胶孢炭疽菌生防放线菌gz-8的鉴定及生物活性初步评价

从山东省临沂地区土壤中分离到一株放线菌gz-8,发现其对胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides具有较强的抑制作用,皿内抑菌活性达72.5%。通过形态特征和生理生化测定,结合16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为栗褐链霉菌Streptomyces badius。抗菌谱测定结果表明,菌株gz-8对6种植物病原真菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,抗菌谱较广。进一步对菌株gz-8的粗提物进行了生物活性评价,发现其发酵液粗提物可以明显抑制胶孢炭疽菌的菌丝生长（EC50=3.18 μg/mL）和分生孢子萌发（IC50=1.92 μg/mL）,且活性明显高于菌体粗提物;同时发酵液粗提物具有良好的热稳定性及pH稳定性;1 000 mg/L的发酵液粗提物对感染胶孢炭疽病芒果果实的防效达到35.94%,与同浓度下百菌清的防效（34.11%）无显著差异。     

黄皮酰胺类生物碱的提取及对7种水果病原真菌的抑菌活性

利用菌丝生长速率法测定黄皮果核甲醇提取物对芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz)等7种水果病原真菌的抑制活性,结果表明该提取物10 mg/mL浓度下对芒果炭疽病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense）菌丝生长抑制率分别达到87.36%和84.55%。从黄皮果核甲醇提取物中分离得到生物总碱,测定其对上述两种真菌的EC50值分别为0.78 mg/mL和0.81 mg/mL。生物总碱进一步分离纯化得到新肉桂酰胺类化合物lansiumamide B, 在0.08 mg/mL浓度下,对芒果炭疽病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为 83.33%和60.78%。     

8种杀菌剂对核桃炭疽病病原菌胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力

由胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides引起的核桃炭疽病是目前危害山东省核桃生产的主要病害。为筛选防治该病害的高效药剂,在确定了最适菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发温度的基础上,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定了8种常用杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的毒力,评估了温度对咪鲜胺和戊唑醇毒力的影响,检测了17个胶孢炭疽菌菌株对咪鲜胺和戊唑醇的敏感性,同时评价了这2种杀菌剂的预防和治疗作用。结果显示:在胶孢炭疽菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度28℃下,供试8种杀菌剂中,咪鲜胺、戊唑醇和三唑酮对供试菌株菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,平均EC50值分别为0.07、1.45和3.04 mg/L;异菌脲、代森锰锌和咪鲜胺对分生孢子萌发的抑制作用最强,平均EC50值分别为21.07、25.14和25.18 mg/L。咪鲜胺对菌丝生长的抑制作用受温度影响较小,而戊唑醇对菌丝生长的抑制作用随温度降低而增强;供试17个菌株对咪鲜胺和戊唑醇均有较高敏感性,平均EC50值分别为0.08 和 1.03 mg/L。建议在核桃炭疽病发病的不同时期,轮换使用咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、三唑酮、异菌脲和代森锰锌等杀菌剂,以有效控制该病害。     

芒果炭疽病菌的抑菌植物筛选及肉桂油抑菌活性测定

以芒果炭疽病菌抗药性菌株、敏感菌株为研究材料,用生长速率法筛选出了一批高效抑菌植物,大部分植物的丙酮提取物对芒果炭疽病菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中:肉桂、丁香、藿香的提取物活性最强,在干物质质量浓度为0.025 g/mL下抑制率达100%;芒果炭疽病菌抗药性菌株对肉桂等植物提取物无明显抗性;肉桂油对芒果炭疽病菌敏感菌株(ZJS)和抗药性菌株(JZR)的抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为98.9和71.2 mg/L,而肉桂醛对ZJS和ZJR的EC50值分别为20.7和20.2 mg/L。     

三株昆虫病原线虫共生菌胞外产物的抑菌活性

采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法、活体组织法和盆栽试验对3株昆虫病原线虫共生菌胞外产物甲醇提取物的抑菌活性进行了系统研究.结果表明,3个菌株甲醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌的菌丝生长,对番茄灰霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌、稻瘟病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、杨树溃疡病菌、小麦根腐病菌的孢子萌发均有很强抑制作用.其中嗜线虫致病杆菌YL001菌株对辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50为35.11mg/L;伯氏致病杆菌YL002菌株对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50为 42.16mg/L;嗜线虫致病杆菌TB菌株对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50为18.95mg/L.3个菌株甲醇提取物对玉米大斑病菌孢子萌发都有很强的抑制作用,EC50分别为28.03、36.77和26.40mg/L.3个菌株甲醇提取物在1000mg/L浓度下,对离体番茄果实灰霉病的治疗和保护效果均在70%以上;对盆栽番茄灰霉病和辣椒疫霉病的治疗和保护效果均在65%以上.     

