规模养殖户病历档案的应用

及时建立病历档案，对搞好畜禽的饲养管理和疾病防治，提高养殖户的经济效益具有十分重要的意义。我县养鸡专业户卢某的蛋鸡场，常年饲养蛋鸡10000余只。年均经济效益在10万元以上，他的成功秘诀，就是建立病历档案。十几年如一日，从不间断，收益不浅。现将病历档案的书写原则、记载内容和应用体会介绍如下。     

规模养殖户保健档案的应用

随着集约化养殖场在农村的不断兴建，成千上万头（只）规模的养殖专业户在农村已屡见不鲜。及时建立保健档案，对搞好畜禽的饲养管理和疾病防治，提高养殖户的经济效益具有十分重要的意义。我县养鸡专业户卢菜的蛋鸡场常年饲养蛋鸡10000余只，年均经济效益在10万元以上，他的成功秘诀就是建立保健档案，十几年如一日，从不间断，收益匪浅。现将保健档案的书写原则、记载内容和应用体会介绍如下。     

农村肉鸡苗引进饲养关键措施的探讨

随着畜牧业快速发展，农村肉鸡饲养速度加快，专业户不断涌现。但是，由于饲养管理技术水平不同，所产生的经济效益各异，即使同一批鸡苗不同的饲养户饲养，都产生了不同的经济效益。现就根据笔者几年来的工作实践，针对农村肉鸡苗引进饲养存在问题及关键措施提出探讨。     

养鸡专业户在饲养管理上应注意的问题

近年来．随着养鸡业的进一步发展．在农村涌现出一大批上规模上档次的养鸡专业户。然而．我们在与养鸡专业户的接触中．发现有些养鸡户在饲养管理上存在着防疫制度不严格、鸡种来源杂、乱加添加剂、滥用药物、饲养员不固定等问题。这些问题都会直接影响到养鸡专业户的经济效益．甚至会造成较为严重的经济损失。现根据上述几个问题提出几点改进方法．供广大养鸡专业户参考。一、严格遵守卫生防疫制度鸡病的种类繁多．病变复杂．但只要我们认真对待卫生防疫工作．细心抓好每一个环节．鸡病是完全可以控制的。有些养鸡专业户不太重视鸡群的隔离…     

提高饲养长毛鬼效益的主要措施

近几年来，兔毛市场行情看好，养殖长毛兔的专业户不断增多．但并不是所有专业户都取得了可观的经济效益。据笔者调查。影响饲养长毛兔经济效益主要有五个方面。现将提高饲养长毛兔效益的主要措施作一阐述。     

当前农村肉鸡饲养存在的问题

随着农村养鸡业的迅速发展，在农村涌现出很多的养鸡专业户。但是，同一批鸡苗，相同的饲养，却产生不同的经济效益，原因就是缺乏规范的饲养管理技术和正确的疾病防治知识。当前农村肉鸡饲养存在很多问题，主要表现如下：     

养鸡新手育雏前忙什么？

根据农村养鸡专业户在饲养过程中出现的问题和需要加强的环节，结合一些专业户的实践经验，现将养鸡专业户在开始养殖之前，应该掌握和注意的关键技术及环节进行论述，以供初养者参考，并与有关养鸡专业户探讨。[编者按]     

浅谈专业户养羊疾病综合防治

随着专业户养羊规模的逐步扩大和数量的增加，目前困扰养羊业发展较突出的问题是病多与革缺．笔者在本县就遇到了五户专业户；养羊的数量都在100～200只、形成了一定的规模．但这些专业户因缺乏对羊的饲养管理经验和羊病综合防治措施．结果．传染病、寄生虫病流行．80％的羊病死．造成了巨大的经济损失．现就专业户规模养羊及羊病防治．提出以下措施．供参考．1饲养管理1.1坚持自繁自养选羊品种较好的健康公羊和母羊．自繁自养．防止因从外地引入羊只带来病原．1.2放牧饲养放牧是最经济的饲养方式，既能使羊获取全面营养，又能锻炼羊的体质…     

近几年生猪市场行情变化特点浅析

近几年来，随着农村经济发展和农民生活水平的提高以及农业产业结构的调整，农村富余劳动力向非农产业的转移，广大农村传统养猪逐渐减少，专业户规模养猪迅速增多。而专业户养猪，多数不是常年自繁自养，均衡出栏，一般是根据自身的条件和对生猪市场行情预测判断，确定饲养时间和饲养规模，生猪饲养数量增加快，出栏也快，这既可以调节生猪市场，也可能冲击生猪市场。     

冬季肉鸡饲料管理要点

随着农村养鸡业的迅速发展，鸡蛋已处于低水平的饱和状态，相比之下，肉鸡饲养效益较好，农村不断涌现出更多的肉鸡养殖专业户。但是，同一批鸡苗，相同的饲养条件，却产生不同的经济效益，原因就是缺乏规范的饲养管理技术和正确的疾病防治知识。当前已进入冬季，为帮助广大养鸡户搞好冬季饲养，现将本人多年饲养经验介绍给大家，以求共同提高。[编者按]     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.