柴达木盆地草地资源及草业生产发展方向与对策

柴达木盆地草地面积722.22万公顷,占土地总面积的27.68％,草地可利用面积512.527万公顷,占草地总面积和土地总面积的70.96％和19.64％。草地资源利用及草业生产中存在的问题是草地资源破坏严重,生态环境恶化;草地生产结构不合理,生产水平低;草地水利建设力度趋缓,重建轻管;草地基本建设投资少,重用轻养。应采取的对策是:建立和完善草地农业系统,大力发展草地水利建设,加强草业生产技术推广,提高草业生产机械化水平,加快草地资源保护的法制建设,鼓励个人和企业投资草业生产。     

南方草业发展应关注的几个问题

中国南方天然草地总面积为7 958万hm2,草地总面积占土地总面积的30.51%。南方水热条件好,生长期长,70%以上的土地为丘陵和山地,适于草地的开发和利用。但南方草业发展的主要限制因素有:1)国家政策对草业发展的影响;2)草地生产链条长、科技含量高;3)南方草地的生产多为草地与农田的耦合生产,产业化程度高;4)南方草业生产缺乏政府的认识和重视。     

谈谈万亩以上成片草场的开发和利用——在湖南桑植县南滩草场开发利用研讨会上的发言(摘要)

1万亩以上成片草场的现状与特点1.1草场现状湖南省是南方草地资源大省,现有各类草地资源637.3万公顷,占土地总面积的30%。其中可利用面积为566.6万公顷,约为草地总面积的88%。集中连片1万亩(666.7公顷)以上的成片草场有596处,占全省草场总面积的13.55%;其中5～10万亩(3333.3～6666.7公顷)的成片草场有31处,10万亩(6666.7公顷)以上的成片草场有8处。1.2草场特点一是海拔高。湖南省成片草场大多位于湘西地区,所处海拔较高,大多数在海拔800米以上的山区。如桑植南滩牧场平均海拔800～1300米,城步南山牧场海拔1760米。二是集中于山区或贫困区。…     

祁连县牦牛产业基本情况情调查

祁连县位于青海省东北部,海北藏族自治州西北部,东与门源、大通县接壤,南与海晏、刚察县相连,西与天峻县为邻,北及西北与甘肃省酒泉、肃南、民乐、山丹县为界,县域土地总面积1.478万km2,折合147.81万hm2,占全州土地总面积的43%,占全省土地总面积的2.11%.全县耕地面积2306.67hm2,占土地总面积的0.15%,林业用地面积16.74万hm2,占11.3%;天然草地面积117.6万hm2,占79.56%;水域、工矿及居用地等2466.67hm2,占0.16%;未利用地12.99万hm2,占8.78%.由此可见全县牧草地比例大,在土地结构中占很大比例.全县天然草地面积117.61万hm2,可利用草地面积100.59万hm2,在可利用草地面积中,冬春草地面积50.31万hm2,夏秋草地面积50.28万hm2.县境天然草地以山地草旬类草地为主体.     

榆林市白绒山羊发展现状、存在的问题及其对策

榆林市位于陕西最北部,辖1区11县,222个乡镇,总人口351万人,总面积43 578平方千米。榆林市草地资源丰富,畜牧业历史悠久,优势突出,是陕西省重点畜牧业基地。全市有天然草地163.7万公顷,人工草地49.3公顷,草地总面积占全市总土地面积的37%,是陕西省草地面积的31%。截至2008年底,全市牲畜饲养总量897万头（只）。     

海西州草地生态建设的对策及建议

<正>一、海西州草地生态资源现状海西州共有天然草场969.364万公顷,占全州土地面积的29.6%,其中可利用草地面积731.5万公顷,占全州天然草场面积的75.5%,草地类型分为6个类,7个亚类,19个草场组,50个草场型。6类草     

荷兰的草地畜牧业管理模式

荷兰是一个人多地少的小国,人口密度每平方公里高达392人,是世界上高密度人口国家之一.全国拥有农用土地约249万公顷,占到国土总面积的60%,其中草地面积约133万公顷,占农用土地的53%,草地中人工草地比重高达80%以上,号称该国的绿色黄金.     

青海草业可持续发展的分区布局

青海省草地总面积为4212.72×104hm2,草地面积占全省国土总面积的60.47%,占全国草地总面积的10.72%。丰富的草地资源是青海经济社会可持续发展的重要基础。青海草业的可持续发展,即包括天然草地的合理利用和草地畜牧业的可持续发展,也包括农区和半农半牧区饲草料生产和农区畜牧业的可持续发展。     

海西州草地生态建设的对策及建议

<正>一、海西州草地生态资源现状海西州共有天然草场969.364万公顷,占全州土地面积的29.6%,其中可利用草地面积731.5万公顷,占全州天然草场面积的75.5%,草地类型分为6个类,7个亚类,19个草场组,50个草场型。6类草     

迭部县天然草地退化现状与治理对策

迭部县是半农半牧县,地处青藏高原与黄土高原的结合处,海洋性与大陆性气候的过渡带上,海拔在1 600～4 900m,全县土地面积48.3万公顷,其中草地面积15.7万公顷,占总面积的32.2%,草地分为亚高山草甸草地、灌丛草地、山地草地三类.年平均气温在3～11℃;年降水量在450～800mm.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。