肉桂萃取物的抑菌活性及其石油醚萃取物对水稻恶苗病抑菌机理研究

为了探讨肉桂萃取物的抑菌活性及活性部位的抑菌机理,以菌丝生长速率法测定各萃取物对水稻恶苗病菌、黄瓜枯萎病病菌、稻瘟病病菌、白菜黑斑病病菌、番茄早疫病病菌的抑菌活性,并用抑菌活性较高的石油醚萃取物对水稻恶苗病病菌的毒力进行测定,观测其对菌丝生长形态、细胞膜透性和物质合成与代谢的影响。结果表明,肉桂提取物质量浓度为10 mg/mL时,其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇3种萃取物和水相萃余物对5种植物病原真菌表现出不同的抑菌活性。其中石油醚萃取物对5种病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,对水稻恶苗病病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性最高,抑制率为51.84%;其对水稻恶苗病病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为7.92 mg/mL和15.21 mg/mL。扫描电镜下观察到石油醚萃取物处理后的水稻恶苗病病菌菌丝发生畸形、皱缩现象;并且随着质量浓度增加,菌丝相对电导率和丙二醛含量逐渐增加;而菌丝体内可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量逐渐减少。     

三种杀菌剂对牡丹黑斑病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发的影响

为筛选防治牡丹黑斑病的化学药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和涂布平板法分别测定了多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯对牡丹黑斑病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性及对分生孢子萌发和形成的影响。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,有效中浓度EC₅₀仅为0.30 μg/mL,其次为嘧菌酯6.34 μg/mL和多菌灵92.18 μg/mL;多菌灵可显著降低分生孢子的萌发速率,而苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯对孢子萌发的抑制作用较弱,可使分生孢子及芽管发生畸形,并改变分生孢子的萌发方式;3种药剂均可显著抑制芽管的伸长生长,推迟病菌分生孢子梗的形成时间,但对分生孢子的产生数量无显著影响。多菌灵可作为保护剂在病害发生前期使用,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯可在病害发生期轮换使用。     

特基拉芽胞杆菌JN-369抗菌粗蛋白的理化性质和抑菌效果

特基拉芽胞杆菌Bacillus tequilensis JN-369是1株对稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae有较好拮抗作用的植物内生细菌,其发酵液经硫酸铵沉淀后得到抗菌粗蛋白。为明确菌株JN-369抗菌粗蛋白的抑菌机理,首先确定了该抗菌粗蛋白抑菌谱、热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、紫外稳定性以及酶稳定性,并观察研究了抗菌粗蛋白对稻瘟病菌菌丝和分生孢子的抑制作用。并采用针刺离体接种法测定了40%稻瘟灵EC、25%三环唑WP及不同浓度JN-369抗菌粗蛋白对水稻稻瘟病的拮抗效果。结果表明：菌株JN-369抗菌粗蛋白抑菌谱广,对葡萄灰霉病菌、草莓灰霉病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌等13种植物病原真菌及卵菌表现出抑制作用,而对油菜菌核病菌没有抑制作用;该粗蛋白理化性质相对稳定,具有应用于粮食作物生物防治的潜力;对稻瘟病菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发有双重抑制作用,能使病原菌菌丝细胞膨大,并可抑制病菌分生孢子的萌发;离体防效试验显示,供试杀菌剂对水稻稻瘟病均有显著的拮抗效果,菌株JN-369抗菌粗蛋白在浓度为50～100 μg/mL时对稻瘟病的拮抗效果最好,该菌株有望开发为防治稻瘟病的生防菌株。     

