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丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生长生态效应的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
1996~1998年试验研究了大田不施肥条件下3种泡囊丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycor-rhizal fungi (AMF),即Glomus mosseae(G.m)、Glomus versifome(G.v)、Sclerocysis sinousa(S.s)对玉米生长的生态效应。结构表明,AMF处理的玉米根系活力为对照的2.32~3.05倍,玉米N素吸收比对照增加24.14%~56. 相似文献
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以煤矿尾矿区土著先锋植物猪屎豆(Crotalaria pallida Ait.)为研究对象,开展了3种基质配比、4种丛枝菌根接种后的效应研究.结果表明:(1)从宿主生物量、菌根侵染率及侵染强度、50 g干土中的孢子数、根系活力看,A4菌根是最适合梅州明山矿区先锋植物猪屎豆的优势菌种,菌剂与基质优势组合是A4B1;(2)不同菌种、植株及地上部/地下部对镉、锌、铜、镍、锰5种重金属元素的吸收-排斥效应是不同的.从镉元素看,与对照A5相比,A1、A3、A4菌根促进或抑制对镉吸收-排斥效应均达极显著差异水平,这3种菌根结合猪屎豆可作为明山废矿区镉污染丛枝菌根-植物联合修复的优势菌种;4种菌根对促进或阻止铜、锰吸收-排斥效应均不显著;(3)覆土少的(覆2 cm厚黄土于9 cm厚煤矸石上)相应高于不接种且覆土厚(覆7 cm厚黄土于4 cm厚煤矸石上)的,说明接种菌根具有抵消由于覆土少而导致的植株生物量降低的潜力,极大地节约了复垦费用,综合经济效益十分可观. 相似文献
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[目的]研究接菌紫穗槐对矿区退化植被的恢复生态效应,以期为丛枝菌根真菌应用于西部干旱半干旱煤矿区生态重建提供理论基础和野外试验基础数据。[方法]以紫穗槐为宿主植物,在野外大田条件下研究接种丛枝菌根真菌和紫穗槐的共生状况,以及对煤矿开采沉陷区植物根际土壤的改良作用。[结果]4a的连续监测结果表明,接菌促进了紫穗槐的生长,接菌紫穗槐成活率比对照高30%以上;接菌紫穗槐菌根侵染率和菌丝密度显著高于对照;接种菌根提高了紫穗槐根际土壤有效磷含量且降低了pH值,取得较好的生态修复效应。[结论]在野外大田条件下,接种菌根真菌能够促进植物—菌根共生关系的形成,改善植物—菌根共生体的营养环境。 相似文献
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采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了两种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae和 Glomus etunicatum对三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.)和辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)修复芘污染土壤的影响。供试土样中芘初始浓度为0 ~ 75.18 mg/kg。结果表明,接种AMF可促进供试植物对土壤中芘的吸收,并且显著提高三叶草根的芘含量、根系富集系数、根和茎叶的芘积累量,但对辣椒根和茎叶芘含量、根系富集系数的影响不显著,这主要与植物的菌根侵染率和“菌根依赖度”不同有关。接种AMF土壤中芘的削减率高于普通植物修复,但植物吸收积累对修复的贡献率小于0.2%;因此推测,AM作用下良好的根际环境对土壤微生物数量和活性的提高、进而对土壤中芘降解的促进可能是菌根修复的主要机理。 相似文献
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1996~1998年试验研究了大田不施肥条件下3种泡囊丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF),即 Glomus mosseae(G.m)、Glomus versifome(G.v)、Sclerocystis sinousa(S.s)对玉米生长的生态效应.结果表明,AMF处理的玉米根系活力为对照的2.32~3.05倍,玉米N素吸收比对照增加24.14%~56.65%,玉米P素吸收比对照增加41.14%~78.29%,促进玉米生长发育显著;在灭菌条件下G.m、G.v、S.s处理分别比对照增产17.63%、22.91%和10.80%;而不灭菌条件下3个处理分别比对照增产10.35%、20.56%和4.53%,同时显著提高玉米的水分供应状况. 相似文献
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试验研究 3种丛枝菌根真菌根内菌丝碱性磷酸酶活性与菌根共生效应的结果表明 ,3种丛枝菌根真菌对宿主植物的效应不同 ,与接种G .spp处理和未接种对照相比 ,接种G .m和G .i处理显著增加玉米地上部和根系干物质量、P浓度和吸P量 ,但后两者间无显著差异 ;而接种G .spp处理与对照无显著差异。播种后 35d时接种G .m和G .i处理根内菌丝碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于接种G .spp处理 ,而前二者间无显著差异 ,且随生长时间的变化趋势相似 ,35d时酶活性最高 ,35~ 5 0d呈迅速下降趋势 ,至 70d时酶活性仍下降且趋于平缓。G .spp酶活性则一直处于较低水平 ,随生长时间的延长略有起伏。即接种不同丛枝菌根真菌时 ,根内菌丝碱性磷酸酶活性高的菌根真菌对玉米生长促进作用较大 ,可提高玉米P营养状况 ;反之则对玉米生长和P营养状况无明显促进作用 ,且与对照无显著差异。出苗后 35d时根内菌丝碱性磷酸酶活性是预测丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生长效应的有效生理指标之一。 相似文献
