基于栖息地指数的南海北部枪乌贼渔情预报模型构建

根据2009年~2014年南海捕捞信息网络获取的南海北部200 m等深线以内近海底拖网渔业数据,结合环境遥感数据,构建南海北部枪乌贼类(Uroteuthis sp.)栖息地指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型。选取海表水温(sea surface temperature,SST)、海面高度(sea surface height,SSH)和叶绿素a浓度(chlorophyll-a concentration,CHL)等环境因子,采用一元非线性回归建模,并分月份采用最小二乘法确定各环境因子的权重系数,从而建立南海北部枪乌贼类的栖息地指数综合模型。构建的模型能够有效解释渔场分布与环境要素之间的关系,并可从模型中推断各环境因子的最适范围和变化趋势;单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unite effect,CPUE)高的渔场主要分布于HSI大于0.5的海域,其他HSI高的海域可能为潜在渔场。对不同因子权重系数的研究发现,叶绿素a浓度是影响渔场分布的重要因素。对模型的验证结果表明,其准确率达到75%以上。该研究表明,基于不同权重系数的HSI模型能够较好地预测南海北部枪乌贼渔场。     

基于栖息地指数的阿拉伯海鲐鱼渔情预报模型构建

为了更好地了解和可持续开发利用阿拉伯海澳洲鲐(Scomber australasicus)资源,采用2016—2017年1、2、11和12月主渔汛期间我国公海围网渔船在阿拉伯海的鲐鱼生产数据,结合海表温度(Sea surface temperature,SST)、混合层厚度(Mixed-layer thickness, MLT)、海面高度异常(Sea level anomaly, SLA)、叶绿素a浓度(Chlorophyll-a concentration, CHL)环境数据,分别构建了以渔获量(Fish catch, FC)和作业次数(Fishing times, FT)为基础的栖息地指数(Habitat suitability index, HSI)模型:FC-HSI和FT-HSI模型。在HIS0.6的海域,2016和2017年实际渔获量占比分别为76.25%和80.03%。利用2018年的实际生产数据对模型进行预报准确度验证,得出在HIS0.6的海域,实际渔获量占比分别为45.68%和50.15%,FT-HSI模型的预报结果优于FC-HSI模型。结果表明,基于SST、MLT、SLA、CHL的FT-HSI模型能够较好地预测阿拉伯海鲐鱼的中心渔场。     

东海北部秋汛灯围渔情预报的研究

<正> 东海北部机帆船灯光围网是浙江省海洋水产研究所于70年代初试验成功的作业,1978年大面积推广,1984年发展到310组,产量达4万吨,使秋汛成为仅次于冬季带鱼汛的第二大渔汛。但是,灯围的捕捞对象鲐鲹鱼等属于广域性分布的中上层鱼类,资     

渔情预报技术及模型研究进展

随着渔业资源的衰退和渔业生产成本的增加,渔业企业对于渔情预报的要求不断提高,渔情预报技术和模型的研究受到了越来越多地重视,已经成为渔场学研究的重点之一。渔情预报可分为关于资源状况的预报、关于时间的预报和关于空间的预报,各类预报对渔业生产和管理都具有重要的意义。本文结合国内外研究现状,简要概述了渔情预报的理论和方法,包括渔情预报相关的渔场学基础、数据模型和预报模型,重点介绍了基于统计和机器学习、人工智能方法的渔情预报模型,并对各种模型在渔情预报应用中的优势与缺陷进行了总结,最后针对渔情预报系统应用中存在的问题,对渔情预报研究提出了一些建议：建立专为渔业服务的海洋环境预报系统;进行长期和系统的渔业资源调查,并针对不同鱼种和海区对数据获取和处理方法进行标准化和规范化;借助随机模拟方法降低模型不确定性,提高预报精度。     

渔场渔情分析预报业务化应用中的关键技术探讨

利用空间信息技术开展渔场渔情分析及预报对渔船捕捞作业及渔业管理等具有重要意义。本文在开展有关研究和所开发的大洋渔场渔情信息服务系统业务化应用的基础上,对渔场渔情分析预报业务化应用中涉及到的渔场环境数据精度、渔场环境数据融合、实时渔场信息获取、渔场分析方法及渔场预报模型等关键技术问题进行了较全面的探讨分析与总结,并对将来的应用或技术发展进行了展望,以期为今后的相关技术开发提供借鉴。     

渔场渔情分析预报的研究及其进展

早在19世纪末期,人们在有限的海洋水文调查的基础上,就开始了渔场海洋学的研究探索并试图进行渔情分析和渔场预报。但由于当时的技术条件限制和所获数据非常有限,其分析预报结果可想而知。20世纪60年代卫星遥感技术出现之后,人们开始能够快速获取大范围实时或准实时的海水表层温度（SST）、海洋水色、海洋动力环境等渔场环境信息,渔场渔情分析预报逐渐实用化。     

谈谈我们是怎样做渔情预报工作的

我们公社是一个以渔为主的公社。公社从事海洋捕捞的劳力一千八百多人，有大小机动渔船一百九十三艘，其中六百马力的钢壳渔轮八艘，一百三十五至一百八十五马力的钢壳渔轮十八艘，六十至一百二十马力的机轮三十二艘，剩下的一百多艘是二十马力的小机船。     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.     

