黄淮海地区大豆品种遗传改进

黄淮海地区大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是每英粒数增多、每节荚数增多、英比提高、分枝数减少、茎秆增粗、抗倒伏能力增强、粒型增大、单株粒重提高，脂肪含量增加、株高、节数、节间长度，生育期呈现先增后减的趋势，蛋白质含量没有明显改进，产量的遗传改进幅度为１．２－２．５％。相关分析表明，单株粒重、脂肪含量、荚比、每荚粒数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、三、四粒荚数、百粒重、茎粗、节数、生育期与产量正相关或显著正相关。聚     

辽宁省杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进

辽宁省从１９６７年到１９９３年杂交育成大豆品种主要农艺性状遗传改进的趋势是：单株粒重、单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重、茎粗增加，生育期、株高、倒伏度减少，其中单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、生育期、株高、茎粗先期变化大而后期变化小，每荚粒数、百粒重、分枝荚数、分枝粒数、分枝粒重先期变化小而后期变化大；主茎节数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、主茎粒数、主茎粒重、生育后期、粒茎比呈先增后减趋势；节间长度、分枝数、生育前期、干茎重呈先减后增趋势     

黑龙江省及黄淮海地区大豆品种的遗传改进

对黑龙江省和黄淮海地区不同时期有代表性的大豆品种进行比较研究,结果表明单株粒重、荚比、三四粒荚数、每节荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重、脂肪含量等性状与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,而倒伏性与产量呈极显著负相关。各地大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势在于抗倒伏性显著增强,单株粒重提高,每节荚数、每荚粒数增多,粒重增大,茎杆增粗,株高降低。     

合丰号大豆主要推广品种农艺性状的改进与变化

本文通过对1959--195年合丰号大豆15个主要推广品种农艺性状遗传改进的研究，结果表明：单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、主茎粒重、粒茎比随着年代的推进呈先减后增的趋势；每荚粒数随着年代的推进减增交替进行；生育期前期早、中前期晚，后期比较适中；百粒重、株高、分枝数、生育前期随着年代的推进呈先增后减的趋势；茎粗、生育后期呈前期和后期增加，中期减少的趋势；干茎重、秆的强度随着年代推进呈增加的趋势；分枝粒数中期以前和后期减少，中后期增加；分枝荚数、分枝粒重随着年代的推进增减交替进行；底荚高度随着年代推进呈降低趋势；节间长度前、后期短，中期长；主茎节数变化不大，后期较多。     

锰不同施用方式对大豆农艺性状与产量性状的影响

于2008～2009年利用大豆品种合丰55采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度锰溶液浸种配合叶面喷施不同浓度锰肥对大豆产量的影响,结果表明:锰浸种或叶面喷施均使株高、主茎节数表现先增后减的趋势,底荚高度随浸种浓度增加而呈现升高趋势,分枝数不施锰的处理最多.一粒荚、四粒荚、瘪荚和百粒重随浸种浓度增加呈先增后减的趋势,单株粒数随锰...     

辽宁省杂交育成在豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进

辽宁省从１９６７年到１９９３年杂交育成大豆主要农艺状遗传改进的趋势是：单株粒重，单株荚数，每荚粒数，单株粒数，百粒重，分枝荚数，分枝粒数，分枝粒重，茎粗增加，生育期，株高，倒伏度减少，其中单株粒重，单株荚数，单株和，生育期，株高，茎粗先期变化大崦后期变化，每荚粒数，百粒重，分枝荚数，分枝粒数，分枝粒重先期变化小而后期变化大。     

泸县田坎大豆地方品种数量性状的遗传变异及相关分析

泸县４３个田坎大豆地方唾骂的２９个数量性状的基因型间差异极显著,单株秕荚数,秕荚率、三粒荚型百分主,分枝荚数,百粒重等性状的ＧＣＶ值〉３０％;百粒重,单荚粒数及三粒荚型百分率的广义遗传力〉９０％,单株产量与单株有效荚数,单株粒数,单荚粒数及百粒重,株高及茎粗与单荚粒数及百粒重,单株有效分枝数及主茎结荚节数与单株有效荚数及单株粒数均呈极显著正相关。     

辽宁省大豆更替品种主要农艺性状研究

本文研究了建国以来辽宁省大豆更替品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进及主要农艺性状与更替品种产量的关系。总的趋势是13个性状中除了分枝数以外其余性状均有不同程度的增长，其中三粒英数、分枝英数、单株粒重、粒茎比、株高及主茎节数的增长量较大，生育期变化量最小。相关与通径分析结果表明，单株粒重与单株荚数、主茎荚数、分枝荚数、百粒重和粒茎比有直接相关效应。单株荚数对单株产量的直接效应最大，是影响单株产量的主要因子。     

大豆产量相关性状间的遗传相关分析

利用5个大豆品种配制的10个组合作为研究材料,运用朱军(1997)提出的包括加性、显性、上位、加性×环境、显性×环境、上位×环境效应的混合模型方法分析大豆产量相关性状的遗传效应及遗传参数。结果表明,大豆株高、节数、荚数和单株粒重的加性效应,节数、荚数和粒数的显性效应,株高和节数上位效应,株高和粒重的加性环境效应,5个产量相关性状的显性×环境效应,株高、荚数、粒数和粒重的上位×环境效应达到显著水平;株高和主茎节数、主茎节数和单株荚数、单株荚数和单株粒数、株高和单株粒重、主茎节数和单株粒重、单株荚数和单株粒重、单株粒数和单株粒重等成对性状间的表型相关系数和遗传相关系数均为显著的正相关,表明这些成对性状可以协同改良。     

