrogen management for cucumber production in greenhouses. Further model calibration and test would be needed when applying this model to a wider range of conditions.     

育苗基质中添加丛枝菌根真菌菌剂对辣椒幼苗生长和光合参数的影响

以苏椒5号辣椒为材料,通过在有机育苗基质中添加丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)菌剂,研究AMF对辣椒幼苗生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明:接种AMF的辣椒苗根系有明显的菌根侵染,接种菌剂后显著提高了辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗,增加了叶片数,同时提高了辣椒幼苗的干质量和鲜质量;光合测定结果表明,AMF能够提高辣椒幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE),而使胞间二氧化碳浓度(CO2)显著降低;育苗基质中添加AMF菌剂可以培育菌根苗,菌根苗能够有效地提高辣椒幼苗的光合效率从而促进生长,是提高有机基质应用效果和培育菌根苗的有效途径。