栎空腔瘿蜂形态及生物学特性

栎空腔瘿蜂Trichagalma glabrosa Pujade-Villar & Wang在安阳1 a发生1代,以成虫越冬.有性世代成虫出现在4月中旬,产卵于栓皮栎Quercus variabilis嫩叶侧脉上,幼虫孵化后刺激叶脉产生球状虫瘿并在虫瘿内取食危害,幼虫于9月上旬开始化蛹,11月上旬成虫羽化出孔.虫瘿饲养观察发现,栎空腔瘿蜂有3种寄生性天敌:长尾小蜂Torymus sp.、刻腹小蜂Ormyrus sp.和旋小蜂Eupelmus sp.;2种寄居昆虫Synergus sp.和Cuyculio sp..     

栎聚花序瘿蜂形态和生物学特性研究

栎聚花序瘿蜂形态和生物学特性研究朱承美，曲爱军，张玉红，李志高（山东省林业学校）瘿蜂科昆虫主要危害栎属植物，在树木的不同部位造成各种形状的瘿瘤。１９９０～１９９５年间我们在栓皮栎花序上发现一种瘿蜂，为安堆瘿蜂属。其特征明显区别于国内现已报道的该属有关...     

栗瘿蜂与中华长尾小蜂种群数量消长关系研究

栗瘿蜂在一定的区域内呈周期性发生，影响栗瘿蜂发生的主导因素是寄生性天敌的种群数量。中华长尾小蜂是最主要的天敌种群。两者相辅相成，相互制约，它们之比称益害比。人工保护利用中华长尾小蜂防治栗瘿蜂，提高栗园益害比达1：5以上时，可控制栗瘿蜂的大发生。     

竹刺瘿螨种群消长及与生态因子的关系

通过对福建三明中村毛竹林内竹刺瘿螨(Aculus bambusae Kuang)种群的系统跟踪调查,调查结果表明:竹刺瘿螨种群数量年周期中有2个高峰期,分别为7月和10月,8月为明显的低谷期.灰色关联分析表明:所选择的8个林分因子对竹刺瘿螨种群动态的影响大小序列为林下植物盖度＞竹林坡度＞立竹密度＞新竹高度＞新竹胸径＞2 a竹胸径＞2 a竹高度＞小年竹与大年竹比例;7个气象因子对竹刺瘿螨种群动态的影响大小序列为平均相对湿度＞月降雨天数＞月极端高温＞月日照时数＞月平均温度＞月降雨量＞月极端低温.     

栎毒蛾生物学特性和种群发生动态的研究

栎毒蛾在吉林省敦化一年一代,以完成胚胎发育的幼虫在卵壳内越冬,翌年５月初孵化,初孵幼虫群集于卵壳及其附近,在适宜条件下,吐丝垂吊随风扩散,取食柞叶,５,６月上旬干旱是栎毒蛾猖獗危害的主要原因。     

中国栓皮栎上瘿蜂虫瘿内寄生蜂种类调查

[目的]为探明中国栓皮栎上瘿蜂虫瘿内寄生蜂昆虫种类,2019至2022年调查了我国栓皮栎上不同形态瘿蜂虫瘿中寄生蜂分布,为生物防治瘿蜂昆虫奠定基础。[方法]通过野外调查采集栓皮栎上的瘿蜂虫瘿,进行室内寄生蜂饲养,对我国栓皮栎上不同类型瘿蜂虫瘿内的寄生蜂昆虫种类进行分类与鉴定。[结果]调查了我国栓皮栎上12种形态瘿蜂虫瘿内的寄生蜂共计有9科17属26种,其中包括5个中国新记录种,并介绍其分布情况。[结论]本文记录了栓皮栎上瘿蜂虫瘿内的26种寄生蜂及其分布情况,以及其对应的虫瘿形态,并获得了虫瘿与寄生蜂的彩色照片。     

