纳米蒙脱土对脲醛树脂性能的影响

探讨纳米蒙脱土对脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能的影响。试验表明,将未处理的纳米蒙脱土直接加入到脲醛树脂中,基本不能改善脲醛树脂的性能。纳米蒙脱土通过插层处理使之变为有机纳米蒙脱土后,能显著改善脲醛树脂的综合性能,用其生产出的胶合板、刨花板、MDF的主要性能指标均有较大提高。     

木材/无机纳米复合材料研究现状与展望

在纳米材料特征、制备方法、纳米复合材料等方面研究成果的基础上,国内外的学者对木材无机纳米复合材料进行了初步研究.研究表明,木材内部具有容纳纳米粒子的纳米空间,它存在于木材细胞壁上的微细纤维之间;并存在能与纳米粒子结合的活性基团;可用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)、原位插层合成法、注入填充法等方法,形成木材/无机纳米复合材料;木材原有性能均能有不同程度的提高,甚至有可能产生全新的性能.基于木材的特点,以木材/无机纳米复合材料的工业化研究为目标,分析木材/无机纳米复合材料的制备、检测与分析表征的研究现状,提出研究建议与展望,主要包括无机纳米材料的筛选、表面改性和分散处理、纳米粒子与木材复合的途径和复合机理研究、木材/无机纳米复合材料的结构表征和性能分析及其应用研究等.     

纳米纤维素/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及性能研究

以纳米纤维素(CNF)为原料,与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性的蒙脱土(MMT)进行插层复配制备复合材料CTAB@MMT-CNF.探讨了CTAB用量对CTAB@MMT-CNF结构性能的影响,表征并分析了CTAB@MMT-CNF的红外光谱、微观形貌和热稳定性,考察了复合材料及其用量、被处理对象亚甲基蓝(MB)浓度对...     

杉木/钙基蒙脱土插层复合材的结构表征

为了对杉木/钙基蒙脱土插层复合材的结构进行表征,笔者通过色差计测定其颜色,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)测定了其微观结构.研究结果表明:1.通过色差计可见,杉木/钙基蒙脱土插层复合材的颜色比未处理杉木深,但杉木的天然纹理并没有被改变.2.通过SEM可见,钙基蒙脱土全部或基本充实整个细胞腔和纹孔腔,且填充完整连续,与细胞壁紧密接触.但杉木的填充存在不均匀性,单个细胞和纹孔中,其填充程度也有差异.3.XRD证明,杉木/钙基蒙脱土捕层复合板材中水溶性酚醛树脂插入到钙基蒙脱土层间,为插层型复合材料.蒙脱土和酚醛树脂在一定程度上撑大了杉木的无定区域.     

DDAC改性蒙脱土-木材复合材料的应力松弛

以二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)为蒙脱土的改性剂及中间介质,通过真空浸注制备蒙脱土-木材复合材料(MWC),分析不同处理方式试材的增重率、应力松弛和X射线衍射(XRD)表征。结果表明:MWC的增重率基本随着处理液中蒙脱土质量分数的增加而增加,并在有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为7%时,达到最大值;MWC的应力松弛性质发生了明显的变化,其中OMMT的质量分数对MWC应力松弛有较大的影响,质量分数为3%的处理液所处理试件的应力松弛量最小;木材的含水率状态对MWC的应力松弛性能的影响很大,饱水状态与绝干、气干状态相比较,其应力松弛量最大,绝干状态的应力松弛变化曲线最缓慢;蒙脱土未能充分进入到木材内部,但是进入到木材表面空隙或极少量进入到木材内部空隙的蒙脱土对杉木的应力松弛性能产生很大的影响。     

脲醛树脂的纳米级改性研究

介绍了蒙脱土、有机蒙脱土、木质素三种物质对脲醛树脂的改性过程并对改性后脲醛树脂的各项性能进行了测试。结果表明:蒙脱土通过插层处理变为有机蒙脱土后,能显著改善脲醛树脂的性能指标。木质素和未改性的蒙脱土对改善脲醛树脂胶黏剂游离甲醛释放量几乎无影响。     

