完善营林整地及播种造林的措施探讨

营林整地的方式和方法比较多,相关人士只需根据土地情况进行选择即可;播种造林的方法也比较多,但是无论选择哪种方法 ,事先都需要进行种子处理。本文首先介绍了营林整地的方式与方法,其次概述了人工播种的方法;最后,探讨了造林的方法,仅供借鉴。     

PCR检测技术在奶牛结核病鲜乳样本监测中的应用

奶牛结核病是一种严重的人兽共患传染病,为建立可快速评估鲜乳污染状况、追溯传播途径的试验方法,本试验根据牛分枝杆菌基因组合成特异性引物,建立普通PCR方法和实时荧光定量PCR方法,并评价该方法的性能。结果可见,本试验所建立的普通PCR方法和实时荧光定量PCR方法能有效检测牛分枝杆菌目的基因,且均具有较好的敏感性、特异性,可对鲜乳样本进行检测,且实时荧光定量PCR方法比普通PCR方法更敏感。试验结果表明,所建PCR方法可用于鲜乳样本牛分枝杆菌的定性和定量检测,这为鲜乳牛分枝杆菌污染状况和食品安全评估提供重要技术。     

提高羊草种子发芽率方法研究进展

总结了近年来国内外羊草种子休眠机理和提高发芽率方法的最新研究成果。提高羊草种子发芽率的方法可以概括为物理方法、化学方法和激素方法,其中变温与低温处理是目前提高羊草种子发芽率的有效途径与方法,具有生产实践意义,值得今后深入研究。为此,探讨了有关方面存在的主要问题,并对今后的研究方向提出了具体建议。     

公畜阉割采用输精管打结血管和精索技术的应用

阉割公畜结扎方法传统上有3种,但各种方法均有一定的利弊,而采用输精管打结血管和精索的方法优于传统3种方法,经上千例临床实践证明此方法简便易行.     

对几种犬耳血肿治疗方法的体会

犬的耳血肿在犬的各种疾病中并不多见,但是如果该病不及时治疗,或治疗方法不当,就会进一步恶化,发展成为化脓、坏死及增生.所以恰当的治疗方法至关重要,目前国内外治疗耳血肿的方法有很多种,每种方法各有利弊,效果不一.笔者总结了在临床中治疗犬耳血肿的四种常用方法,并加以个人对各种方法的改进及总结,现介绍如下.     

浅议数据挖掘方法

数据挖掘的研究融合了多个不同学科领域的技术成果,其方法由人工智能、机器学习的方法发展而来,结合传统的统计分析方法、模糊数学方法及可视化技术,以数据源为研究对象,形成了以下几种数据挖掘的方法。1.统计分析方法统计分析方法是利用统计学原理对数据库中的数据进行分析,从而找出它们之间的关系和规律的方法。统计分析一直是分析空间数据的常用方法,侧重空间物体和现象的非空间特性分析。统计分析方法包括线性与非线性分析、相关分析、回归分析、差异分析、判别分析、Bayes网络等。统计分析方法的缺点是难以处理字符型数     

全闭锁群体继代选育和开放式选育效果比较

本文比较全闭锁群体继代选育(下称方法1)和开放式选育(下称方法2)对两个杜洛克种猪群的选育效果.结果表明: 两种选育方法都取得较好的选育效果,其中方法1公母猪平均世代进展膘厚分别为8.09%和7 .71%,日增重分别为6.04%和4.16%;方法2公母猪平均世代进展膘厚分别为4.57%和3.3 1%,日增重分别为3.92%和3.84%,膘厚和日增重的遗传进展方法1比方法2快,方法1比较平稳,而方法2出现跳跃式进展,方法1的繁殖性能有下降的趋势,方法2繁殖性能没有变化 .     

饲料微生物添加剂——地衣芽孢杆菌检验方法验证初探

依据NY/T 1461—2007《饲料微生物添加剂地衣芽孢杆菌》所提供方法,开展饲料中地衣芽孢杆菌检验的方法验证,确定该方法的可行性。经过菌落特性检验、革兰氏染色检验及生化鉴定,对方法的排他性进行确认;通过营养琼脂倾注法,对3个不同产品开展了方法的包容性进行了考察,对同一样品的重复测定6次,开展了检验方法的准确度考察方法的重复性相对偏差在0～21%,中间精密度相对偏差为13.5%。通过确认表明该检测方法结果准确可靠,重复性好,适用于本实验室开展饲料中地衣芽孢杆菌的质量检验要求。     

给犬投药的方法

当我们的爱犬生病时,常需要给它们喂一些口服药,但犬毕竟与人不同,它不会积极配合你,如果掌握不好正确的投药方法,有时你忙了半天,结果还是无济于事,如果不讲究方法,还可能会把它弄烦了误伤了自己。给病犬投药的方法很多,应根据药物的剂型、剂量及病状而选用适当的方法。常用的投药方法有以下几种:     

三种方法治疗奶牛胎儿干尸化效果比较

采用3种方法共治疗胎儿干尸化患病奶牛6例,其中完全治愈3例,配种后不孕2例,死亡1例。3种治疗方法中,方法3治疗效果较理想,方法2次之,方法1效果较差。     

鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡vNDV攻击后免疫病理学变化

本文对鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡新城疫强毒攻击后,其血清,泪液,气管液,肠液,胆汁的ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗本滴度;胸腺,法氏囊,脾脏,哈德尔腺,盲肠扁桃体的Ｔ细胞,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量以及免疫保护情况进行了检测。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

Studies on the Haematology and Trace Element Status of Adult Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China

Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants.     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

肉仔鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数研究

通过研究日粮中色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡及血清尿素氮含量的影响，探讨不同生长阶段不同性别肉仔鸡色氨酸的需求参数。试验期８周。结果表明：日粮中色氨酸达到适宜水平时，肉鸡的平均日增重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）、料肉比降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；色氨酸水平过高则不能继续改善其生产性能，甚至造成负效应。在３～６周龄及６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数高于母鸡。日粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），不同性别肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据各项指标的测定结果，建议在０～３周龄，肉鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２１％；在３～６周龄，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２０％，母鸡为０．１８％；在６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．１８％，母鸡为０．１６％。采用去盲肠成年种公鸡测定基础日粮（玉米—玉米蛋白粉）中色氨酸的消化率，并计算出不同性别肉鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数。