影响锥栗对栗瘿蜂抗性表达的土壤因子研究

影响锥栗抗虫性的土壤因子有：全P含量、20～60cm层土壤的速效K含量、20～40cm层土壤的通气透水性指标（特别是非毛管孔隙度）和40～60cm层土壤的pH值、有机质含量。全P含量越高，锥栗越抗虫，反之，则越易感虫。20～60cm层土壤的速效K含量对锥栗的抗虫性有显著的影响，速效K含量越高，锥栗的抗虫性越强。20～40cm层土壤的通气透水性良好．有助于锥栗抵御栗瘿蜂的危害。非毛管孔隙度小于6％，则锥栗生长受影响，易受栗瘿蜂危害。40～60cm层土壤的pH值和有机质含量对栗瘿蜂危害锥栗亦产生影响。在pH值4．5～5．0范围内，pH值小能提高锥栗的抗虫性。     

南京紫金山栓皮栎种群动态

采用样地调查法对南京紫金山栓皮栎种群年龄结构进行分析并编制静态生命表。结果表明:该种群的年龄结构呈衰退型,V级大树所占的比例最高,I级幼苗次之,Ⅳ级立木第三;种群的存活曲线趋近于DeeveyⅡ型,种群存在一定的波动性,胸径0~10 cm的数量最多,有较高的死亡率;胸径10~40 cm的数量相对稳定,死亡率较低;胸径40 cm以上的数量较少,有较高死亡率。     

锥栗对栗瘿蜂抗性与营养元素关系研究

通过测定不同抗性锥栗品种叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等7种营养元素的含量,研究锥栗品种对栗瘿蜂抗性与营养元素的关系。研究结果表明:K元素与锥栗品种的抗虫性有关,当锥栗受栗瘿蜂危害时,高抗品种植株内K含量下降到较低的水平,高感品种的K含量保持在较高的水平;N、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等6种营养元素与锥栗品种的抗栗瘿蜂性无关。     

竹螟种群动态与预测预报技术

通过对竹螟成虫灯诱结果的统计分析,竹螟的诱蛾量2011年比2010年增长了76%,其中竹织叶野螟Algedonia coclesalis Walker的增长更是达到了233.5%,成虫数占其总诱蛾量的78%。表明竹螟虫口增长趋势明显,而竹织叶野螟的增长趋势更为显著,仍为优势虫种;竹织叶野螟越冬代成虫羽化高峰期在5月18日—6月8日,其诱蛾量占总诱蛾量的84.32%;根据竹螟成虫诱蛾量预测幼虫的发生量与实际调查幼虫发生量相比较,准确率可达到93.7%。     

农林复合生态系统游猎型蜘蛛种群动态及影响因素的研究

蜘蛛是华北农区的主要天敌种群之一,本文研究了农田蜘蛛种群结构及优势种在林带-田埂-农田环境的分布动态。结果表明:(1)研究地区游猎型蜘蛛的优势种为中华狼蛛(Lycosa sinensis Schenkel)和中华平腹蛛(Gnaphosa sinensis Simon);(2)林带和田埂在农作物栽种前和成熟后是蜘蛛栖息和获取食物的主要场所,是农林复合系统中蜘蛛种群的重要种库;(3)耕作活动对蜘蛛种群有较强的负面影响,林带环境具有维持蜘蛛种群稳定性的作用;(4)蜘蛛密度与距林带距离呈负相关性,且在距林带一定范围内密度变化极其显著(P=0.001,α=0.05),表现出明显的林带效应。     

Population dynamics of Dasiops inedulis (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) and its biotic and abiotic mortality factors in Colombian sweet passionfruit orchards

