微波技术对油菜籽品质影响研究进展

微波技术作为一种高效的加工手段,在菜籽加工过程中的应用逐渐引起了关注。菜籽压榨前微波预处理能将菜籽油中油菜籽多酚含量提高近120倍之多,菜籽油中植物甾醇、维生素E的含量也能得到显著提升。此外,微波预处理还能加速硫甙的降解,与传统炒籽预处理相比,微波菜籽油香味更浓郁丰富。本文围绕微波技术在油菜籽加工领域的应用展开论述。     

甘蓝型油菜抗倒性评价及抗倒性与株型结构的关系

以一批抗倒伏和易倒伏的甘蓝型油菜进行田间试验，研究甘蓝型油菜抗倒性评价指标及抗倒性与株型结构关系。结果表明，成熟期田间测定抗拉力可反映出品种的抗根倒能力，成熟期根重及根颈粗与品种的抗根倒能力也有密切关系。成熟期室内测定的茎秆抗折力矩可反映出品种抗茎倒能力，茎重，尤其是茎干重/茎秆长也能反映品种茎秆的抗倒能力。株高、茎秆重心高度/株高等形态指标与品种抗倒性有密切关系。株高、分枝点高/株高适中、重心高度/株高较小、分枝数适中、角果分布均匀、株型为紧凑型的品种较抗倒伏，单株生产力也较高，是理想的抗倒株型。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色及主要品质性状的动态研究

本文研究了甘蓝型黄籽油菜和对照黑籽品种中油821在种子发育过程中粒色及主要品质性状的变化,结果表明:黄籽油菜粒色的变化过程与黑籽明显不同,此外还发现除栅栏层有色素外,糊粉层上也有色素存在;随着种子的发育过程,种子的含油量和芥酸含量不断升高,硫甙的含量和干物质积累速度则随着发育阶段的不同而变化。     

国家甜菜区试品种在甘肃河西走廊丰产与稳定性及抗病性评价

用品种稳定性参数及高德系数(HSC),对2004～2005年参加国家甜菜区试中的5个品种在甘肃武威市黄羊镇和酒泉地区的试验结果进行了综合分析,结果表明:BTS356的丰产、稳产性好,两年平均根产量和产糖量分别较对照陇糖2号增产40.62%和39.94%,差异达极显著水平,含糖率18.73%;对黄化病、白粉病、立枯病的抗性优于对照,具有较高的应用价值,适宜在甘肃省河西走廊生态条件下推广种植.     

秩次分析法评价国家芝麻区试品种的产量性能

利用秩次分析法,对参加２００５和２００６年度国家区域试验的１７个芝麻品种的产量表现进行了分析。在 方差分析的基础上,通过对品种的秩次值、环境区分指数、秩次均方等统计数的计算,比较了品种的高产性和稳产 性。结果表明,在参试的１７个品种中驻０３Ｊ－３、６１２０和００－５１０１３具有最好的高产性和稳产性,与实际情况相符, 这些品种已经通过国家品种审定。秩次法能够客观、准确的评价参试品种的优劣,具有较高的应用价值。     

黄淮冬麦区区试小麦品种（系）的品质性状分析及评价

采用国际标准分析方法，对1998－1999年度黄淮冬麦区区试18个参试小麦品种（系）的籽粒品质、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数等品质性状进行了系统的测定和分析。结果表明，参试品种的籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量总体水平较高，沉淀值多数属于中、中低类型、稳定时间多数属于中、低类型、大多数参试品种的软化度过高，评价值偏低。     

油菜发育过程及生育期机理模型的研究Ⅱ.模型的检验和评价

利用国内3组不同年份、不同品种、不同播期、不同施肥处理的田间试验资料,对第Ⅰ报中所描述的油菜发育过程及生育期模型进行了验证.结果表明,模型对大多数生育阶段的模拟误差为3d左右,平均差平方和的根值(root mean square error,RMSE)也为3d左右,尤其对初花期、终花期、成熟期的模拟精度高、误差小.模型表现出较强的机理性以及较好的预测性和实用性.     

