Evaluating a group-based intervention to improve the safety of meat in Bodija Market,Ibadan, Nigeria

We evaluated a group-based, participatory training intervention to improve food safety among meat processors and retailers in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria. An interactive training workshop was held for Butchers Associations’ representatives who were selected to pass on information and training to their group. Meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice was assessed before attending the workshop and afterwards (n = 63). It was also assessed for those who did not attend the workshop (n = 68) but were intended recipients of training through their association. Microbiological quality of meat was assessed before and after the workshop (n = 400 samples). After the workshop, participants significantly improved knowledge, attitude and practice in key food safety aspects; specifically, understanding sources of contamination and food-borne diseases, use of bleach and disinfectant and hand washing. Participants also shared information with an average of 18 other group members and improvements were seen in group members who did not attend the workshop but received training through their Butchers Association. Microbiological quality of meat sold also significantly improved after the intervention. In conclusion, participatory, group-based methods targeted at meat processors and retailers can improve meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice as well as the microbiological quality and hence safety of meat.

     

Evaluating a group-based intervention to improve the safety of meat in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria

We evaluated a group-based, participatory training intervention to improve food safety among meat processors and retailers in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria. An interactive training workshop was held for Butchers Associations' representatives who were selected to pass on information and training to their group. Meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice was assessed before attending the workshop and afterwards (n?=?63). It was also assessed for those who did not attend the workshop (n?=?68) but were intended recipients of training through their association. Microbiological quality of meat was assessed before and after the workshop (n?=?400 samples). After the workshop, participants significantly improved knowledge, attitude and practice in key food safety aspects; specifically, understanding sources of contamination and food-borne diseases, use of bleach and disinfectant and hand washing. Participants also shared information with an average of 18 other group members and improvements were seen in group members who did not attend the workshop but received training through their Butchers Association. Microbiological quality of meat sold also significantly improved after the intervention. In conclusion, participatory, group-based methods targeted at meat processors and retailers can improve meat hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice as well as the microbiological quality and hence safety of meat.     

Reflection on the history,coordination, and funding trends for U.S. public meat research: information to enhance resource allocation

A study was conducted to analyze resource allocation for public meat research in the United States and characterize the portfolio of meat research investments. Trends in the amount of public resources provided for meat research (beef, pork, lamb, and poultry) were analyzed for fiscal years 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 1997. An in-depth analysis was conducted for data from fiscal year 1998 to characterize the profile of the research portfolio. Funding levels and scientist-year equivalents were aggregated to represent the measures of resource allocation for three mutually exclusive research categories: 1) meat quality, 2) food safety, and 3) product development and processing. Data for the 1998 profile analysis were derived from a computer search based on the combination of key words and research classification codes to avoid duplication and cluster research projects. Individual research projects were individually reviewed and a percentage was assigned to four mutually exclusive research categories: 1) meat quality, 2) food safety, 3) product development and processing, and 4) marketing. As meat research evolved over the past century, considerable efforts were expended by researchers and administrators to ensure the coordination of research and program relevance. This is demonstrated by the establishment of numerous multistate research committees. Total funding for meat science increased only modestly when adjusted for inflation during the two decades of this study; however, notable changes occurred in the distribution of resources in the portfolio. Funding for meat quality and product development and processing remained virtually unchanged when adjusted for inflation, whereas funding for food safety increased considerably. The total number of scientists conducting meat research remained virtually unchanged during the period, but the proportion allocated to food safety research increased substantially. The federal portion of total funding decreased from 61.3% to 51.6% between 1980 and 1997, whereas the percentage from both state appropriations and private sources increased. Modifications in research emphasis were influenced by industry problems such as meat quality, public perceptions about food safety, the availability of research funding, scientific advances occurring in molecular biology and genetic manipulation, and the changing meat industry. The information in this paper provides administrators and researchers the opportunity to make better informed decisions about resource allocation for meat research.     