渔情预报评分方法的探讨

渔情预报要求回答预报海区渔业资源的好坏、可捕数量、渔场位置、渔期早晚、洄游路线，持续时间和趋势等问题。是水产行政、生产管理、渔工、渔民所普遍关心的问题。五十年代起，沿海各海洋水产研究所，先后开展了毛虾、     

基于碳、氮稳定同位素技术的秋刀鱼栖息地变动研究

为了解秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)的栖息地分布特征,根据2018年7—11月秋刀鱼渔船“鲁蓬远渔027”在西北太平洋公海(40°28′N～48°56′N、150°08′E～164°20′E)采集的127尾秋刀鱼样本,测定了其肌肉组织稳定同位素含量,分析了肌肉的碳稳定同位素比值(δ¹³C)和氮稳定同位素比值(δ¹⁵N),探讨了δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N的时空分布规律。基于广义加性模型(GAM)分别讨论了δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N与纬度、体长、离岸距离和叶绿素a浓度之间的关系。t检验结果表明,秋刀鱼雌雄个体间的δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同体长组间的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N的分布较为相似,整体上呈现先上升后平稳的趋势。分析认为,1龄的秋刀鱼栖息在亲潮海域,随后向南洄游到黑潮-亲潮混合水域。GAM模型结果显示,δ¹³C与纬度呈负相关...     

Purification and characterization of lipovitellin from Pacific saury Cololabis saira

ABSTRACT:   Lipovitellin (Lv), the major yolk protein derived from vitellogenin (Vg), was purified from vitellogenic ovaries of Pacific saury Cololabis saira using hydroxylapatite column chromatography followed by gel filtration. The apparent native mass of purified Lv was approximately 420 kDa, while the tertiary structure of Lv revealed by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was typical of teleost Lvs, consisting of a heavy chain (∼99 kDa) and a light chain (∼34 kDa). Western blot analysis using rabbit antiserum raised against Pacific saury Lv revealed a specific reaction with a polypeptide (∼194 kDa) that is present in serum from female Pacific saury but not in male serum, suggesting the approximately 194-kDa polypeptide to be the Vg monomer. This study describes the first step toward the development of specific immunoassays for Pacific saury Vg, which will be an effective tool for monitoring the reproductive development of this species.     

Energetics of reproduction and spawning migration for Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)

Pacific saury is a small (up to 35 cm SL) pelagic fish, feeding actively in the food-rich sub-arctic water (10–12 °C) during summer (June – August) and spawning in the food-poor sub-tropical water (20–22 °C) during winter (December – April). Changes in protein, lipid, and energy content for 30 cm standardized fish from August to February were examined. Accumulated body reserves were abundant in the feeding season, most of them being expended during southward migration, and almost exhausted in the active spawning season. Thus it is indicated that most of the allocated energy to egg production was derived from the energy of food consumed during spawning season.     

西北太平洋秋刀鱼耳石透明带的初步研究

根据2014年我国秋刀鱼捕捞船在西北太平洋采集的秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)样本,提取1 062个耳石进行拍照处理,并根据耳石透明带特征对其进行划分,运用统计学方法研究耳石类型及与肉体长组的关系,分析各月份耳石类型变化。研究发现,83%小型鱼(Kn L≤240 mm)和71%中型鱼(240 mmKn L≤280 mm)耳石属于类型Ⅰ,大型鱼(280 mmKn L≤314 mm)和特大型鱼(Kn L314 mm)耳石类型Ⅱ、类型Ⅲ占优。肉体长在280 mm以下的类型Ⅰ耳石比例较大,耳石没有形成透明带,随着Kn L的增加,类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ在肉体长组的比例增加。耳石透明带最早在202 mm时开始形成,秋刀鱼耳石第1条透明带主要在260~280 mm之间形成,以中型鱼为主;秋刀鱼耳石第2条透明带主要在290~310 mm之间形成,以大型鱼为主。雌性和雄性秋刀鱼耳石在各耳石类型下无显著差别(P=0.0640.05)。耳石类型Ⅰ比例在月份间变化大,在10月和11月份耳石类型Ⅰ比例占优,分别为44.1%和36.4%,多为小型和中型鱼,6月和7月份耳石类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ比例大约为40%,多数为大型和特大型鱼,表明大型鱼比小型和中型鱼早到达索饵场进行索饵。     