基于因子分析的抗根肿病油菜品种(系)综合评价——以荆门市掇刀区根肿病发病区为例

通过因子分析法,对16个油菜品种(系)的根肿病抗性和主要农艺性状进行了综合性评价.结果表明,1)通过因子分析,共提取2个特征值大于1的公因子,分别是经济指标因子和品质指标因子,二者累计方差贡献率86.637％,可代表原5个评价因子进行综合评价.2)综合得分排名与种植效益趋势较为吻合,表明评价结果可靠有效.油菜品系18Z...     

应用AMMI模型评价湖南棉花区试品种的稳定性

应用AMMI模型对2007年湖南省棉花区试QB组产量进行了分析,结果表明:通过AMMI模型的分析结果能更有效地解释基因与环境间的互作,从而提高综合评价参试品种稳定性的能力.     

甘蓝型油菜种质氮素营养效率的鉴定及评价指标筛选

为建立甘蓝型油菜种质氮素营养效率的鉴定及评价方法,筛选合理的次级评价指标和氮素营养高效基因型,在田间小区试验条件下设置低氮(45 kg/hm2)、中氮(180 kg/hm2)和高氮(270 kg/hm2) 3个施氮水平,测定了416份不同生态类型甘蓝型油菜种质植株性状及氮素吸收效率(NAE)、氮素利用效率(NUE)和氮收获指数(NHI)。各性状在不同氮素水平下对氮的敏感性不同,低氮下第一次有效分枝数的变异程度表现为最大,单株籽粒重次之;中氮和高氮处理水平下单株籽粒重的变异程度均表现为最大,低氮胁迫加大了种质间的差异。油菜种质氮素营养效率基因型间差异明显,表现中效类型的种质最多,高效和低效的较少。油菜种质间成熟期NAE的鉴定与评价应选择在低氮处理下,以单株籽粒重、单株地上干重和株高为间接指标进行选择效果明显;油菜种质间成熟期NUE的鉴定与评价应选择在高氮处理下,以单株地上干重、第一次有效分枝数、单株籽粒重和每角粒数为间接指标进行选择效果明显;油菜种质间成熟期NHI的鉴定与评价应选择在低氮处理下,以单株籽粒重、单株地上干重和茎基粗为间接指标进行选择效果明显。     

油菜品种和资源材料 对芜菁花叶病毒的抗性鉴定

在人工接种高病害压条件下,对当前生产上应用的13个油菜双低和杂交品种及14份资源材料进行了 对芜菁花叶病毒( TuMV)的抗性鉴定。结果表明,参试的13个油菜品种均不抗TuMV,但感病性低于对照品种中油 821。14份油菜资源材料间抗性差异显著,有3份材料表现高抗和中抗。大部分油菜推广品种表现的高发病率和 病情指数表明在病害流行地区和年份,这些品种不足以抵挡病毒病造成的损失。     

我国油菜产品质量安全现状及对策

根据1999、2002年我国油菜生产调查和国内外油菜产品抽样检测结果,分析我国油菜生产、产品品质现状及与国外的差距,提出了提高我国油菜产品质量的建议.     

我国油菜质量标准现状及与国外对比分析

针对我国油菜质量安全标准的现状及存在问题，与国外油菜标准进行了对比分析，提出了加强我国油菜标准研究与标准化工作的建议。     

Agronomic traits contributing to nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape cultivars

Reducing the high nitrogen (N) balance surpluses occurring in oilseed rape production through the cultivation of N-efficient cultivars is imperative for environmental reasons. In this study, seed yield and N efficiency parameters of oilseed rape cultivars grown under three N rates were investigated in field experiments performed during five years. Seed yields differed significantly among cultivars especially at limiting N supply, with significant shifts in cultivar ranking according to the N level. At high N supply, cultivar differences relied more on year effects. The importance of N efficiency parameters for yield varied owing to year and N rate effects. N uptake was an important parameter for yield at all N rates. While at low N, the duration of N uptake was most decisive, shoot N uptake capacity during vegetative growth was relatively more important under high N conditions. N utilization efficiency became more important with increasing N supply. At high N supply, cultivars with low seed N concentrations were superior in yield. Harvest index was also significantly correlated to yield across N rates; however, its importance depended much on environmental conditions. In conclusion, the specification of plant traits that might contribute to enhanced N efficiency in oilseed rape will depend very much on the N supply of the target environment and the target yield level.     

