黄芪总苷和三七总皂苷配伍对小鼠脑缺血再灌注脑组织能量障碍的影响

目的探讨黄芪总苷（AST）和三七总皂苷（PNS）对脑缺血再灌注小鼠能量代谢障碍的影响。方法C57BL/ 6 小鼠被随机分成假手术组、模型组、AST 组（110 mg/(kg·d),ig）,PNS 组（115 mg/(kg·d),ig）,AST+PNS 配伍组（AST 110 mg/(kg·d)+PNS 115 mg/(kg·d),ig）和依达拉奉组（8 mg/(kg·d),ip）,分别给药,连用4 d。在最后1 次给药1 h 后 制作脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,检测脑组织三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、一磷酸腺苷（AMP）含量和Na+-K+- ATPase 酶活性。结果AST 和PNS 配伍对脑缺血再灌注后ATP、ADP 含量、总腺苷酸池（TAN）值和ATP 酶活性的降 低具有协同抑制作用,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）,对能荷（EC）值的减少具有相加的抑制作用（P<0.05）。结论 AST 和PNS 配伍可以明显改善脑缺血在灌注后能量代谢障碍, 其作用机制可能与AST 和PNS 能协同提高脑组织能 量的利用和生成,改善能荷、增强Na+-K+-ATPase 的活性有关。     

蛋白质序列的图形表示及相似性分析

基于20个氨基酸的3个理化性质,给出了一种蛋白质序列的三维图形表示。在此基础上,进一步利用数学方法对所得到的蛋白质序列曲线进行了数值刻画;最后,基于这种数学描述,对9个不同物种的线粒体NADH脱氢酶进行了相似性分析。     

Three-dimensional correlation of steric and electronic free energy relationships guides asymmetric propargylation

Chemical reaction outcomes are often rationalized on the basis of independent analyses of steric and electronic effects. We applied three-dimensional free energy relationships correlating steric and electronic effects to design and optimize a ligand class for the enantioselective Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi propargylation of ketones. The resultant mathematical model describing the steric and electronic parameter relationship is highly reliant on the synergistic interactions of these two effects.     

油脂的理化特性与能量代谢之关系

用含２０％油脂的饲粮强饲成年滨白公鸡，应用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ快速代谢能测定法，测定替换不同脂型饲粮的表现代谢能（ＡＭＥ）和真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）值；用差别套算法计算油脂ＡＭＥ和ＴＭＥ值。结果表明，油脂ＡＭＥ和ＴＭＥ值与油脂的碘价、酸值、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与软脂酸、硬脂酸含量呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）．用高卵磷脂含量的油脂替代２０％饲粮，强饲成年公鸡；应用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ快速代谢能测定法结合差别套算法测定油脂的代谢能值，并换算成能量代谢率，研究其与卵磷脂含量的关系。结果表明油脂中卵磷脂含量明显影响油脂能量代谢率，二者呈二次曲线关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Maplike representation of celestial E-vector orientations in the brain of an insect

For many insects, the polarization pattern of the blue sky serves as a compass cue for spatial navigation. E-vector orientations are detected by photoreceptors in a dorsal rim area of the eye. Polarized-light signals from both eyes are finally integrated in the central complex, a brain area consisting of two subunits, the protocerebral bridge and the central body. Here we show that a topographic representation of zenithal E-vector orientations underlies the columnar organization of the protocerebral bridge in a locust. The maplike arrangement is highly suited to signal head orientation under the open sky.     

Microtubular protein: synthesis and metabolism in developing brain

In the developing mouse brain 40 percent of the labeled soluble protein found found after injection of leucine-C(14) consists of subunits with a molecular weight of 60,000 and with other characteristics of microtubular protein. This protein has a half-life of about 4 days.     

Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism

The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions.     

反刍动物内脏能量利用和代谢研究进展

引用国外有关研究结果 ,从内脏系统能量利用的影响因素、门静脉排流内脏系统的能量利用、肝静脉系统的能量利用和能量利用的稀释作用 4个方面详细阐述了反刍家畜内脏能量利用的规律 ,并提出内脏能量代谢方面的研究领域。     

Epinephrine metabolism in mammalian brain after intravenous and intraventricular administration

Epinephrine given intravenously or intraventricularly has a half-life in the brain of the rat of 2 to 2.5 hours. After intravenous administration of the drug the principal route of metabolism is O-methylation, whereas after intraventricular administration the principal route is conjugation.     