蒙脱土/石蜡复合乳液改性高温热处理材的吸水吸湿性

使用南方松作为研究材料,使用有机蒙脱土/石蜡复合乳液对试材进行浸渍,结合高温热处理技术对改性材进行X射线衍射(XRD)研究。结果表明,将有机蒙脱土和石蜡等存在结晶结构的物质引入木材中会使木材的相对结晶度提高。将处理材和未处理材的平衡含水率和吸水性进行对比,结果表明有机蒙脱土/石蜡复合乳液浸渍处理可以有效地降低高温热处理材的平衡含水率、吸水率和体积膨胀率,先高温热处理后再使用有机蒙脱土/石蜡复合乳液进行的浸渍处理工艺效果最佳。     

MMT/PVA/木材复合材料的物理力学性能

分别采用一步法和两步法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)和有机蒙脱土(MMT)的复合处理液,复合处理液通过满细胞法真空加压浸注杉木试材,制备MMT/PVA/杉木材复合材料(PVDMW).测定了PVDMW的吸水率、抗胀缩率(As)、表面硬度、顺纹抗压强度和抗水流失性,同时采用红外光谱分析(FT-IR)对两种方法机理进行分析.研究结果...     

用无机纳米材料复合改性木材的机理研究进展

介绍了用无机纳米材料改性木材及所获复合材料体系的形成过程、复合机理等方面的研究进展。包括:木材-无机纳米复合材料纳米尺度的形貌、结构观测与表征,采用电镜技术、能谱技术进行其的组成和化学价态的表面分析,采用微区FTIR分析技术测定纳米粒子在该材料体系中的分布及与木材组分的结合状态,用波谱分析的方法,分析纳米粒子在木材组份中的固着机理。     

改善木塑复合材料界面相容性的途径

本文介绍了国内外在改善木塑复合材料的界面复合性能方面所采用的最新研究方法和取得的研究成果。几乎所有的研究都表明:在木塑复合过程中木材与热塑性高分子聚合物之间界面的粘合性能和作为填充物的木材在热塑性高分子聚合物基材中的分散性是影响木塑复合材料的物理、力学性能的主要因素。同时对如何改进木塑复合材料界面相容性的研究方法进行了系统的介绍。     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

Design of Wood/Montmorillonite (MMT) Intercalation NanocompositeCollege of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R.China

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed "one-step" or "two-step" impregnating processes.     

Design Wood Nanocomposites from Polymer Nanocomposites

1INTRODUCTIONAsbiologicmaterialformedbycells,Woodhasparticularstructureandprominentproperties.Woodisgreenenvironmentalmaterial.Inthisaspect,otherengineeringmaterialscannotcomparewithwood.Woodhasmanyspecialvirtues,buthasalsomanyinherentdefectsthatcantbeovercomebyconventionalprocessingmethods.Woodcompositesaremoreadvantageousthancommonwoodandotherconventionalmaterialsincomposition,structure,propertiesandsoon.WiththegreatachievementsinWoodcompositematerials,manynewhigh-levelwoodcompositesha…     

Preparation of Chinese fir wood/MMT nanocomposites and the factors affecting it

The nano intercalation compounding of wood and MMT has important implications for the modification of wood and for the development of new materials. With water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin as an intermediary, the nanocomposites of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared via three impregnation methods, i.e. normal pres-sure, once and twice vacuum methods. Based on the weight percent gain (WPG) of impregnated wood, the effects of compounding wood and MMT in term...     

Preparation and characterization of wood/montmorillonite nanocomposites

With montmorillonite (MMT) organically modified as organophilic MMT (OMMT) and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) as intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC) were prepared via nano intercalation compounding and characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. Results show that: 1) the preparation of OMMT is very successful; 2) the self-made PF can effectively intercalate into MMT to increase markably its gallery distance and even exfoliate its nano silicate laminae; 3) the XRD analysis indicates that some exfoliated MMT enters the non-crystallized region of microfibrils in wood cell walls and the crystallinity degree of wood in WMNC decreases; 4) the SEM graphs show that multiform MMT exists in WMNC. Some grains block in wood cell lumen, some layers adhere to the wood surface of the inner cell wall and some exfoliated nanolaminae even insert into wood cell walls; and 5) the FTIR analysis suggests that MMT and wood in WMNC perhaps interact via certain chemical bonding.     

