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今年我国十大类农副产品需求预测油料类:食用油国内市场紧缺,其中麻油、茶油、核桃油、低芥酸菜籽油更为紧缺,供不应求。据了解,目前国际市场上蓖麻油的需量较大、山苍子油销售活跃、花生油趋于平稳。     

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活苗的研制

使用猪场自行分离的PRRSV,进行细胞转瓶培养,收获病毒液后灭活,乳化制成油乳苗,各项指标检测均合格,并且免疫试验效果较好.     

油茶蜜蜂授粉科研成果大面积推广成功

油茶是我国的重要木本油料树种,栽培广泛,历史悠久,分布南方14个省区,总面积6000万亩,茶油是高级食用油,营养价值很高,但长期处于低产状态。主要原因是,油茶是一种白花不孕树种,必须进行异花授粉,才能有效提高结实量。因油茶花粉粒大、重而粘。油茶虽然是虫媒花植物,但长期处于“立冬、小雪”低温季节,野生传粉昆虫数量少,活动弱;靠人工授粉,成本高,难于实施;而利用蜜蜂传粉与自然授粉可提高结实率1倍以上。事实证明:油茶花因传粉受精不足,是造成油茶低产的主要原因。油茶泌蜜散粉极为丰富,超过一般蜜源植物。全国油茶林储蜜量约在10多亿公斤。是我国最大的冬     

饲料中添加不同油脂对奥尼罗非鱼生长发育、体内抗氧化能力和血液生化指标的影响

用4种添加不同脂肪源(鱼油、豆油、猪油和茶油)的饲料,投喂奥尼罗非鱼[初体重为(4.60±0.5)g]幼鱼,研究不同脂肪源对奥尼罗非鱼生长发育、体内抗氧化能力和血液生化指标的影响。结果显示:鱼油组、豆油组及茶油组之间试验鱼的终体重及增重率均无明显差异,但均显著高于猪油组(P<0.05);茶油组、鱼油组及豆油组鱼体肝脏内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力均显著高于猪油组(P<0.05),而鱼油组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著高于豆油组和茶油组(P<0.05),豆油组GSH-Px活力最低,说明不同油脂对抗氧化酶的作用具有特异性;从总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)指标看,茶油和鱼油更有利于奥尼罗非鱼的健康;除血液总胆固醇(TC)外饲料中不同的油脂来源对试验组奥尼罗非鱼的血清生化指标均会产生明显影响。     

重大禽病浓缩疫苗的研制

利用PALL滤器将灭活后的新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎、产蛋下降综合征等病毒分别进行10倍浓缩,经检验合格后,分别按照一定比例将抗原浓缩液与灭菌的医用白油配比,经胶体磨制备成三联或四联油乳剂灭活疫苗,均通过了实验室的各项指标检测。经过在隔离器进行实验室安全和效力检验,以及田间试验证明,该疫苗安全有效,抗体水平高,维持时间长,能够保护鸡群抵抗新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎等强毒的攻击。     

蛋鸡养殖场常用聚维酮碘类消毒剂的质量评估

为了建立蛋鸡养殖场常用的消毒剂实验室评估方法从而探讨消毒剂质量,本试验采用定性、定量和定量悬浮试验检测蛋鸡养殖场常用的5种聚维酮碘类消毒剂。定性检测表明2~5号聚维酮碘类消毒剂中有碘存在,3~5号聚维酮碘类消毒剂中有游离碘存在。定量检测表明3~5号聚维酮碘类消毒剂有效碘含量均合格。定量悬浮试验检测到3号聚维酮碘类消毒剂1∶100倍稀释,10 min内杀灭环境菌指标合格;4、5号聚维酮碘类消毒剂1∶100倍稀释,30 min内对5种指标菌杀灭指数均不合格。本次抽检的5种聚维酮碘类消毒剂中只有1种产品达到检测合格要求,合格率为20%,说明该类产品合格率较低,应在使用前应用实验室方法加强性能评估。     