不同温度对小鼠能量代谢的影响

为了探讨不同温度条件下小鼠的代谢产热,采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪测定了小鼠在-4~40℃范围内的能量代谢特征.试验显示:小鼠的代谢特征为代谢水平较高,有较高的基础代谢率(BMR)、较宽的热中性区(TNZ)和较低的热中死温度,这些特征与该物种夜行性、喜黑暗、昼伏夜出、穴居等生活习性密切相关,这些特征限制了鼠类在极端寒冷和高温干旱的环境中分布和生存,为探索鼠类的分布范围提供了依据.同时TNZ的确定可为哺乳动物的养殖建立合理的外界环境温度.     

Operant behavior changes norepinephrine metabolism in rat brain

Rats performing a lever-pressing response for water reward in an operant situation, when compared with control groups, showed an increase in brain norepinephrine metabolism. One control group included rats which were handled and deprived of water in the same way as the experimental group but were not trained to perform the operant task. We conclude that performance in an operant situation affects norepinephrine metabolism.     

Tetrodotoxin: effects on brain metabolism in vitro

A 3-micromolar concentration of tetrodotoxin completely inhibits the stimulation of respiration of rat brain cortex that takes place upon application of electrical impulses. It also inhibits increase in the rate of the respiration that occurs when calcium ions are omitted from the incubation medium. No effect of tetrodotoxin on brain respiration takes place when stimulation is brought about by the addition of 100 millimolar potassium chloride. Tetrodotoxin prevents the fall in the rate of oxidation of cerebral acetate that occurs during electrical stimulation but does not affect the increased rate of the oxidation that occurs in the presence of an increased concentration of potassium chloride. The data indicate that oxidation of cerebral acetate is diminished by influx of sodium ions, which is prevented by tetrodotoxin, and is increased by influx of potassium ions, which is unaffected by tetrodotoxin.     

水温和雌雄配比对罗氏沼虾能量代谢的影响

[目的]探索水温和雌雄配比对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)能量代谢和生长的影响,为进一步分析与解决罗氏沼虾生长缓慢的问题提供科学依据.[方法]根据能量收支方程[摄食能(Ce)=生长能(Ge)+排粪能(Fe)+排泄能(Ue)+蜕壳能(Ee)+呼吸能(Re)]及凯式定氮法,分别计算罗氏沼虾各部分的代谢能值,分析4种水温(20、22、26和30℃)及3种雌雄配比(1:1、1:2和1:3)对罗氏沼虾能量代谢和生长的影响.[结果]雌、雄罗氏沼虾的绝对摄食能均随水温上升而升高,其中雌虾在各水温处理组间差异显著(P<0.05,下同),雄虾则表现为非相邻水温处理组间差异显著;雄虾在26℃下的绝对生长能显著高于其他3个水温处理组,雌虾在26℃下的绝对生长能显著高于20和22℃水温处理组;雌、雄罗氏沼虾在20℃下均未蜕壳,在22~30℃下其绝对蜕壳能随水温上升而升高,在30℃时达最大值(雌虾1371±272 J/g,雄虾1035±598 J/g);雌、雄罗氏沼虾的特定生长率在26℃下显著高于其他3个水温处理组;罗氏沼虾的绝对呼吸能表现为高温处理组(26和30℃)高于低温处理组(20和22℃).单性饲养下,性成熟雄虾的绝对摄食能、绝对生长能和特定生长率随数量上升而降低,且每个水槽放养1尾雄虾显著高于每个水槽放养2~3尾雄虾;性成熟雄虾绝对呼吸能则随数量上升而显著升高.不同雌雄配比下,性成熟罗氏沼虾的绝对生长能随雄虾数量上升而显著降低,雌雄配比1:1的特定生长率显著高于雌雄配比1:2和1:3;雌雄配比1:1的绝对排泄能显著低于雌雄配比1:2和1:3,其占摄食能的百分比随雄虾数量上升而上升.[结论]高温更适合罗氏沼虾的生长发育,且以26℃最适宜,在此水温条件下罗氏沼虾新陈代谢更旺盛.在性成熟罗氏沼虾生长过程中,其能量积累可能受打斗、占区和交配等生物学行为影响,且相同密度下雄虾比例增加有可能加剧影响.     