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and hyphal attachment to the roots of a host plant, bean, and a non‐host plant, lupin, were compared when grown either with light or in the dark with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. When grown with light, bean roots were heavily colonized whereas lupin roots showed no signs of colonization, no formation of appressoria and only scarce hyphal attachment to the roots. In contrast to roots of plants grown with light, to living roots of beans and lupins grown in the dark many hyphae were attached and appressoria were formed. The role of shoot produced, light‐dependent factors in the expression of the AM mycotrophic status of AM host and non‐host plants is discussed.<?show $6#> 相似文献
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采用盆栽方法,就外源菌种、土著菌种(含混合菌种)对固沙植物白草(Pennisetum.flaccidum)生长和吸磷效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,白草具有较高的菌根依赖性(平均达166.4%);不同AM真菌(或真菌组合)对白草根系均具显著的侵染效应。随菌根侵染率的提高,植株生物量、吸磷量均呈显著增加(相关系数分别为0.7465*、0.6000*);菌根菌丝对白草吸收土壤磷素的贡献十分明显,各接种处理菌根菌丝对植物吸收土壤磷素的贡献量、贡献率分别在3.2~11.6.mg/pot和61.5%~85.3%之间;接种菌根处理植株吸磷量呈Glomus.intraradicesG.mosseae+G.etunicatum+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.erythropaG.mosseae(外源菌种)G.mosseae+G.intraradices+Scutellospora.calosporaG.mosseae-I(土著菌种)G.etunicatum的趋势。此外,不同AM真菌对寄主植物地上部、根部生物量和吸磷量的影响程度明显不同,一般呈地上部根系的趋势,但寄主植物根系的生长速率相对较快;土著菌种中,多菌混合接种对寄主植物的侵染效应明显高于单一接种。 相似文献
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Kasturikasen Beura Mahendra Singh Amit Kumar Pradhan Rajiv Rakshit Manohar Lal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(3):287-294
We investigated the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and various phosphorus (P) levels on the distribution and availability of P in dominant soils of Bihar, India. Potassium chloride (KCl)-P (labile P), sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-P (Fe-Al-bound P), hydrochloric acid (HCl)-P (Ca-bound P), and residual P (Res-P) fractions were analyzed in the soils under maize plant. Ca-bound P was the most abundant P fraction in the alkaline soils (65% of the total P) followed by neutral soil (35% of the total P), whereas it was less abundant (<4%) in the acidic soil type. Fe-Al-bound P was found to be highest for acidic soil (65% of the total P). Soils under the inoculation with Glomus mossae and control gave the highest and lowest values (15.63 mg kg?1 and 10.74 mg kg?1 respectively) for the labile fraction which was similar to the organically bound residual fractions of P (200.17 mg kg?1 and 193.66 mg kg?1 respectively. Inoculation of the soils with AM fungi leads to the redistribution of P fractions in different soils which consequently helps in improvement of available P in soil conducive for plant uptake. 相似文献