重大禽病浓缩疫苗的研制

利用PALL滤器将灭活后的新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎、产蛋下降综合征等病毒分别进行10倍浓缩，经检验合格后，分别按照一定比例将抗原浓缩液与灭菌的医用白油配比，经胶体磨制备成三联或四联油乳剂灭活疫苗，均通过了实验室的各项指标检测。经过在隔离器进行实验室安全和效力检验，以及田间试验证明，该疫苗安全有效，抗体水平高，维持时间长，能够保护鸡群抵抗新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎等强毒的攻击。     

紫苏子油静脉注射乳剂的研制

根据《中国药典》中对静脉注射乳剂稳定性、药用辅料、乳剂粒径的要求,对紫苏子油静脉注射乳剂的各项指标进行了考察,通过L9（33）正交试验确定了紫苏子油静脉注射乳剂的最优处方,并优化出紫苏子油静脉注射乳剂的最佳制备工艺。     

丙泊酚注射液对靶动物犬的安全性评价

为研究丙泊酚注射液对靶动物犬的安全性,选取健康成年贵宾犬32只,随机分为4组,每组8只,各组试验犬分别按0、1倍推荐剂量(5.5 mg/kg·bw)、3倍推荐剂量(16.5 mg/kg·bw)、5倍推荐剂量(27.5 mg/kg·bw)单剂量静脉注射丙泊酚注射液,并对各组试验犬进行临床观察及各项生理指标检查。结果显示,各组试验犬血液学及血液生化指标变化均在正常范围内,苏醒后各组试验犬生理指标与空白对照组差异不显著,5倍推荐剂量组与空白对照组试验犬各脏器均未观察到异常病理变化。除3倍和5倍推荐剂量组部分试验犬出现呼吸抑制外,各剂量组试验犬均未出现死亡等其他不良反应。试验表明,丙泊酚注射液按推荐剂量给药对靶动物犬是安全的。     

茶叶籽油的提炼工艺及化学成分研究进展

山茶科山茶属茶树成熟种子含较高的茶叶籽油。茶叶籽油食用价值高,具有多种生理功能,是一种具有广阔开发前景的可食用植物油。我国食用油自给率较低,而茶叶籽油不仅可作为高端食用油增加自给率,而且在医疗健康领域同样具有利用价值。总结了目前国内外茶叶籽油在提炼工艺、脂肪酸组成、活性成分等方面的研究,旨在为茶叶籽油的深入开发利用提供参考。     

Feeding of prohibited substances (swill) to pigs in Australia

Objective To assess current swill feeding legislation, swill feeding investigation practices by authorities and feeding practices of pig producers who trade via saleyards in eastern Australia in order to determine levels of understanding and conformance related to current swill feeding legislation. Method A three-tiered approach was undertaken to gather information on the feeding of prohibited substances (swill) to pigs in Australia. Firstly, a review of swill feeding legislation was undertaken to highlight the commonalities and inconsistencies between the various state and territory legislations in defining swill. Secondly, agricultural authorities were contacted in each state to gather information on swill feeding investigations undertaken in 2006. Finally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 pig producers who traded pigs at one of six saleyards in eastern Australia to ascertain their knowledge of swill feeding and to determine the feeding practices of this sector of the industry. Results Areas of concern identified included (1) inconsistencies in the feedstuffs classed as ‘swill’ among states, (2) the number of producers who had been prosecuted for swill feeding in 2006 (n = 4 of 148 inspections), (3) the low knowledge base of producers who sell pigs at saleyards regarding swill feeding, and (4) the types of feedstuffs provided to pigs marketed at saleyards. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for a consistent definition for ‘swill’ across Australian states and for improved awareness of swill feeding among producers, particularly those who market pigs at saleyards.     