播种期对浙鲜85秋季延后栽培生育和产量的影响

通过播种期试验,结果表明,随着播种时间的延迟,产量和效益均呈先增后减趋势;表现全生育期有所延长,株高降低,单株分枝数、单株有效荚数减少,三粒荚比例、每荚粒数、百荚重先增加后减少,百粒重、出籽率呈减少趋势。浙鲜85在兰溪市以及周边区域作秋季延后栽培,8月初到下旬播种均可取得较高的产量,但8月上中旬播种易遇高温干旱影响,在8月20日至8月27日播种,商品性好,产量和经济效益高。     

Variability and regulation of the number of ovules, seeds and pods according to assimilate availability in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

The number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod are the most variable yield components in winter oilseed rape (WOSR). Both the number of ovules per pod and the potential for the ovule to develop into a mature seed may depend on pod position in the plant architecture and time of appearance. The complex developmental pattern of WOSR makes it difficult to analyse. The objectives of this study were to investigate the variability of the following yield components (a) ovules/pod, (b) seeds/pod, and (c) pods/axis in relation to two explanatory variables. These two variables include (1) flower and inflorescence position and (2) time of pod appearance, linked to the effect of assimilate availability.Field experiments were conducted with the variety Mendel. Different trophic states were created by clipping the main stem or ramifications. The number and position of flowers that bloomed within the inflorescence were recorded based on observations every two to three days throughout the flowering season.On the control plants, for the main stem we observed that the number of ovules per pod decreased for a few ranks and then tended to increase and again to decrease at the end. On ramification R1 and R4, the number of ovules increased at first, and then remained constant with the pod rank. Furthermore, the number of ovules per pod remained constant along the inflorescence on the other ramifications and increased with ramifications from top to bottom. The number of seeds per pod did not vary with the pod rank at the basal positions on inflorescences and decreased afterwards along the inflorescence. The clipping of the main stem or ramifications increased the number of ovules per pod, seeds per pod and pods per axis. The number of ovules and seeds per pod did not vary with the time of pod appearance for the pods located at normalised rank 0.01-0.1. However, the number of ovules and seeds per pod can be impacted by the time of pod appearance on the plant scale. Thus, our results indicate that the amount of available assimilates was the primary determinant of pod and seed production during the flowering period. The distribution of resources was significantly affected by both the positions of pods within an inflorescence and the position of inflorescences within a plant.     

Evaluation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components

To study the effect of co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Rhizobium, on yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was investigated in 2 consecutive years under field condition of plant growing evidence indicates that soil beneficial bacteria can positively affect symbiotic performance of rhizobia. PGPR strains Pseudomonas fluorescens P-93 and Azospirillum lipoferum S-21 as well as two highly effective Rhizobium strains were used in this study. Common bean seeds of three cultivars were inoculated with Rhizobium singly or in a combination with PGPR to evaluate their effect on growth characters. A significant variation of plant growth in response to inoculation with Rhizobium strains was observed. Treatment with PGPR significantly increased pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seed, weight of seeds per plant, weight of pods per plant, total dry matter in R6 as well as seed yield and protein content. Co-inoculation with Rhizobium and PGPR demonstrated a significant increase in the yield and yield components. The results showed that all treatments of bacteria increased yield; however, strains Rb-133 with Pseudomonas fluorescens P-93 gave the highest seed yield, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seed, seed protein yield, number seed per pod, seed protein yield.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要性状的遗传相关分析

采用混合线性模型分析方法，以7个不同遗传来源的甘蓝型黄籽品系为材料配制完全双列杂交，用ADM模型对甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要性状进行遗传相关分析。结果表明，主序有效角果数与单株有效角果数以显性相关为主。主要体现在杂种一代。单株有效角果数与千粒重、千粒重与单株粒重在遗传上没有紧密的联系。每角粒数、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、角果长度、株高、纤维素含量和黄籽度等是影响单株粒重的主要遗传因子，通过单个性状间接选择不能有效改良单株粒重。     

果蔗间种菜用大豆的主要性状表现及其相关性分析

在果蔗间种条件下,考察13个菜用大豆的全生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、鲜百粒重、标准荚率、单粒荚率、瘪荚率和单株产量等性状表现,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同菜用大豆农艺性状存在差异,其中95C-10、桂鲜豆1号等5个品种单株产量较好;单株产量与主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚、多粒荚呈显著正相关。因此,在果蔗间种菜用大豆时,要增加产量,应选主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚和粒数较多的品种。     

不同来源的小豆品种在中泰之间的遗传差异与聚类分析

通过对来自中国北部、中部和南部不同纬度地区的114个小豆品种在江苏南京和泰国农业大学的农艺性状进行研究。研究结果表明：与栽培在江苏相比，小豆品种在泰国热带地区表现为株高降低、生育期缩短，百粒重、每荚粒数、和单株产量均有所降低，但分枝数和每荚粒数变化不大。从不同来源的群体来看，来自中国北部的品种的农艺性状在泰国的变异系数大于中部品种，而南部品种引种至泰国后农艺性状的变异系数最小。通过对产量因子的相关分析表明，单株荚数对产量的相关系数最大（0．75）。而其它性状如分枝数（0．30）和每荚粒数（0．21）与产量的相关系数不大，而百粒重（0．07）对产量的相关系数最小。聚类分析的结果表明，以上114个小豆品种可划分为中国北部1、中国北部2、中部、南部4个大类。显示了北部品种之间有较大的遗传差异。     

出口型菜用大豆花后需水与鼓粒特点

研究结果表明,在干旱条件下出口型菜用大豆品种始花期和鼓粒初期各灌水一次,能提高籽粒鼓粒速度,延长鼓粒持续期,促进籽粒饱满,增加标准荚数,提高鲜荚产量和标准荚产量.鼓粒速度越快,百粒鲜重、单株鲜荚重、单株标准荚重越大.