Carcass quality and meat tenderness of Hawaii pasture-finished cattle and Hawaii-originated, mainland feedlot-finished cattle

The objective of this study was to compare the carcass quality and meat tenderness of Hawaii cattle finished on subtropical pasture with those of mainland US feedlot-finished cattle that were shipped from Hawaii after weaning. Rib-eye steak samples were collected from 30 feedlot-finished cattle harvested at a slaughter house in Washington State, USA and from 13 subtropical pasture-finished cattle harvested at a local slaughter house in Hawaii, then shipped to meat science laboratory at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. Samples were aged for 2?weeks at 4°C and frozen for later proximate analysis and meat tenderness measurement. Feedlot-finished cattle had significantly heavier carcass weight (353 vs 290?kg) and thicker backfat (13.5 vs 6.6?mm), but no significant difference was observed in rib-eye area between the two groups. Marbling score (Small) and United States Department of Agriculture quality grade (Choice) of the pasture-finished beef were not significantly (P?相似文献   

肉用西门塔尔牛与和牛杂交群体的肉品质分析

本研究旨在对肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体进行肉质性状比较,以期为肉品质性状遗传机制剖析及优质肉牛培育提供理论指导。收集肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体肉质性状表型数据,包括眼肌面积、剪切力、系水力、pH、肉色、脂肪颜色和大理石花纹等指标,进行相关性及差异性分析,从而综合评价两群体的肉品质。结果显示,两群体的脂肪颜色、系水力及剪切力呈现两两正相关;肉色与脂肪颜色、pH呈正相关,且肉色与pH呈显著相关（P < 0.05）,而系水力与pH、肉色和大理石花纹呈负相关。在两试验群体间,和牛杂交群体的大理石花纹、眼肌面积、pH性状表现为极显著优于肉用西门塔尔牛（P < 0.01）。从性别比较来看,肉用西门塔尔牛母牛在大理石花纹、pH、剪切力等性状上极显著或显著优于公牛（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而和牛杂交群体母牛的肉色和剪切力性状表现为显著或极显著高于公牛（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）。总体而言,和牛杂交群体的肉质性能优于肉用西门塔尔牛;群体内比较表明,肉用西门塔尔牛群体母牛肉质性能优于公牛,而和牛杂交群体母牛肉质性能低于公牛。     

Availability, brands, labelling and salmonella contamination of raw pet food in the minneapolis/st. Paul area

The purpose of the study was to characterize the commercially available raw meat pet food diets in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area by (i) determining the number and types of available diets; (ii) assessing pet food stores and brand labels for the provision of precautionary statements regarding the risk of foodborne illness from raw meat; (ii) assessing the labels for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) required content and nutrient-related information; and (iv) culturing purchased diets for the presence of Salmonella. Sixty raw meat diets were purchased, representing 11 different brands from eight different stores. Diets were readily available in the form of raw-frozen, dehydrated or freeze-dried varieties from different protein sources, such as lamb, beef, chicken or duck. All stores promoted raw meat diets; however, none provided foodborne illness warnings. Brands varied greatly in their precautionary statements; none of the diets underwent feeding trials; and nutritional adequacy substantiation was through formulation only. The first five ingredients tended to consist of meat, organ meat (by-products), vegetables, grains and ground bones. Currently, it is required that pet foods have an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement and provide a guaranteed analysis table. Three brands did not meet these FDA requirements. Thirty-one (51.7%) of the 60 raw meat diets underwent some degree of processing including dehydration, freeze-drying or high-pressure pasteurization. Four of the 60 raw diets (7%) tested positive for Salmonella. Analysis of raw meat pet food labels indicated a lack of foodborne illness warnings. Based on these findings, we recommend that warning statements similar to those required by the United States Department of Agriculture and placed on labels of raw meat intended for human consumption be provided on the labels of raw meat pet food diets.     