5种植物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病室内防效评价

采用菌落生长速率法、分生孢子玻片萌发法和离体枝条烫伤接种法测定了5种植物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病室内防治效果。结果表明,5种植物源药剂对苹果树腐烂病菌菌落生长和分生孢子萌发均具有显著的抑制作用,当0.3%丁子香酚SL、5%香芹酚AS、20%乙蒜素EC、0.5%小檗碱AS和1.3%苦参碱AS的有效成分浓度分别为3、50、100、50和14.44μg/mL时,其对苹果树腐烂病菌菌落生长的抑制率分别为98.63%、99.22%、99.22%、100%和79.29%,其EC 50分别为0.43、8.78、11.21、13.68和8.11μg/mL;对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发的校正抑制率分别为97.92%、100%、95.83%、77.08%和96.88%,其EC 50分别为0.70、8.56、20.39、28.23和8.04μg/mL。离体枝条保护试验表明,20%乙蒜素EC有效成分浓度为100μg/mL时对离体枝条保护作用最佳。本研究通过筛选明确了5种植物源药剂中0.3%丁子香酚SL可作为抑制苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的最佳药剂,以及20%乙蒜素EC可作为离体枝条保护作用的最佳药剂。     

土壤稀有放线菌的选择性分离及其抗菌活性研究

在优化土壤稀有放线菌选择性分离方法的基础上,对从安徽、浙江、山东、陕西等地采集的31份土样中的稀有放线菌进行了选择性分离。结果表明:以改进的HV培养基为分离培养基,将土壤样品稀释100倍,添加2×10-5 g/mL重铬酸钾＋2×10-5 g/mL萘啶酮酸＋1×10-5 g/mL卡那霉素作为抑制剂分离效果最好。以常见植物病原真菌和细菌为指示菌,从分离的417株放线菌中筛选出H32、H75、H223、H227、H238等5株可代谢抗菌活性物质的菌株。离体条件下,5株放线菌菌株发酵液对小麦根腐病菌Bipolaris sorokiniana、玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、烟草赤星病菌Alternaria alternate的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有强烈的抑制作用,其中H223和H238菌株发酵液对病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度(EC50)值均小于10 mL/L;H32菌株发酵液对小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌孢子萌发的EC50值分别为25.5、28.9和29.9 mL/L。5株放线菌发酵液对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用显著,其中H223菌株发酵液抑制作用最强,抑菌圈达30 mm以上。盆栽实验结果表明,5株放线菌发酵液对小麦白粉病的保护效果为73.45％~82.35％,治疗效果为67.74％~70.80％。     

Effects of a lectin-like protein isolated from Acacia farnesiana seeds on phytopathogenic bacterial strains and root-knot nematode

Acacia farnesiana lectin-like protein (AFAL) showed bacterioestatic effects against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Gram-negative) and Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis (Gram-positive), with the latter being more sensitive. This effect is probably due to the ability of AFAL to interact with the bacterial cell wall where we observed that AFAL induced macroscopic change. The maximum bacterial growth inhibition was approximately 78% when incubated with Gram-negative strains, and as high as 92% percent for the Gram-positive one. The antibacterial effect of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and morin) was also observed using low concentrations against both bacterial strains. Prior incubation of both with AFAL at high concentrations increases the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on bacterial growth. The potential use of AFAL as a control agent against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated as well, showing anti-nematode properties involving both egg hatching and motility. In the juvenile second-stage, AFAL showed reduction in larval mobility when measured against a control group. The results suggest that AFAL is effective against M. incognita and could be used as a component of integrated pest management programs. These data also suggest that lectins probably play a role in plant defense not only against invertebrate phytopathogens, herbivores and fungi but also against bacteria.     

