森林调查新技术——“3S”集成技术

１“３S”集成技术“３S”技术指GPS（全球定位系统）、RS（遥感技术）、GIS（地理信息系统）及其集成技术，三者紧密结合构成一个对地观测、处理分析、制图系统。GIS、GPS、RS的结合与集成是从整体上解决空间对地观测的理想手段，“３S”及集成技术是当今国内外地学界高新技术之一。１．１GPS即所谓的“授时与测距系统／全球定位系统（NavigationsystemTimingandRanging／Globalpasitionsystem－NAVTAK／GPS）通称全球定位系统。GPS定位特点：①全球地面连续覆盖；２４颗均匀分布的卫星保证地面上任何地点、任何时刻最少可…     

浅谈GPS在林业工作中的应用

GPS是全球定位系统的简称。简要阐述了GPS技术的概念和特点,详细介绍了GPS在森林资源连续清查、林地管理、作业设计和检查验收等林业工作中的应用,以及GPS在毁林案件勘察、森林防火、病虫害防治中的应用。     

GPS在森林生态建设中的应用

GPS是导航卫星测时和测距/全球定位系统的简称.全球地面连续覆盖,全天候实时、动态导航、定位,其技术应用已经很广泛,在生态建设中的应用发展也很快,实时定位速度快,操作简单,观测简便.     

高精度GPS在林业中的应用

GPS(又叫NAVSTAR/GPS)是英文NavigationSystemwithTimeAndRangang/GlobalPositioningSystem的缩写。是美国军方耗资100亿美元,以军用为目的的于1973年开始开发布设的卫星定位、导航网络系统。但随时间的推移,GPS全球定位系统已经突破了军用的范畴,变成了一种人人可用的资源。任何人只要拥有GPS的接收机,无论何时何地都可以无偿地利用。自20世纪80年代开始,国内外广泛开展GPS应用方法研究和应用探索,目前我国测绘局、铁道部、交通部、能源部、煤炭部、建设部、农业部系统及城市的测绘、勘察设计、规划和市政等部门的众多单位都已…     

激光扫描仪结合GPS/IMU在地面三维形状测量中的应用

阐述了开发使用比全站仪更为灵活的车载GPS/IMU(全球定位系统/惯性导航系统)结合地面型三维激光扫描仪,在地面三维形状测量的应用,并就系统构成,数据解析、检证、量测精度等进行了探讨。     

GPS在公路工程控制测量中的应用

GPS全球定位系统是美国研制并在1994年投入使用的卫星导航与定位系统,其应用技术已遍及国内外的各个领域。在测量领域GPS系统已广泛用于大地测量、工程测量、航空投影测量以及地形测量等方面。     

GPS功能及其在水土保持中的应用

全球定位系统GPS具有路标、路线、方向、速度、导向、追踪、计算机上/下载数据和地图等功能，在水土保持综合调查、水土保持工程规划设计、水土流失动态监测和水土保持工程验收中具有广泛的用途，随着RS和GIS集成技术的深化，GPS在水土保持中的应用将更加广泛和深入。     

GPS点测量数据图斑图形与面积自动生成

近年来,随着遥感、全球定位系统、地理信息系统（即3S技术）的迅猛发展,3S技术在林业资源管理、规划设计、工程管理、荒漠化监测、沙化监测等各方面得到了广泛的应用.特别是地理信息系统和全球定位系统,因其高效、快捷、准确性高等特点更是备受欢迎.GPS定位测量已经大部分取代了罗盘测量,尤其是在图斑面积测量过程中.但如何利用GPS测量坐标数据快速便捷的形成地理图斑、自动完成面积计算值得考虑.下面以信息系统MAPINFO作为平台讨论GPS数据的成图过程.     

GPS在林业上的应用

１GPS概述GPS，其含义为“卫星测时和测距导航全球定位系统”，通称全球定位系统，是２０世纪７０年代由美国陆海空三军联合研制的新一代卫星导航定位系统。其主要目的是为陆、海、空三大领域提供实时、全天候和全球性的导航服务，为用户连续提供精确的位置、速度和时间的信息，从根本上解决了人类在地球上的导航和定位问题。随着科技的不断发展，GPS技术越来越多地运用到社会的各行各业。１．１GPS的主要特点及用途GPS的主要特点有３个：一是全球地面连续覆盖。２４颗均匀分布的卫星保证地面上任何地点、任何时刻最少可以接受４颗以…     

GPS在样地定位中的应用

就GPS（全球定位系统）单机导航样地定位的方法、精度、效率等问题进行了探讨。     

安徽板栗产销状况及发展前景与对策探讨

安徽省是全国板栗的主产区之一。近十多年来。我省板栗在面积和产量上有了大幅度的提高。产销两旺。但要做到未雨绸缨,控制规模,提高现有板栗林的单位面积产量和效益．必须加快推广先进技术。加快鼠种推广步伐。调整品种结构。大力发展贮藏和深加工,积极创建品牌,建立营销体系。开拓市场销路，提高我省板栗在国内、国际市场上的竞争力,提高经济效益。     

Perceptions of Small Private Forest Owner’s Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity to Environmental Disturbances and Climate Change: Views from a Heterogeneous Population in Southern Quebec,Canada