平凉肉牛肉品兽药残留现状分析与对策

平凉境内塬面宽广,土质肥沃,降水量适中,气候宜人,饲草资源雄厚,是农业部划定的全国肉牛优质生产区。养牛是平凉农民的传统产业,在独有的自然环境、气候条件、特定的饲养方式下,饲养的肉牛具有出肉率高,肉质细嫩,肌内脂肪沉积能力强,大理石花纹肉品质优良等优点,是国内生产优质高档雪花肉的种质资源,也是唯一肉品具有独特芳香味的牛肉,被称为牛业“茅台”。保障肉品质量安全,让人民吃得放心,事关人民群众身体健康和生命安全,是重要的民生问题。笔者作为一名基层畜产品质量安全监管工作者,结合多年工作经验,现就平凉肉牛肉品兽药残留检测现状做以分析,并针对存在的问题,提出相应的对策和建议,望与各位同行探讨。     

不同饲养方式对江城牛肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对江城牛肉品质的影响,获得江城牛最优肉品质的饲养方式。选取年龄在2.5岁左右、健康状况良好的24头江城牛,其中公牛9头、母牛15头,根据性别随机分成3组,每组8头（公牛3头、母牛5头）,第1、2组舍饲,在自由采食全株玉米青贮的基础上,每头牛每天分别补饲肉牛精料补充料2 kg（精料补充料组）和浓缩料1 kg（浓缩料组）,第3组在人工草地上放牧饲养（放牧组）,饲养90 d后从精料补充料组和浓缩料组分别选4头,从放牧组选6头,公母各半,共14头进行屠宰试验,测定江城牛的肉品质。结果表明,不同饲养方式对江城牛肉品质有一定影响,补饲精料补充料和浓缩料后,江城牛在失水率、剪切力、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质方面与放牧组存在显著差异（P<0.05）,其他成分各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但眼肌面积、背膘厚度、大理石花纹等表现为补饲了精料补充料和浓缩料的牛肉品质优于放牧组。不同饲养方式对江城牛肉品质有一定的影响,补充精料补充料和浓缩料后,在肉品质方面,精料补充料组和浓缩料组优于放牧组。说明在饲养过程中可以通过补充精料补充料和浓缩料改善江城牛的肉品质。本研究结果为江城牛的合理饲养和提高肉品质提供了理论依据。     

A genetic analysis of meat compositions in Japanese Black cattle: Genetic parameters and sex influence

Meat composition in beef is related to eating quality and food functionality. Genetic parameters for several meat compositions including free amino acid, peptide and sugar, however, remain poorly described. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters for 51 meat components, including free amino acids, peptides, sugars and fatty acid compositions, and two carcase traits in 1,354 heifers and 1,797 steers of Japanese Black cattle. Heritability estimates were generally equivalent to or moderately greater than those in previous studies of this breed. Genetic correlations between free amino acids, peptides and sugars and carcase traits were often negative, suggesting a trade‐off between traits. Using two‐trait animal models that treat records from the two sexes as different traits, we estimated sex‐specific heritabilities and cross‐sex genetic correlations which indicate the sex differences in genetic architecture. In these analyses, 12 traits showed significant heritability differences between sexes and cross‐sex genetic correlations occasionally deviated from unity. These results could be used to inform future breeding schemes and investigations of the genetic architecture of meat compositions in beef.     

不同饲料添加剂对肉牛生长发育与产肉性能影响的研究

试验旨在研究两种添加剂在相同配方下对肉牛各组织器官生长发育的影响。选择健康的新疆周岁褐牛公牛30头,随机分为3组,试验组与对照组日粮相同,试验Ⅰ组精料中添加1%的肉牛育肥饲料复合添加剂,试验Ⅱ组精料中添加0.2%的巴尔吡尔。对肉牛骨骼与脏器组织生长发育、产肉性能进行测定与分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在腰角宽、髋宽上差异显著(P<0.05),另外,能显著增加试验Ⅱ和试验Ⅰ组的血液与复胃的重量(P<0.05);具有增加胴体重与高档、优质肉产量,提高屠宰率,调控不同部位肌肉组织生长的效果。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在育肥增重、胴体、净肉、高档优质肉销售收益上获利增加额分别为42.7、130.6、142.22、141.6和-15.8、38.2、76.1、149.7元。因此,两种添加剂对动物的生长发育、肌肉、骨骼、脂肪组织具有一定的调控作用,巴尔吡尔添加剂具有增加肉牛脂肪代谢,降低体脂的功效,可作为安全、高效饲料添加剂应用于肉牛育肥生产中。     

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in feedlot cattle

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen and recent evidence has implicated food animals in the epidemiology of human infections in some regions. While the role of food in MRSA transmission and human health relevance are unclear, MRSA can be found in retail meat products internationally, including beef, yet there has been minimal investigation of MRSA in beef cattle. This study involved screening feedlot cattle for nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA shortly before the time of slaughter. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not isolated from any of 491 nasal swabs and 488 faecal samples. This finding is in contrast to studies that have isolated MRSA from retail beef in Canada, performed in the same laboratory using comparable culture techniques. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but it demonstrates that further study of MRSA in livestock as well as slaughter, processing and retail environments is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MRSA contamination of meat.     