枯草芽胞杆菌对离体荔枝果实霜疫霉病、炭疽病的防治效果

为了进一步明确从土壤中筛选得到的拮抗细菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6的分类地位和生防效果,采用形态学观察、理化特性结合分子生物学方法,鉴定这4株细菌皆为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubitilis.拮抗菌对荔枝霜疫霉菌、炭疽菌菌丝生长均具有明显抑制作用,ON-6菌株的发酵液对菌丝生长的抑制率最高,分别为92.34％和70.36％,其次是OR-1菌株.拮抗菌处理组褐变指数均小于对照组以及杀菌剂处理组,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),OR-1菌株防褐变效果最好.常温下,拮抗菌发酵液对离体鲜果病害防治效果优于对照组和杀菌剂处理组,其中ON-6菌株的防治效果最佳;4℃低温储藏处理40天后,拮抗菌发酵液处理组的防治效果高于对照和杀菌剂处理组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),以ON-6和ON-3菌株的防治效果最佳.表明拮抗菌发酵液对荔枝鲜果上的霜疫霉菌和炭疽病菌有一定的抑制作用.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency is altered in a novel rice bacterial blight resistance cultivar and is influenced by environmental temperature

Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization from an elite japonica rice cultivar (Dalixiang) and a wild rice (Oryza meyeriana), which shows high resistance to bacterial blight. It has a similar genetic background to its recurrent parent, Dalixiang, but Y73 has a high resistance to both bacterial blight and Agrobacterium. The transformation efficiency of Y73 was 35.7%, while Dalixiang had higher transformation efficiency (71.2%) under the same co-cultivation temperature (25 °C). These results indicate that the resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Y73 was linked with its characteristic of bacterial blight resistance, and was obtained from its donor parent, O. meyeriana. Further studies also showed that the resistance to A. tumefaciens was weakened at a lower temperature (20 °C). To study its molecular mechanism, the expression levels of genes associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (OsMPKs, OsVIP1s and OsPR1s) in rice were investigated by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression levels of OsMPK genes remained unchanged at different temperatures, while all OsVIP1s and almost all OsPR1s were up-regulated and transformation efficiency of Y73 was increased notably when infected by Agrobacterium at 20 °C compared with 25 °C. This study suggests that the bacterial blight resistance genes in Y73 also have an effect on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and that the response to temperature is associated with the regulation of MAPK/VIP1 defense signaling pathway.     

The effects of Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium L. crude leaf extracts on the toxicity, development, feeding efficiency and chemical activities of small cabbage Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC₅₀ and LC₂₅ values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests.     

枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫的寄主趋向和产卵选择

采用固相微萃取(SPME)和GC-MS分析研究木枣和酸枣挥发物成分,并测试枣镰翅小卷蛾触角电位(EAG)反应、寄主趋向和产卵选择,以探明枣镰翅小卷蛾的寄主选择机制。结果显示,在萌芽期,木枣和酸枣嫩叶的挥发成分均为罗勒烯、2-甲基-2-菠烯、α-法呢烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种,但相对含量稍有不同。枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫对木枣和酸枣2种寄主都有强烈的EAG反应,且同一寄主上雌蛾的EAG反应值极显著地高于雄蛾,其EAG值是雄蛾的3.3倍。枣镰翅小卷蛾对木枣表现强烈的趋向反应,而对酸枣的趋向不明显,且雌虫的趋向反应显著高于雄虫。木枣上的产卵量显著高于酸枣,且木枣枣吊上的单雌产卵量为307.9粒,极显著地高于酸枣枣吊上的产卵量(182.9粒)。研究表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾在寄主选择中起主导作用,木枣是其嗜好寄主。     

Analysis of two acetylcholinesterase genes in Bombyx mori

Two acetylcholinesterases (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) cDNAs were identified and cloned from silkworm, Bombyx mori. One of those, BmAChE-o cDNA, is comprised of 3197 nucleotides which encode 638 amino acids, having an amino acid sequence homology of 72% with Drosophila melanogaster Ace-orthologous AChE (AO-AChE). In some species, another AChE group based on the sequence, Drosophila Ace-paralogous AChE (AP-AChE) has been recognized in relation to organophosphate- or carbamate-resistance, but there have been few reports of AP-AChE among lepidopteran species. However, we isolated the AP-AChE from lepidopteran silkworm, and cloned full ORF as BmAChE-p, which cDNA consisted of 2465 nucleotides that encode 683 amino acids. The homologies with other AP-AChEs were over 60% when compared. Although silkworm is not a target of pesticides, the genomic information obtained in this study will contribute to insecticide-resistance study on lepidopteran pest species.     

菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌在土壤和植株残体中的越冬能力

为评估菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种或褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种在土壤及植物残体中的越冬能力,对采自黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北及新疆的18块菜豆生产田的20份土壤及14份植物残体样品进行病原菌分离和鉴定。在MT选择性培养基上有12个土壤样品和13个植株残体样品提取液产生典型的类似黄单胞菌菌落。选取29个分离物进行致病性测定,有27个分离物对菜豆品种"英国红"致病。利用地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种和褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种的特异性引物X4c/X4e及褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种特异性引物Xf1/Xf2对29个分离物进行多重PCR检测,其中17个分离物为地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种,10个分离物为褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种。结果表明,菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌可以在黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北的一些菜豆种植区的土壤及植株残体中越冬存活。     

两株棒束孢菌的鉴定及其对茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾的致病力

为明确分离自茶卷叶蛾和中华大刀螳僵虫的2株虫生真菌的归属及生防潜力,采用形态学特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析其分类地位,测定了其对茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的致病力,并初步筛选了其最适培养条件.结果表明:2株真菌均为环链棒束孢Isaria cateniannulata,分别命名为ICBS918和ICTL911.在1.0×10⁸孢子/mL浓度下,ICBS918和ICTL911对茶卷叶蛾幼虫的累计校正死亡率均达100%,LT₅₀分别为3.13 d和3.15 d;对茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的累计校正死亡率分别为100%和95%,LT₅₀分别为3.25 d和3.31 d.接菌后8 d,2菌株对茶卷叶蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为0.47×10⁵孢子/mL和1.01×10⁵孢子/mL;对茶小卷叶蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为2.20×10⁵孢子/mL和1.34×10⁵孢子/mL.2菌株23 ℃下最适生长培养基均为综合马铃薯培养基,最适产孢培养基均为蛋白胨马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基;在萨氏培养基上,菌株ICBS918和ICTL911分别在24~30 ℃及24 ℃时生长速度最快,在27 ℃和21 ℃时产孢量最大.表明2株环链棒束孢对茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾幼虫均具有较好的生防潜力,可作为生防菌进行开发和应用.     

苏云金杆菌亚致死浓度对美国白蛾及其寄生蜂生长发育的影响

为阐明苏云金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)与白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的协同作用,分别用103~108孢子/m L的6个Bt浓度处理美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea 2龄幼虫后,通过室内试验测定了Bt对其致死、亚致死效应,及亚致死浓度Bt对寄生蜂子代出蜂的影响。结果表明,浓度106孢子/m L处理组美国白蛾均未能化蛹;而106孢子/m L处理组均能化蛹并羽化,且幼虫发育历期随Bt浓度的增加而延长,平均蛹重在74.92~92.18 mg之间,均高于对照的68.66 mg,但蛹重不呈线性规律变化。当Bt对美国白蛾平均校正死亡率低于17.17%时,幼虫发育历期延迟不明显,但平均蛹重为101.11~124.34 mg,均高于对照;接蜂后能够正常出蜂,出蜂率为33.13%~51.25%,每蛹出蜂量为117.43~143.42头,均显著高于对照。表明用平均校正死亡率低于20%的Bt处理对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生有利,2种生防措施协同作用存在增效潜力。     

草间钻头蛛体内沃尔巴克氏体的去除及其感染对宿主生殖和适合度的影响

采用在草间钻头蛛Hylyphantes graminicola的饮水和人工饲料中添加四环素的方法研究了蜘蛛体内沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)的去除.同时,通过设置草间钻头蛛Wolbachia感染种群与未感染种群之间不同的交配方式,研究Wolbachia感染对草间钻头蛛生殖和适合度的影响.结果显示,在草间钻头蛛的饮水和人工饲料中添加四环素均能部分去除草间钻头蛛体内的Wolbachia,在供试最高浓度下,去除率分别为40％和50％.4种不同的交配组合下,草间钻头蛛雌蛛均能产卵,卵的孵化率差异不显著,Wolbachia感染对草间钻头蛛的生殖无影响.感染Wolbachia的草间钻头蛛所产第1卵袋的卵历期为6.65d,极显著高于未感染Wolbachia的卵历期(P =0.008).感染与未感染Wolbachia的草间钻头蛛种群世代存活率、性比以及适合度均无显著差异.