A study on the perception of vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change (CC) was realised among 27 small private forest owners (SPFOs) of a region in southern Quebec. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with SPFOs of diverse profiles to better understand their perception of environmental disturbances and their needs to improve forest management in relation to global change and more precisely to CC. The main purpose of the research was to better understand whether perceptions of vulnerability and adaptive capacity to CC can constitute a barrier to proactive actions toward adaptation. Qualitative data shows a spectrum of attitudes and perceptions which highlight how SPFOs identify different potential and actual disturbances and assess the risk they represent for their forest-based activities. It shows how place-based experiences of environmental disturbances shape perceptions of vulnerability and capacity to adapt to disturbances. Factors such as access to financial resources and perceived resilience of forest ecosystem influence perceived adaptive capacity. Most SPFOs who participated in the research do not perceive their forest or forest-based activities to be vulnerable to CC, which may constitute a barrier to proactive adaptation to CC. The awareness of CC as a general phenomenon does necessarily translate into adaptation in forestry practices. Yet, many participants expressed a need for better access to knowledge and financial support to improve adaptive capacities to CC and broader environmental or economic stressors.     

林木低磷胁迫适应机制研究进展

土壤有效磷缺乏在自然环境中是一种非常普遍的现象,近年来世界各国针对植物的觅磷和耐磷机制进行了大量研究,然而目前相关的综述性报道多限于农作物,对林木低磷胁迫适应性的综述性报道尚不多见。在长期进化过程中,林木为利用土壤中现有的含量极低的有效磷,形成了各种适应低磷胁迫的机制。文中从林木根系的形态学变化、根系分泌物对土壤难溶性磷的活化作用、林木对土壤低浓度有效磷的吸收利用以及应对低磷胁迫的遗传调控等方面综述了低磷环境中林木的适应机制,为揭示林木对缺磷环境的适应机理、发掘林木自身对土壤有效磷高效率的吸收利用能力、以及进一步筛选林木的磷高效品种和合理经营管理人工林提供参考。     

我国农业的一次思想革命——林农牧渔副新排列次序论引发的思考

作者介绍了林农牧渔副新排列次序的论点，认为这个新论，点将唤起全社会重新思考森林的作用和加强林业的意识；纠正小农业思想和做法，认真推行大农业发展战略；重视山区建设，解决水利命脉问题；改变我国农民只会耕田，不会耕山的传统习惯，学会合理经营山区和草原。     

不同种源树木径向生长对气候变化响应研究进展

树种群体的地理变异是林木选择育种的基础,研究不同种源径向生长的气候敏感性,对于种子调拨及优良种源的选择具有重要意义。本文综述了不同种源径向生长对气候变化的长期和短期响应,指出同一树种不同种源对气候变化具有不同的响应特征。利用不同种源径向生长对气候变化的响应,可指导未来气候下的种源选择。然而,国内有关同一树种不同种源对气候变化的响应研究仍十分缺乏,树木种源生长对气候变化的响应研究亟待进一步深入开展。采用树轮气候学方法探讨不同树木种源径向生长对气候变化的响应,可有效促进我国森林培育管理,指导选择生产力高、适应性强的种源用于更新造林。     

板栗优质高产途径及其技术措施的研究

增加结果母枝粗度、减少生理落果、改善内腔光照条件、适当控制树冠体积、提高栗棚内的栗果数与栗果重、缩短由小年到大年的时间,以及适时防治病虫害是板栗优质高产的有效途径。同时提出了实现各途径的主要技术措施。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

福建毛竹林生态培育与生态系统管理

针对福建毛竹林经营中存在的生态经济问题,提出毛竹林生态培育和生态系统管理的经营理念,旨在改变不合理的管理措施,因山因林制宜,切忌推广一种固定的经营模式.重建竹林生态系统的优化结构与功能体系,增加物种多样性,增强系统的自我调控能力,促进生物良性循环,提高竹林的抗逆性,确保毛竹林丰产、稳产,提高生态经济效益.     

Forest soils research and changing societal needs and values

The 10th North American Forest Soils Conference was held in Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, 20–24 July 2003. These conferences, held at 5-year intervals since 1958, are intended to provide a forum to discuss and summarize the state of knowledge on selected topics related to forest soils. Approximately 60 papers were presented on a variety of topics related to understanding and managing soils that support forests with particular emphasis given to field research, soil carbon, and site management/classification. We discuss the topics of this conference in relation to earlier ones and conclude that advances are made unevenly and that there is a need for new approaches to investigating many of the topics. We note the change in forest management that has occurred since the first of these conferences and the resulting changes needed in our approach to research and management. The need for interaction of scientists and clientele groups is noted as necessary for development of sound management and research policy. The interaction of scientific disciplines is needed to attack problems that have been difficult to elucidate. The challenge to forest soil scientists is to mesh their scientific interests with the needs of society to obtain the resources needed to advance science and provide information that will improve forest management.     

安徽省经济林产业应对WTO的探讨

我省经济林产品具有资源、价格和区位优势。在加入WTO后，经济林产品面临着机遇与挑战并存。虽然近几年内经济林产品的主要市场还在国内。我们既要稳定和强化国内市场，还要积极开拓国际市场。必须优化生产布局，调整品种结构，加快品种改良，突出名特优产品的开发力度；加强技术培训，加快绿色、有机产品基地建设；大力发展加工业，加快产品的商品化处理；改革流通体制，培育和健全中介市场组织，制定对经济林产品的优惠政策和保护措施。