微生态制剂对刺参养殖的影响

研究旨在探究微生态制剂在刺参养殖中的效果。在饵料中添加微生态制剂,分别研究了EM菌和饵料的配合比例以及混合时间对刺参生长率、肠道4种消化酶以及养殖水质的影响。研究发现,EM菌与饵料配合比例为21时,幼参5 d的生长率可提高到4.23%,高于对照组的2.92%;肠道内容物中的酶活依次为蛋白酶活性45.11 U/g、纤维素酶活性2.13 U/g和褐藻酸酶活性3.34 U/g,肠壁的淀粉酶活性为4.05 U/g;养殖水体中亚硝态氮、氨氮含量达到最低,分别为0.032 mg/l和0.478 mg/l。EM菌与饵料混合8 h,5 d的生长率最高达到5.41%,高于对照组的4.01%;肠道内容物中的酶活依次为蛋白酶活性46.09 U/g、纤维素酶活性2.23 U/g和褐藻酸酶活性3.33 U/g,肠壁淀粉酶活性为4.23 U/g;养殖水体中亚硝态氮、氨氮含量最低,分别为0.070 mg/l和0.670 mg/l。EM菌的使用方式对刺参养殖有影响,合理使用将更能体现出微生态制剂的功效。     

微生物水质净化剂在水产养殖中的应用

微生物水质净化剂在集约化水产养殖业中，作为生物防治方法用来改良水质，已取得了显著效果。综述了微生物水质净化剂的作用机理、应用现状，并介绍了科学使用方法。     

筛选乳酸杆菌优良菌株的研究

作为抗生素的可能替代品，益生素日益引起人们的重视。目前我国已有不少益生素饲料添加剂产品投放市场，但无论是产品本身质量，还是使用效果仍不尽如人意，归纳起来主要有以下几方面：１）受环境条件（温度、水分、酸碱度等）的影响，益生素产品中的活菌在生产、运输中易失活，从而降低使用效果；２）加工的高温过程，使大量的活菌有效成分失活；３）饲料中添加的或在治疗过程中使用的抗生素和化学合成抗菌剂，对益生菌同样具有杀灭或抑制作用；４）进入消化道后不能有效抵抗胃酸、胆盐等的作用，无法长时间定植肠道发挥其功效；５）对动物…     

活菌制剂改进猪氮转化和减少猪舍氨气的研究

试验在两条万头猪生产线的生长猪舍内同步进行，在生长猪正常日粮中添加0．05％的活菌制剂，添加前和持续添加10d后，分别测定猪舍内氨气含量和粪便，尿中总氮和氨氮的浓度，结果表明，连续使用活菌制剂10d后，两条线舍内氨含量分别降低了40．28％，和56．46％，尿中总氮和氨氮降低25％－38％，差异显著；粪中总氮和氨氮差异不显著。     

微生物处理秸秆技术

海星秸秆发酵活干菌是从国外引进生产的一种微生物混合菌。经海星微生物发酵活干菌发酵贮存（以下称做贮）的秸秆营养价值高,适口性好、保存期长、成本低、操作简便。适用于麦秸、稻秸,玉米青、黄秸秆等多种作物秸秆。经测试,麦秸微贮后,蛋白质提高10．7％,纤维素降低4．2％,半纤维素降低43．8％,木质素降低10．2％。该活干菌为粉状,每克含活菌数为500亿个,是由高效木质纤维分解菌和有机酸发酵菌混合制成,使用前需溶解于一定量的清水中复活。其作用是高效降解秸秆中的木质纤维素物质,补充和贮备易发酵的糖类,使其转化为有机酸。…     

载菌硅酸盐净化甲鱼池塘水质的效果和机理探讨

利用载菌硅酸盐进行了净化甲鱼池塘养殖水质的研究,结果表明,载菌硅酸盐结合了附载材料硅酸盐和复合有益菌株各自的优势,在甲鱼养殖池塘水体中添加,通过吸附和转化、降解等作用可以显著降低水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐、硫化物和COD的浓度(P<0.05),但对pH值的影响不显著,试验结果为甲鱼池塘养殖水质净化提供了一个新的思路。     

一种水产养殖用微生物制剂的研究

利用枯草芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌和啤酒酵母4种菌株配制了一种复合微生物制剂,试验结果表明,该制剂除含有丰富的营养成分外,在水产养殖中还能起到净水剂的作用,它能增加水中的溶解氧,显著降低氨氮、亚硝态氮、硫化物等不利于水产养殖的污染成分。此微生物制剂在水产养殖中将能发挥营养、保健及净化水质的功效。     

科研聚焦

本文对科研中的几个热门研究（利用多准则分析研究饲养模式；利用表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率预测肉鸡混合日粮中氨基酸消化率的效果；肉用鹌鹑成肌素基因多态性分析；鸡更喜欢自然光照还是人工光照；巴西肉鸡场空肠弯曲杆菌的脉冲场凝胶电泳和耐药性分析；鸡粪的含氮量及其与饲料营养物质含量的关系；水热处理温度条件对禽肉品质的影响；尼日利亚家禽养殖场沙门菌抗菌药物的使用与耐药性的相关性分析；添加霉菌毒素吸附剂对图卢兹鹅实验性黄曲霉毒素中毒的评价；肉鸡的早期饲养方法；混合有机酸对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响；甜菜碱可降低血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度并提高骨骼强度）进行了简要概述，希望能为科研工作者和养殖者提供技术支持。     

渔业水质监测及管理──水质分析盒的研制与应用

本文提出的水质分析盒，配有各种试剂与标准色卡，可及时测定水中溶解氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硫化氢，并有检验氯消毒剂质量的方法。该分析盒的特点：简便快速，易于掌握，准确可靠，养殖人员在现场能监测池水中溶解氧及有害物质的含量。     

在水产养殖中使用微生物活菌制剂应注意的问题

近年来，为了改善养殖池塘的水质和预防水产养殖动物的疾病，在水产养殖业中各种微生物制剂的应用越来越多。目前，市场上销售的微生物活菌制剂大概可以分为几大类：从微生物种属上划分，有光合细菌、芽胞杆菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、硫化细菌等；从产品剂型上划分，有水     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.