Growth and maturation of Pacific saury Cololabis saira under laboratory conditions

This study details the growth and maturation processes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from eggs to first spawning under laboratory conditions. They were reared at 20°C, and fed almost to satiation every day. There was no significant difference in the knob length (KnL) between males and females, and so data for both sexes were combined in the following Gompertz growth formula: KnL _t  = 277.1 exp[?exp(?0.015 (t ? 83.8))]. The first spawning was observed 243 days after hatching (DAH). At the beginning of spawning, when the mean KnL was about 250 mm, only several hundred eggs were spawned at most. The spawning continued, and the number of spawned eggs increased notably after 260 DAH. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis of the gonad somatic index (GSI) of Pacific saury versus KnL, CF, and DAH revealed that only DAH (R = 0.88 and 0.72 for males and females, respectively) was significantly correlated with GSI of Pacific saury (P < 0.001). This result suggests that DAH is one of the most influential factors for maturation in this species.     

Patchiness structure and mortality of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae in the northwestern Pacific

Patchiness structure and mortality rates of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae were estimated in the frontal area of the Kuroshio Extension in spring 2000 and 2001. Drogued GPS buoys, which were used as Lagrangian reference points, were deployed to mark dense patches of saury larvae and a series of samplings was conducted using a neuston net around the buoys during the night over a period of several days. A total of 225 tows were conducted and 11 690 specimens were sampled during four buoy tracking. Despite the occurrence of water diffusion, patchiness density, distance between adjacent patches and patch size estimated by geostatistical analysis did not drastically change during the buoy tracking and these parameters were robust for the difference of variogram models and the threshold larval density defining patchiness. Such a stability of the patchiness allowed the estimation of larval mortality from the decrease of larval density for different size classes with respect to individual growth based on the samples taken repeatedly during the buoy tracking. Although low or negative values were obtained for the larvae right after hatching, probably due to continuous hatching, the estimates of mortality then increased and became stable in the range of 23–37% day⁻¹ with a small standard deviation until their knob length reached to 36 mm. In situ information on the patchiness structure and larval mortality provides crucial parameters for simulating the recruitment process of small pelagic fishes in high-resolution hydrodynamic models.     

Oceanographic factors affecting interannual recruitment variability of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the central and western North Pacific

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) has a short life span of 2 years and tends to exhibit marked population fluctuations. To examine the importance of sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) as oceanographic factors for interannual variability of saury recruitment in early life history, we analyzed the relationship between abundance index (survey CPUE (catch per unit of effort)) of age‐1 fish and the oceanographic factors in the spawning and nursery grounds of the previous year when they were born, for the period of 1979–2006, in the central and western North Pacific. Applying the mixture of two linear regression models, the variability in the survey CPUE was positively correlated with previous year's winter SST in the Kuroshio Recirculation region (KR) throughout the survey period except 1994–2002. In contrast, the survey CPUE was positively correlated with the previous year's spring MLD (a proxy of spring chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentration) in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Transition and Kuroshio Extension (TKE) during 1994–2002. This period is characterized by unusually deep spring MLD during 1994–1997 and anomalous climate conditions during 1998–2002. We suggest that saury recruitment variability was generally driven by the winter SST in the KR (winter spawning/nursery ground), or by the spring Chl‐a concentration (a proxy of prey for saury larvae) in the TKE (spring spawning/nursery ground). These oceanographic factors could be potentially useful to predict abundance trends of age‐1 saury in the future if the conditions leading to the switch between SST and MLD as the key input variable are elucidated further.     

Migration route of Pacific saury Cololabis saira inferred from the otolith hyaline zone

In order to establish the migration route of Pacific saury Cololabis saira, we measured the radius of otolith annual rings (ROA) in fish collected from areas off the Japanese coast up to 165°W in June and July (pre-fishing season) and from fishing grounds in August?CNovember (fishing season). The average ROA for six sea areas that each spanned 10° of longitude sampled during the pre-fishing season were compared with data obtained during each month of the fishing season. The average ROA decreased from west to east and also decreased monthly from August to November. The average ROA of fish caught after October at the peak of the fishing season was equivalent to that of the fish caught in the areas east of 160°E or 170°E. We conclude that Pacific saury caught by Japanese fishing vessels during the peak of the fishing season migrate from an area east of 160°E.