Properties of Wood/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

INTRODUCTIONWood possesses many special properties, such asbeautiful grain, natural color, high strength-to-weightratio, good electricity and heat insulation; and it can beeasily processed, glued or dyed. It is biodegradable,recyclable and environmental-friendly (Wang Tianminet al. 2002). But as a biomaterial, it also has intrinsicdefects as easy decaying, burning and deforming,which largely limits its usage. Nano science andtechnology opens a completely new way to developwood composites…     

Nanoscale in Wood,Nanowood and Wood—Inorganic Nanocomposites

In order to introduce nano science and technology(NST) into the research field of wood science and technology,and promote the research of wood science and wood-inorganic composites to nanoscale ,some new concepts,such as the nano space in wood,nano structure units of wood and nanowood are put forward in this paper based on the layer structure of wood cell wall and the pile-up model of its main components.Furthermore,the process of preparing nanowood is discussed,and wood-inorganic nanocomposites may be operated in three ways with wood (matrix) and inorganic filler phase in 0-2,0-3 or 2-3 dimensions respectively.The following results are obtained:(1) The nanoscale voids in wood indicate that wood has inherent space to accommodate nanosized materials,such as nanoparticles,nanotubes and nanosticks;(2) According to the size from top down,the nano structure units in wood can be classified as :nanolayers,nano CMF (cellulose microfibril) and matrixd,nano crystallite units and cellulose chain clusters,and these can theroretically from nanowood;(3) The preparation of wood-inorganic nanocomposites can be operated on 0-2,0-3 or 2-3 dimensions.     

Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC)

With water-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as an intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/montmorillonite nanocomposite (WMNC) was prepared through vacuum impregnation and characterized with XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analyses. The XRD analysis indicated that the wood crystallinity of WMNC decreased, the MMT exfoliated and some nano silicate layers entered into the non-crystallized microfibrillar region of the wood cell wall. Wood structure is anisotropic and its impregnation is anisotropic. Due to the nonuniformity of the MMT organic modification, PF intercalation and wood impregnation, the MMT configuration and distribution in wood were diverse. The SEM graphs of WMNC showed that some silicate grains were blocked in the wood cell lumen, some silicate layers adhered to the inner surface of the wood cell wall, and some exfoliated MMT layers even penetrated the wood cell wall. The obtained hydroxyl of WMNC increased and its ether linking decreased. It was considered that MMT and wood interacted not only with hydroxyl bonds, but also involved some chemical linking. Compared with untreated wood and the PF-impreg, the pyrolysis process of WMNC changed; its starting decomposing temperature decreased and its pyrolysis weight loss at high temperatures greatly decreased. The WMNC indicated certain nanoeffects of the composition of the inorganic MMT nanolamellae. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(1): 131–135 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

Properties of PP/wood flour/organomodified montmorillonite nanocomposites

In this research, composites based on polypropylene (PP), beech wood flour, and organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared and characterized for their properties. The blend nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing of PP/WF at 50% weight ratios with various amounts of OMMT (0, 3, and 6 per hundred compounds (phc)) in a Hakee internal mixer. Then the samples were made by injection molding. The influence of organomodified montmorillonite contents on clay dispersion, physical and mechanical properties of PP/wood flour composites were investigated. Results indicated that the flexural strength and modulus, tensile strength and modulus increased by addition of 3 per hundred compounds (phc) of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT), but decreased with 6 phc OMMT addition. However, impact strength, water absorption and thickness swelling of the composites decreased with increasing nanoclay loading. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the nanocomposites formed were intercalated. Also, morphological findings showed that samples containing 3 phc of OMMT had higher order of intercalation.