河南省遂平县部分奶牛场弓形虫病血清学调查

弓形虫病为重要的人畜共患性寄生虫病之一,奶牛为重要的宿主之一,奶牛弓形虫病对人类公共健康造成一定的威胁。于2017—2018年应用IHA法对遂平县部分地区奶牛弓形虫病流行情况进行调查。结果显示,该地区被检测的672份奶牛血清样品中共72份为弓形虫病抗体阳性,平均阳性率为10.71%(72/672),2017年和2018年奶牛弓形虫病阳性率分别为12.59%和9.51%;不同规模奶牛场弓形虫病阳性率存在较大差异,散养户较规模奶牛场高,分别为15.03%和10.02%。此外,养猫的奶牛场弓形虫病阳性率较不养猫的奶牛场高,分别为13.87%和6.51%。     

弓形虫病的流行情况和预防

弓形虫病是一种人畜共患病,它对于优生优育的危害最严重。犬为刚地弓形虫中间宿主,猫为终末宿主,随着经济的发展,养宠物的人越来越多,弓形虫病发病率逐年升高,这一疾病也应受到重视。本文从弓形虫病的病原学,流行情况和预防进行综述,为进一步了解和防治弓形虫病提供参考。     

鸟弓形虫病的研究进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种可寄生于包括鸟类在内的多种宿主、引起人兽共患弓形虫病的原虫.本文就鸟弓形虫病的发现、临床症状、血清学诊断、鸟弓形虫病人工感染模型的建立进行了概述,特别是对近年来基于PCR技术而发展起来的分子生物学技术在其基因型鉴定上的应用作了介绍.表明鸟类自然感染弓形虫病在世界范围内呈流行趋势,值得我们重视.     

野生动物弓形虫病研究进展

弓形虫是一种重要的胞内寄生原虫,可以感染几乎所有的温血动物.食肉性动物中猫科动物对弓形虫病的传播起着重要的作用,它是惟一的可以排泄含有弓形虫的卵囊到环境中的动物,进而使全世界的人和动物都有机会感染弓形虫病,而草食性动物和杂食性动物则是重要的中间宿主.然而野生动物感染弓形虫病之后往往缺少明显的临床症状,很难在第一时间判断出是否感染弓形虫.野生动物关系到整个生态系统的稳定,对整个生物界起着至关重要的作用,应该引起我们极大的关注和重视.论文就弓形虫在野生动物中的感染情况及临床症状加以概括,为其在野生动物中的流行趋势、诊断和防控的深入研究提供资料.     

河北省家畜弓形虫病的流行病学调查

应用间接血凝试验(IHA)对河北省家畜弓形虫病进行了检测，共检测猪血清1300份，其中阳性血清464份，阳性率达35．699／5；绵羊血清222份，阳性57份，阳性率25．68％；山羊血清100份，阳性10份，阳性率10．00％；牛血清30份，阳性8份，阳性率26．67％；马血清43份，阳性1份，阳性率2．33％；骡血清28份，阳性1份，阳性率3．57％；驴血清33份，阳性2份。阳性率6．06％。     

犬猫弓形虫病的流行及防控

对近年来国内各地犬猫弓形虫流行病学调查资料进行综合分析,阐述了其流行现状及发展趋势,并提出了综合性预防控制措施。     

实验用兔弓形虫病血清学调查

兔弓形虫病的病原为刚地弓形虫。本病是一种世界性分布的人畜共患原虫病，在多种动物和人中广泛传播，对人畜和兔的危害相当严重。本病临床表现复杂，诊断较难。建立准确快速的诊断方法是控制弓形虫病的重要措施之一，在临床工作中以病原诊断作为弓形虫病的诊断依据存在很大困难，故目前多采用免疫学诊断方法，敏感性高和特异性强的血清学检测方法，能够准确地检测出阳性兔和评定兔群的感染率，为兔弓形虫病的免疫诊断和预防控制提供了科学依据。本实验主要是通过IHA（间接血凝试验）实验用兔血样进行检测。     

荆州市鸡弓形虫病的流行现状与分析

为了解荆州市鸡弓形虫病的流行情况,应用乳胶凝集试验（LAT）对荆州市城区和城郊农产品集贸市场上鸡的弓形虫抗体进行血清学调查,共检测鸡血清286羽份。结果表明,阳性血清72羽份,平均阳性率为25．17％,其中,散养鸡的阳性率为38．95％,极显著高于笼养鸡的18．32％（P〈0．01）,产蛋鸡的阳性率为30．13％,极显著高于肉用鸡的19．23％（P〈0．01）。     

成都市区犬猫狂犬病病毒和弓形虫感染的调查

为了解四川省成都市区家养犬、猫狂犬病病毒及弓形虫的感染情况,采用商品化狂犬病病毒和弓形虫抗原快速检测试纸卡,对2010年8～10月间来自成都市区的103份家养犬以及75份家猫的唾液和血液样品进行检测;同时采用文献报道的PCR方法对家养犬血液样品中的弓形虫核酸进行检测.结果显示,103份家养犬唾液样品狂犬病病毒抗原均为阴性,而75份家猫唾液样品中,检出阳性样品5份(阳性率6.7％),可疑样品7份;103份家养犬血液样品弓形虫抗原阳性样品33份(32.0％),可疑样品22份,75份家猫血液样品中,检出阳性样品2份(阳性率2.7％),可疑样品3份.弓形虫核酸PCR检测结果显示,96份家养犬血液样品弓形虫核酸阳性样品57份(阳性率59.4％),与弓形虫抗原阳性和可疑样品总和所占比例基本一致(53.4％).提示应重视源于家猫的狂犬病病毒和家养犬弓形虫对人的威胁.     

牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病的流行病学调查

为了调查我国牛新孢子虫和弓形虫的感染情况，应用新孢子虫酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和弓形虫间接血凝试验（IAT）分别检测了来自国内10个省（市、自治区）的262份乳牛、10份肉牛和40份水牛血清。结果显示，乳牛新孢子虫的抗体阳性率为17．2％，弓形虫的抗体阳性率为2．3％，没有检测到既有新抱子虫抗体又有弓形虫抗体的乳牛血清。各牛场所检乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率在0～34．4％之间。在水牛和肉牛血清中未检测到新孢子虫抗体和弓形虫抗体。流产乳牛血清的新孢子虫抗体阳性率为20．2％，未流产乳牛为16．1％，其中血清抗体阳性乳牛主要在妊娠中晚期流产。各个年龄段乳牛血清的抗体阳性率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。不同妊娠胎次的乳牛血清抗体阳性率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。确认新孢子虫病在国内大部分牛场存在。     

弓形虫疫苗研究进展

弓形虫是细胞内寄生的一种原虫,弓形虫病是由弓形虫引起的一种重要人兽共患寄生虫病,弓形虫疫苗作为防控弓形虫病的重要措施是目前研究的热点。弓形虫进入机体后以细胞免疫为主,使得疫苗可以发挥最大功用。疫苗的免疫效果与候选抗原和佐剂的使用密切相关,不同类型的抗原和佐剂用于疫苗中能够产生不同的免疫效果。目前,弓形虫疫苗的候选抗原主要以虫体特异组分蛋白和新型表位基因为主,佐剂也从传统的弗氏佐剂拓展到了霍乱毒素、透明质酸酶和CpG-ODN等。综合考虑各方面因素进行疫苗研制,将成为生产具有理想保护性弓形虫疫苗的研究方向。     

Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus in Caprine Abortions in Tobago: a Sero‐Epidemiological Study

A sero‐epidemiological study was conducted on a goat farm that experienced an abortion epidemic in the 2005 breeding season in Tobago. Serum samples of goats (aborting and non‐aborting) and cats were collected, in addition to the use of stored sera from the farm sampled in 2003 and 2004. Farm records on the reproductive and mortality rates for year 2003, 2004 and 2005 were also reviewed. The sera were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT), Chlamydophila abortus with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Brucella abortus using the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT). Farm records revealed that for the period 2003–2005, the average kid per doe rate decreased from 2.1 to 1.5, the mortality rate increased from 6.3% in 2002 to 19.4% in 2004 and the fertility rate decreased from 98–99% (2002–2004) to 89% (2005). There was a dramatic increase in the abortion rate from <1% (2002, 2003 and 2004) to 29.2% (2005). Of a total of 161 sera tested comprising 12 from 2003, 89 from 2004 and 70 from 2005, 0 (0.0%), 21 (23.6%) and 45 (64.3%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins (i.e. titres ≥1 : 64) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; χ²). Of all serum samples tested, only 1 (1.1%) of 89 from 2004 was positive for C. abortus while all the sera tested were negative for B. abortus. Amongst the 24 does which aborted in 2005 and were available for testing in mid‐2005, 15 (62.5%) had reciprocal titres of ≥1 : 2048, three (12.5%) each had titres of 1 : 1024, 1 : 256 and ≤1 : 16 i.e. negative. The seroprevalence and titres of does that aborted, 20 (87.0%) of 23, all with titres ≥1 : 256 suggesting current infection, were statistically significantly (P < 0.05; χ²) higher than was detected amongst does that delivered normal kids, 25 (53.25) of 47 with 22 (48.8%) having titres of ≥1 : 256. One (50.0%) of two cats caught and tested was seropositive with a reciprocal titre of 128. This is considered the first documentation of T. gondii agglutinins in caprine abortion as well the detection of C. abortus antibodies from livestock in Trinidad. It is concluded that of the three zoonotic abortifacient pathogens tested for, T. gondii appeared to have played some aetiological role in the abortion epidemic investigated.     

Epidemiological and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in urban pigeons from the area of Lisbon (Portugal)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that birds may be a good indicator of soil contamination, since they feed from the ground. Therefore a study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in urban pigeons (Columba livia) from different areas of the city of Lisbon and to genetically characterize T. gondii strains isolated from infected animals, in order to assess circulating genotypes. Sera from 695 pigeons captured at 33 different localities of the city of Lisbon were assayed by the direct agglutination test (DAT) showing a 4.6% prevalence. One third of flocks sampled revealed to be infected with T. gondii, with prevalence ranging between 5% and 62.5%. T. gondii DNA could be characterized directly from brain tissue from 12 of 23 seropositive pigeons. Microsatellite typing revealed that 9 strains belonged to type II, 2 were type III and one was type I. No recombinant or atypical genotypes were found. Attempts to recover viable T. gondii strains through bioassay in mice resulted in the isolation of 9 strains.