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不同建植技术对露天煤矿排土场生态修复效果的影响及评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为解决矿区排土场生态修复难和生态修复成本高的问题,提出了一种新的穴铺建植技术对排土场进行生态修复,并于2012—2015年期间选择4种建植技术对永顺煤炭有限公司矿区排土场开展生态修复工作。基于修复后(2015年)的植被生长状况和土壤改良效果,并通过对比分析的手段,对不同建植技术的生态修复效果进行了评价。结果表明:穴铺植生袋建植法(A)、旱梯田坡面建植法(B)、旱坡植生袋建植法(C)和沙柳围护建植法(D)4种不同建植技术中,在植被覆盖度方面表现为A(85%) > C(80%) > B(73%) > D(63%) > E(7%,裸地);土壤容重方面表现为A(1.21 g/cm3) < C(1.27 g/cm3) < B(1.31 g/cm3) < D(1.43 g/cm3) < E(1.52 g/cm3);土壤侵蚀模数方面表现为A[3 630 t/(km2·a)] < C[6 350 t/(km2·a)] < B[7 860 t/(km2·a)] < D[15 730 t/(km2·a)] < E[26 000 t/(km2·a)],均表明A技术在植被生长状况和土壤质地改良方面效果显著,有效解决了试验区人工建植植物群落稳定性差和水土流失量大等问题,成功完成了试验区的生态修复。穴铺植生袋建植技术在矿区排土场或类似区域的生态修复工程实践中具有良好的借鉴和参考作用。 相似文献
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Shin Deguchi Sunao Uozumi Keitaro Tawaraya Hidenori Kawamoto Osamu Tanaka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(4):573-576
We examined the effect of a living mulch with white clover on the growth of maize in an Andisol. Maize was grown using a living mulch without fertilizer application, or by conventional cultivation with or without fertilizer application. Although the living mulch did not affect the amount of available phosphate in soil, the phosphorus concentration of maize shoots increased due to the living mulch compared with conventional cultivation without fertilizer application. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of maize roots was higher with the living mulch than with conventional cultivation. These results suggested that a living mulch with white clover enhanced the phosphorus uptake by maize through AM colonization. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):3293-3309
Absolute and relative concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in plant tissue (Cp) and substrate leachate (Cp lix) are required for phytoremediation and ecophysiology. We report the interlaboratory comparison of the absolute and relative Cp and Cp lix for copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) for different soil/substrate HM concentrations (Cs) for Tagetes erecta L.–Glomus intraradices and Aldama dentata using atomic absorption spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, and polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, utilizing standard statistical validation. The intertechnique absolute concentration differences at each Cs were statistically significant with the global average relative deviations being 0.5 ± 0.3 to 1.1 ± 0.9. However, the intertechnique Cp correlations across the Cs, were excellent. Therefore, the relative concentration variation is a robust index, reliably measured by all analytical methods as long as the techniques are applied self-consistently. The absolute concentration exactitudes are discussed with respect to the measurement aspects of each technique, sample presentation, and sample matrix effects. The findings also suggest the need for standard reference materials for complex/symbiotic systems. 相似文献
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生态环境的破坏已成为中国煤矿区的共性问题,对破坏了生态环境进行修复成为现阶段矿区环境保护工作的重点。生态修复总体规划的编制是煤矿区生态修复工作顺利开展的重要保障,生态修复功能区划又是生态修复总体规划的首要步骤。以北京市门头沟煤矿区的生态修复为例,结合门头沟煤矿区生态修复总体目标,重点探讨了生态修复功能区划的指标体系和方法;将整个研究区划分为生态修复区、生态维护区和生态保持区,分别对3个区的修复方式、修复方向进行了界定,并根据区划结果对生态农业修复工程进行了指导。 相似文献