饲喂水平对杂交肉羊(母)营养物质代谢及能量需要参数的影响

采用完全随机试验设计,将15只出生日期相近、体况良好、体重均匀的杂交母羊随机分成3组(每个处理5只羊),分别按自由采食(AL)、限饲70%(IR70)和限饲40%(IR40)3水平投喂试验饲粮,试验期26 d,连续两期试验。结果表明,饲喂水平对杜寒杂交母羊生长性能及营养物质采食量有极显著影响(P0.01),但对营养物质消化率无影响(P0.05);饲喂水平对杂交肉羊甲烷排放量、甲烷能及产热量均有极显著影响(P0.01);试验母羊绝食60 h时,FHP为0.20和0.24 MJ·kg~(-1)·W0.75,NEm为0.24和0.288 MJ·kg~(-1)·W0.75。文章旨在利用"开放式"呼吸测热装置研究杜寒杂交母羊营养物质代谢及能量需要参数,为肉羊科学饲养提供依据。     

Norepinephrine turnover and metabolism in rat brain after long-term administration of imipramine

The rate of disappearance of intracisternally administered tritiated norepinephrine from rat brain is decreased after a single dose of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. During long-term administration of imipramine, however, the rate of disappearance of tritiated norepinephrine from brain gradually increases, and there is a concurrent decrease in the content of endogenous norepinephrine in brain. These findings may help to explain why antidepressant effects are observed clinically only after long-termn treatment with imipramine.     

多因子对凡纳滨对虾仔虾能量代谢的影响

通过设置不同温度、盐度、pH值和摄食状态的处理,研究凡纳滨对虾（L．vannanei）仔虾在不同条件下的无机磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率。结果表明,温度、盐度、pH值和摄食状态对其代谢存在影响。在15—30℃范围内,随温度的上升,仔虾磷、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率均上升,30℃时,氮、磷释放率最大;盐度在5～35范围内,随着盐度的增加,仔虾氮、磷的释放率提高,但盐度为30时,仔虾氮、磷释放率最低,其中对氨氮的释放率有极显著的影响（P〈0．01）;pH值在6．5～9．0的范围内,随着pH值的升高,磷的释放率显著降低（P〈0．05）,硝酸氮和氨氮释放率极显著增加（P〈0．01）,pH值8．5时,氨氮释放率达到最大,亚硝酸氮释放率无明显变化;摄食状态对仔虾代谢有明显的影响,饱食状态下磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮和氨氮的释放率比饥饿状态下分别提高了76．2％,50．0％,60．0％,94．7％,表明仔虾摄食时蛋白质代谢增加明显。     

Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase

Fat tissue is the most important energy depot in vertebrates. The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from stored fat requires the enzymatic activity of lipases. We showed that genetic inactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in mice increases adipose mass and leads to triacylglycerol deposition in multiple tissues. ATGL-deficient mice accumulated large amounts of lipid in the heart, causing cardiac dysfunction and premature death. Defective cold adaptation indicated that the enzyme provides FFAs to fuel thermogenesis. The reduced availability of ATGL-derived FFAs leads to increased glucose use, increased glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that ATGL is rate limiting in the catabolism of cellular fat depots and plays an important role in energy homeostasis.     

饮用水中添加脂多糖对小鼠能量代谢及行为的影响

【目的】研究长期饮水添加不同细菌来源脂多糖对小鼠采食、能量代谢以及行为变化的影响。【方法】选用48只5周龄C57/BL小鼠,随机分为8组,腹腔注射不同浓度脂多糖,观察采食量。进一步选用24只5周龄C57/BL小鼠,随机分为3组,分别饮用水中添加5μg·mL~(–1)大肠埃希菌Escherichia coil O128:B12脂多糖组、5μg·mL~(–1)大肠埃希菌O55:B5脂多糖组和不添加的对照组,试验周期为12周。试验结束前采用旷场和高空十字迷宫分析小鼠的运动和焦虑行为。试验结束后测定体组成,并采集皮下脂肪和脑核团样本分析相关基因表达。【结果】腹腔注射高剂量脂多糖抑制了小鼠采食,而饮用水中添加5μg·mL~(–1)不同细菌脂多糖均显著提高了小鼠采食量(P0.05),且上调了下丘脑弓状核中AgRP的mRNA表达量,而对POMC的mRNA的表达量无影响;饮用水中添加5μg·mL~(–1)不同细菌脂多糖显著降低了小鼠饲料利用率和体脂沉积水平,同时显著促进了褐色脂肪UCP-1和PGC-1ɑ的表达;饮用水中添加5μg·mL~(–1)脂多糖对小鼠焦虑行为无影响,但显著促进了小鼠的自发运动。脂多糖显著促进了海马体中c-fos和DRD2 mRNA的表达。【结论】饮用水中添加大肠埃希菌脂多糖能提高小鼠食欲、促进脂肪代谢和自主运动,这可能与海马体多巴胺神经元系统活性增强有关。