2001-2009年国家冬油菜区域试验参试材料分析

2001至2009年参加区域试验(以下简称区试)的595份品系申报材料分析结果表明:参试品系数量增长6倍,申报单位数量增长7.5倍.参试品系由常规种为主转变为以杂交种为主,杂交种比例均值达77.90%.育种中使用的授粉控制系统由细胞质不育系为主转变为细胞质和细胞核不育系兼用,2003年后利用核不育系选育的品种数量与细胞...     

Nutritional quality of some improved cultivars of cowpea

The seeds of 13 improved cowpea cultivars were analysed for proximate composition, methionine, tryptophan and polyphenols. Considerable genetic variations were observed for the contents of protein, nonprotein nitrogen, limiting amino acids and polyphenols. The globulins contributed about 50% of the total seed proteins. A significant proportion of proteins of high protein cultivars was found to be insoluble. The proteins of most of the cultivars were found deficient in methionine and tryptophan. Methionine and tryptophan levels were negatively correlated with protein and positively correlated with carbohydrate contents. The cultivars with colored seed coats contained higher amounts of polyphenols. The difference in polyphenol content between various cultivars were due to seed coat polyphenols.     

甘蓝型油菜浙双72菜用和油用研究

浙双72油菜不同播期、移栽密度及采薹长度对菜薹、菜籽产量及经济效益影响的研究表明,浙双72早播可以提高菜薹、菜籽产量,播期以9月1日为宜,移栽密度10.5×104株/hm2为佳。采薹对株高、一次分枝有较大影响,但对产量影响不明显,采薹长度以10cm为好。浙双72作为菜用和油用栽培,单位面积产值明显增加,可在生产上大面积推广种植。     

Bacillus megaterium A6 suppresses Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape in the field and promotes oilseed rape growth

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses in oilseed rape and other crops worldwide. Field trials were conducted at two locations to evaluate two formulations of oilseed rape seed containing the plant-growth promoting bacterium Bacillus megaterium A6 for suppression of this pathogen. Treatments containing strain A6 in pellet and in wrap formulations resulted in oilseed rape seed yields that were similar to the chemical control and significantly greater than the untreated seed control at both locations. Treatments containing A6 in pellet and wrap formulations also resulted in an incidence of disease caused by S. sclerotiorum that was similar to the chemical control. Both of these treatments significantly decreased disease incidence relative to the untreated seed control and to the respective formulated seed controls (that did not contain strain A6) at both locations. Strain A6 applied to oilseed rape seed in these two formulations promoted growth in greenhouse pot studies conducted with autoclaved soil. In two experiments, these treatments resulted in significant increases in mean shoot dry weight per pot and mean % total N per plant relative to their respective controls containing formulated oilseed rape seed without strain A6 and to the untreated seed control. Both formulations provided stable B. megaterium A6 (≥10⁶ CFU) and seed germination (>85%) over a six month period at room temperature. Experiments reported here indicate the commercial potential of these formulations of B. megaterium A6 for suppression of S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape.     

德国油菜高油酸育种简介

主要介绍德国近年油菜高油酸育种情况,包括高油酸育种的方法,高油酸突变体的遗传特点,高油酸-低亚麻酸育种的可能性和高油酸油菜的应用前景等.     

Persistence of an oilseed rape transgene in the environment

Transgenic bromoxynil (BX)-resistant spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was grown commercially in Canada only for two crop seasons – 2000 and 2001. We investigated the persistence of suspected BX-resistant oilseed rape volunteers in a 64-ha wheat field in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2007, 7 years after the BX-resistant cultivar BX Armor was grown. A small oilseed rape volunteer population, estimated at less than 100 plants, was observed in three main areas or patches in the field. These patches were located in low-lying areas that were too wet to plant or spray with herbicides in 2007. Viable seed was collected from 35 mature volunteers and F₁ progeny screened with BX at 280 g ai/ha in the greenhouse. Progeny of all of the volunteers were visually rated as BX-resistant; the presence of the Oxy 235 transgene in leaf tissue of progeny of all volunteers was confirmed by PCR analysis. This study has documented the longest persistence of oilseed rape volunteers in Canada. Volunteers were not observed in 2008 or 2009, because of drought conditions in spring of both years. Results support the findings from previous studies that persistence of volunteer oilseed rape populations in western Canada is generally ephemeral or transitory in the absence of seed bank immigration. However, this study shows that oilseed rape transgenes can persist in the environment for a number of years even after all cultivars with the conferred trait are removed from the market.