国内外肉牛福利及其研究进展

动物福利是影响动物产品品质与安全的重要因素。肉牛作为重要肉品来源,为人们生活提供营养丰富的牛肉产品,并且因产业链长,面临的福利问题多很受人们关注。文章根据国内外肉牛福利研究的一些资料,主要阐述肉牛在饲养、运输和屠宰过程中的福利问题及肉牛福利对牛肉品质的影响研究进展,为中国肉牛福利标准的制定以及肉牛养殖业饲养管理规范提供参考。     

Village poultry consumption and marketing in relation to gender,religious festivals and market access

This study aimed to examine village poultry consumption and marketing in Ethiopia in relation to gender, socio-cultural events and market access. The main objects of the research were producers, poultry markets, producer-sellers, and intermediary sellers in three locations representing different levels of market access in Tigray. About 3000 farm records were collected over a period of 12 months from 131 producers to obtain quantitative data on sales and consumption. Ninety-three semi-structured interviews with 58 producer-sellers and 35 intermediaries and 12 group discussions with these market actors were conducted to explore organization, price dynamics and socio-cultural aspects of poultry marketing. In total, 928 producer-sellers and 225 intermediaries were monitored monthly to examine participation by gender in poultry marketing. Better market access was associated with a shorter market chain and higher prices for the producers. Female-headed households had smaller poultry sales and consumption per household but sale and consumption per family member were 25% and 66% higher, respectively, than in male-headed households. While women dominated in the producer-sellers group, intermediaries were mainly men. Religious festivals periodically shifted local demand and prices of poultry. To improve the benefit of poultry keeping, poverty-stricken households may profit from better market access through better market information, infrastructure, market group formation and careful planning to match the dynamics in demand.     

新疆伊宁市牛肉消费市场调查分析

新疆维吾尔族自治区伊宁市的穆斯林民族占总人口的50%以上,对牛肉需求量较大。为了解当地民众的牛肉消费现状,促进边疆少数民族畜牧业发展,作者对伊宁市人口相对密集的5个城区,进行了1 000余份消费者随机抽样调查和牛肉消费情况对比分析。结果发现,伊宁市家庭肉类消费以牛、羊肉为主,二者分别占总肉类消费量的43%和29%。消费者购买牛肉时,比较关注的因素包括牛肉质量、安全及价格等方面,能接受的最高牛肉价格与年龄和收入有关。调查分析结果显示,伊宁市5城区的牛肉市场具有较大的消费空间,肉牛业发展潜力巨大,该调查分析结果对中国相似地区肉牛业发展具有参考价值。     

牛肉风味影响因素研究进展

摘要：牛肉风味是评价牛肉的一项重要的品质和感官参数,它主要依赖于牛肉品的感官特性。牛肉风味是影响消费者对牛肉消费的重要因素。许多因素可以对牛肉的风味造成影响,例如：品种、年龄、性别、饲养管理、营养水平等因素,这些因素主要影响肌肉中的脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素、脂肪含量等决定肉的味道和风味的前体物质。近年来,对肉质风味的研究得到关注。对于测定风味的研究也越发成熟,风味组学与代谢组学结合更加科学准确解析风味的形成。本文对影响牛肉风味因素相关研究进展进行综述,旨在为我国牛肉风味改善研究提供参考依据。     

高压静电解冻技术对牛肉品质的影响研究

[目的]为了探讨高压静电解冻牛肉对其品质的影响,从而对此技术的推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]采用带有高压静电技术（HVEF）装置的冰箱和普通冰箱解冻同一头牛的外脊部位肉样,通过比较解冻时间和肉质分析结果。[结果]表明,带有高压静电装置的冰箱解冻牛肉比较普通冰箱解冻牛肉时间缩短16.67%,解冻失水率减少7.0%;高压静...     