水代法提取花椒籽油工艺优化

研究花椒籽油的水代法提取工艺流程及其相关技术条件。以最大出油率、α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的最大含量及最低酸值为3个量化指标，探讨花椒籽皮油处理、油分离与纯化方法以及研究降低油脂乳化的技术。通过一系列单因素试验和多因素分析试验，得出较为合理的工艺试验值。结果表明，皮油处理时最佳NaOH浓度为0．20mol／L；水代法提油的最佳料液比为1：1，水浴温度为62．5℃，搅拌速度为60r／min，提取时间为60min；消除乳化的最佳试剂选用80％乙醇和O．36％盐酸，最终出油率为25．70％。该工艺其他条件与现有其他工艺的相关条件基本相同。     

Comparative Study on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Different Month Old of Xinjiang Brown Cattle Steers

In this research,12 heads of 28 to 30 months (low months age group) and 8 heads of 32 to 34 months (high months age group) Xinjiang Brown cattle steers which fed in the same mode of nutrition were chose for the slaughter test,in which the carcass traits,nutrient composition and some edible quality index were measured and comparative analyzed,a research which through comparative analysis the carcass traits and meat quality of nutritional components of different months of Xinjiang Brown cattle steers was carried out.The results indicated that the marbling,carcass grade,fat,meat color of high months age group were better than that of low months age group,the traits of the low months age group on fat color,moisture,protein,cooking loss and shear force value were better than that of high months age group,and there were significant difference on the traits of fat and meat color L^* between the two groups (P<0.05),while the differences of other traits between them were not significant (P>0.05);As high-grade beef,in addition to the traits of meat color and pH value of the chunk roll,tenderloin and striploin,each site of the meat traits on the fat,protein,moisture,cooking loss,shear force value indicators were all better than other parts,and showed the best of nutritional value and edible quality.28 to 34 months of Xinjiang Brown cattle steers could produce high-grade beef,the meat could be used as the raw materials of steak and boiled beef.     

不同月龄新疆褐牛阉牛胴体性状及肉品质比较研究

选择相同营养模式下低月龄组(28~30月龄)12头、高月龄组(32~34月龄)8头新疆褐牛阉牛进行屠宰,分别对胴体性状、营养成分、部分食用品质指标进行测定和比较分析,旨在探索新疆褐牛阉牛生产高档牛肉的适宜月龄。结果表明,高月龄组大理石花纹、胴体等级、脂肪、肉色均优于低月龄组,低月龄组脂肪色泽、水分、蛋白质、蒸煮损失、剪切力值优于高月龄组,且脂肪、肉色L^*值差异显著(P<0.05),其余组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);上脑、里脊、外脊作为高档牛肉,除肉色、pH外,脂肪、蛋白质、水分、蒸煮损失、剪切力值指标均优于其他部位,表现出了极好的营养价值和食用品质。28~34月龄阶段的新疆褐牛阉牛可以生产高档牛肉,其肉品都可作为牛排和涮牛肉的原材料。     

Biosecurity practices and the potential for exhibited pigs to consume swill at agricultural shows in Australia

Our objectives were to document the biosecurity practices implemented at agricultural shows in Australia and to measure the potential for pigs to consume swill at shows. An observational study was conducted at 6 agricultural shows in 2006 to identify the potential for pigs to consume swill. In addition, a questionnaire on biosecurity practices was distributed to administrative personnel responsible for 64 pig exhibits at 46 agricultural shows in Australia in 2005. A total of 153 feed exposure events were recorded during the 22-day observation period, of which 48 (31.3%) were identified as swill. Health status declarations for incoming pigs were required by 11.7% of exhibits. Exhibitors were solely responsible for monitoring the health of the pigs while at the show in 17 (28.3%) exhibits. Where agricultural show staff were responsible for health monitoring, only 2 of 60 respondents stated their staff had training in disease recognition. In 49 (83.1%) exhibits, pig manure was disposed outside of the showground. Our results demonstrate that current biosecurity practices at pig exhibits at agricultural shows in Australia may allow the introduction and dissemination of exotic diseases, particularly FMD.     

不同铜源对存储期间大豆油脂氧化酸败的影响

本试验旨在模拟实际生产中8％ 仔猪预混料中油脂与微量元素的添加量,分析不同形式的铜对大豆油油脂氧化指标的影响.将五水硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和甘氨酸铜3种微量元素原料与大豆油的比例均设定在8.74:1000,与大豆油混合后在高温条件下储放0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d,检测各处理组的酸价、碘价、过氧化值和丙二醛含...     