Throughout South America, the lonchaeid flies Dasiops spp. are important herbivores of passionfruit crops. However, little is known on the biology and ecology of these insects, resulting in inadequate pest management schemes. In this study, we describe Dasiops inedulis population dynamics in Colombian sweet passionfruit (SP; Passiflora ligularis Juss.) and elucidate biotic mortality factors at different fly developmental stages. From August 2009 to July 2010, D. inedulis and Dasiops spp. abundance was assessed through monthly McPhail bait trapping and collection of SP flower buds, flowers, and immature fruits. Mortality levels of D. inedulis were determined for early instar larvae by ovary dissection and for late-instar larvae or pupae by prey removal trials. Maximum infestation reached 80 % in fruits and flower buds, and bud infestation correlated with precipitation during the previous month. Two days after oviposition, 8.2 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD) Dasiops sp. eggs were found in SP ovaries and 4.4 ± 1.2 late-instar larvae were recovered from immature fruits at day 14. Upon larval drop on the orchard soil, 74.8 % larvae burrowed within the soil within 9 min, while 12.5 % larvae were attacked by ants. In-field mortality of young pupae amounted to 75.3 ± 7.0 %, with vertebrate predators likely causing 12.1 ± 6.0 % mortality. Late-instar larvae and pupae appear highly vulnerable to natural enemy action, with the ground-foraging predator community mainly composed of ants (80.37 %) and ground beetles (9.17 %). Our findings should help develop integrated pest management (IPM) tactics for SP crops.     

上海地区橘小实蝇种群动态研究

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis在上海地区1 a发生6~7代,主要发生在5—11月,个别暖冬,成虫可存活至12月上旬。该虫每年5月零星发生,随着气温的上升,虫口数量不断增加,9月中下旬达到高峰,之后随着气温的下降,虫口数量也呈下降趋势,全年呈单峰型变动。橘小实蝇在上海的虫口数量变动主要受降水影响,温度和寄主果实也是重要的影响因子。     

松十二齿小蠹成虫种群数量动态研究

应用"十二齿小蠹引诱剂"开展松十二齿小蠹成虫种群数量变化的研究。结果表明:松十二齿小蠹成虫种群数量总体呈下降趋势,雌雄比稳定,种群还可能继续下降。在研究分析成虫羽化规律的基础上,提出相应的防控建议。     

Plant community characteristics and their relationships with climate in the Hexi Corridor region of northwestern China

Species, coverage, density, appearance, important values and above ground biomass of desert plant communities in the Hexi Corridor region in northwestern China were investigated. Data on the meteorological factors at the investigation sites were collected. Their relationships were statistically analyzed. The results show that the composition of plant species and total density in the Hexi Corridor region are positively correlated with elevation and longitude, but negatively with latitude. The relation decreases from the southeast to the northwest in this region. In the desert regions with an accumulated temperature of >10°C greater than 3200°C, the shrubs, including semi-shrubs, occupy dominant positions in the communities. Their importance values reach 100. When the accumulated temperature is about 3000°C, the communities are often in some type of transition, either with herbage being the dominant species, with some semishrubs or shrubs as companion species, or the dominant species being semi-shrubs with some perennial herbage as companion species. In desert communities with an annual precipitation of over 110 mm, the main life forms of plants are semi-shrubs or perennial herbs. When precipitation is less than 110 mm, the main life forms of the vegetation are dwarf shrub or annual herbs. In the extreme arid regions with annual precipitation of around 50 mm in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor, barely some annual herbage come to life during the rainy season. Desert ecosystems consist of sparse vegetation with small biomass. They change with climate factors and are especially sensitive to precipitation, which is particularly important for their conservation. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27(5): 859–863 [译自: 西北植物学报]     

红松木材密度与气候变化关系的实证分析

运用协整分析对我国东北地区人工林红松木材密度与气候变化的关系进行了研究。结果表明,红松木材密度与气候因素之间存在长期均衡的协整关系和显著的短期动态调整机制。在1973～1997年,2、3月平均日照时间的延长有利于提高早材密度,而7月份的日照时间延长却不利于提高早材密度;2月气温升高,不利于提高整个生长轮密度平均值;误差修正模型和格兰杰检验证实,2月气温短期内对生长轮密度的影响存在2～3年的滞后期。人工林红松的优质培育需要充分考虑气候变化的影响。     

冰雪冻灾后松墨天牛成虫种群数量动态研究

应用蛀干类害虫引诱剂开展松墨天牛成虫种群数量变化的研究,发现雨雪冰冻后松墨天牛成虫种群数量呈暴发式增长,且雌雄性比稳定,种群可能继续增长.在研究分析成虫羽化规律的基础上,提出了相应的防控建议.