安格斯牛和荷斯坦牛热鲜牛肉、冷鲜牛肉和冷冻牛肉的品质测定分析

[方法]以安格斯牛和中国荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,比较分析同一品种内热鲜肉、冷鲜肉、冷冻肉3种形态牛肉的营养品质、理化特性和微观结构。[结果]结果表明,3种形态牛肉的营养成分和肉品质存在一定差异。冷冻肉水分和蛋白质含量最低(P<0.05);安格斯牛热鲜肉和冷鲜肉的甜味和芳香味氨基酸含量最高(P<0.05),荷斯坦牛热鲜肉的苦味氨基酸含量最高(P<0.05);荷斯坦牛热鲜肉、冷鲜肉的十三碳酸、花生四烯酸含量最高(P<0.05),热鲜肉、冷冻肉的花生二烯酸和二十碳三烯酸含量最高(P<0.05)。热鲜肉肉色深红,冷鲜肉和冷冻肉色泽稍亮偏黄(P<0.05)。安格斯牛热鲜肉最嫩,荷斯坦牛冷鲜肉最嫩(P<0.05);冷冻肉保水性最差(P<0.05)。热鲜肉肌肉横断面排列紧密,冷鲜肉和冷冻肉排列疏松呈蜂窝状,冷鲜肉肌节长度最大(P<0.05),冷冻肉肌纤维呈蜂窝状。[结论]本研究显示,同一品种不同形态牛肉的品质存在一定的差异,热鲜肉和冷鲜肉营养成分保存较完整、食用品质较好,可为牛肉产品的消费选择和优质生鲜肉加工提供理论参考。     

Toxoplasmosis Prevention and Testing in Pregnancy,Survey of Obstetrician–Gynaecologists

Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women can lead to congenital disease with severe neurological and ocular complications in the foetus. In 2006, we surveyed US obstetrician–gynaecologists to determine their knowledge and practices about toxoplasmosis prevention and testing. Questionnaires were mailed (four mailings) to a random sample of 1200 of the 33 354 members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Of the 1200 surveyed, 502 (42%) responded. The respondents were similar to all ACOG members by gender, region of the country and practice type (P > 0.5), and age (respondents were slightly younger, mean 46 years versus 47 years). To prevent toxoplasmosis, most respondents indicated that they counsel pregnant women about cat litter (99.6%), but fewer counselled about eating undercooked meat (77.6%), handling raw meat (67.4%), gardening (65.4%) or washing fruits and vegetables (34.2%). Many (73.2%) respondents were not aware that some Toxoplasma IgM tests have had a high false positive rate, and most (91.2%) had not heard of the avidity test, which can help determine the timing of Toxoplasma gondii infection in relation to pregnancy. There is a need for more education about T. gondii serological testing, particularly the Toxoplasma avidity test. US obstetrician–gynaecologists are providing beneficial counselling to their patients, but could provide more information about undercooked meat and soil risks.     

中草药饲料添加剂对延边黄牛肉品质与风味物质的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究中草药饲料添加剂对延边黄牛不同部位牛肉营养成分、重金属及抗生素残留、风味物质含量的影响。【方法】选用100头健康且体重相近的27月龄延边黄牛,随机分为2组,每组50头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%中草药饲料添加剂。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后,每组随机选择10头牛进行屠宰,取胸肉、眼肉、西冷、上脑和里脊5个部位肌肉样,测定牛肉中常规营养成分、剪切力、肉色、氨基酸、脂肪酸、重金属、抗生素、风味物质等指标。【结果】与对照组相比,饲粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂对牛肉常规营养成分粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和磷含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),可以增加牛肉中总氨基酸含量及鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸和苦味氨基酸的总含量,并提高牛肉中棕榈油酸和亚麻酸含量,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组延边黄牛胸肉剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),眼肉和里脊部位的红度值显著提高(P<0.05),西冷、眼肉和胸肉中氮氧化合物和无机硫化物类等芳香化合物的含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。试验组与对照组牛肉中均未检测到重金属和抗生素残留。【...