动物性油脂和植物油的安全性分析与评价

长期以来,动物性油脂被认为是造成血清中高胆固醇和引起动脉硬化的主要原因,因此,用植物油替代动物性油脂作为主要食用油脂渐成趋势。植物油的大量食用导致畜产品的加工销售受到了巨大的冲击。然而,当癌症、心血管疾病和过敏症等疾病逐渐威胁到人体健康时,人们开始关注食用油脂,寻找真正的致病凶手。作者通过对比分析动、植物油中n-6系和n-3系脂肪酸及其比值的生理作用,发现植物油含有微量有害因子,而且植物油经过氢化作用后形成环境激素和反式脂肪酸,环境激素引起雄性动物精子数量减少和神经系统异常,而反式脂肪酸可造成心脑血管疾病;动物油脂不含微量有害因子,不产生类似激素的物质。低热能饮食条件下饱和脂肪酸不会引起疾病。因此,动物性油脂的安全性要比植物油高,在人类正常食用油摄取量范围内选择动物性油脂更安全。     

Safety Analysis and Evaluation of Animal Fat and Vegetable Oil

Animal fat had long been considered as the main reason of raising cholesterol level in serum, and causing arteriosclerosis.Therefore, animal fat was replaced by vegetable oil as major edible oil.With large amount of vegetable oil was consumed, there was a huge impact on processing and selling of animal products.However, many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and allergy had gradually threaten the people's health.People began to focus on edible oil and started to find causes of diseases.In this paper we contrasted the physiological effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on animal fat with vegetable oil, moreover, studied the significance of two types oil's radio of (n-6)/(n-3), and proved the vegetable oil contains trace harmful factor.By providing valuable data, vegetable oil was proved to generate environmental hormone and trans-fatty acids through hydrogenation, which the environmental hormone could cause a decreasing in male sperm and neurological abnormalities, and the trans-fatty acids could cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Its proved that animal fat was not contain harmful trace factors and generate hormonelike substances.Under the low caloric diet condition, saturated fatty acid would not cause illness.Therefore, this article proved that animal fat was more safety than vegetable oil within the scope of normal human daily intake of edible oil.     

Seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus infection in swine and occupationally exposed workers in Punjab,India

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has two discrete epidemiological patterns: waterborne epidemics in developing countries only, caused by HEV genotype I, and sporadic zoonotic outbreaks in developing and developed countries caused by genotypes III and IV. This study was designed to investigate seroprevalence, molecular detection and the characterization of HEV by nested RT‐PCR in swine as well as the occupational risk to exposed human population in Punjab state of north‐western India. The occupational risk‐exposed group comprised of swine farmers (organized – mixed feed feeders and unorganized – swill feeders), slaughterhouse workers, sewage workers and veterinary internes. During the study period, blood and faecal samples were collected from 320 swine and 360 humans with both high and low occupational exposure risks. The overall seroprevalence of swine HEV was 65.00%, with a significantly higher seropositivity in growing pigs (2–8 months of age). The prevalence of HEV RNA in swine faecal samples by nRT‐PCR was 8.75% with a significantly higher detection in swill‐fed pigs. With humans in the high occupational exposure risk population, significantly higher anti‐HEV IgG seropositivity was observed (60.48%) as compared to control population (10.71%). Strong evidence of association between human anti‐HEV IgG seropositivity and certain occupational exposure risk groups was observed (p < 0.05). This indicates that unorganized swine farmers, slaughterhouse workers and sewage workers have higher odds of HEV infection in this study region. Percentage of nucleotide similarity between swine and human HEV isolates was less than that found in countries with zoonotic HEV outbreaks. Molecular characterization revealed the circulation of G IV and G I genotypes among swine and human population in Punjab state, respectively.     

Zinc toxicity, copper deficiency and anaemia in swill-fed pigs

Zinc toxicity, copper deficiency and an associated anaemia among weaned swill-fed pigs is described. The source of zinc was flaking galvanising from the inside of bins used to store swill before processing. The disease condition readily responded to supplementation of the diet with copper sulphate. The interactions between dietary zinc, copper and calcium are discussed with reference to the swill-feeding industry. It is concluded that supplementary copper should be routinely included in the ration of swill-fed pigs and that the use of galvanised bins for storing swill should be avoided.