氟唑磺隆水分散粒剂防除冬小麦田杂草效果

近年来麦田禾本科杂草种群密度呈逐年上升趋势,其中雀麦、野燕麦对小麦危害尤为突出。由于与小麦同为禾本科,所以防除难度较大。70%氟唑磺隆水分散粒剂对雀麦、野燕麦等禾本科杂草防效达98%以上,对荠菜、播娘蒿等阔叶杂草也有较好的防效,是一种理想的麦田除草剂。     

磺酰脲类除草剂加二甲四氯的除草效果

江苏省淮安市楚州区麦田杂草种类繁多 ,主要为禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草。阔叶杂草主要有猪殃殃、荠菜、牛繁缕、大巢菜等。前几年小麦田阔叶杂草的化学防除主要以冬前使用氯磺隆和甲磺隆 ,春后使用施甲合剂 ,防除效果比较理想。但随着氯磺隆和甲磺隆的限制使用 ,冬前的化除有一定难度。近年来除氯磺隆和甲磺隆以外的其它磺酰脲类除草剂如苄磺隆、噻磺隆、苯磺隆等防除麦田阔叶草具有较明显的防治效果 ,也比较经济 ,但防效表现慢 ,对大巢菜效果较差。为了筛选冬后麦田防除阔叶杂草高效、安全、经济的除草剂配方 ,我们进行了本试验1　材料与方法1…     

36%甲基碘磺隆钠盐·甲基二磺隆可分散粒剂防除麦田禾本科恶性杂草节节麦推广应用

本文记述了临汾市植保部门秋末和初春应用新型除草剂3.6%甲基碘磺隆钠盐·甲基二磺隆可分散粒剂防治麦田节节麦、雀麦等禾本科恶性杂草的防效情况,以及不同用量、不同时间的药效情况.并提出了宜秋末冬前推广使用的建议.     

山东省东部15县市区麦田杂草调查及防除方法

为了探讨山东省东部地区麦田杂草发生情况,对山东省东部15个代表性县市区30个地块240个调查点进行了麦田杂草调查。调查结果表明,山东省东部麦田主要杂草有36种,其中越年生阔叶杂草24种,一年生阔叶杂草7种,越年生禾本科杂草3种,一年生禾本科杂草2种。针对杂草发生情况,提出了以草相选用苯磺隆、噻吩磺隆、氯氟吡氧乙酸、阔世玛、优先等除草剂为主的防除方法。     

新疆南部地区冬麦田杂草的发生与防治

当前影响南疆地区冬麦田的杂草主要有藜、播娘蒿、萹蓄、大蓟、涩荠菜、苦苣菜、田旋花、稗草、硬草等。阔叶杂草防除可选用苯磺隆、氯氟吡氧乙酸等药剂,禾本科杂草防除可选用精恶唑禾草灵、炔草酯、唑啉草酯·炔草酸等除草剂。在杂草混合危害的麦田,可选用苯磺隆与唑啉草酯·炔草酸或精禾草灵混配进行防除。施药时应采取二次稀释的方法,兑水量一般不少于450 kg／hm^2。     

几种除草剂不同施药期对麦田禾本科杂草的防除效果比较

分别在冬前与早春开展麦田禾本科杂草防除试验及安全性观察,结果显示,高剂量冬前使用5%唑啉草酯EC及早春使用3.6%二磺·甲碘隆WG均对小麦略有影响;冬前禾本科杂草防除选择6.9%精唑禾草灵EW、5%唑啉草酯EC、7.5%啶磺草胺WG等单剂与50%苯磺异丙WP复配使用,可取得较好的防除效果。在早春,几种除草剂与50%苯磺异丙WP复配使用对麦田禾本科杂草防除的优势不明显,而5%唑啉草酯EC和6.9%精唑禾草灵EW单剂对菵草均具有较好的防除效果,可推广用于早春菵草田块的杂草防除。     

9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂防除移栽稻田杂草试验

引进9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂防除移栽水稻田杂草,设计3个药剂处理:一是先做封闭处理,再使用9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂;二是每667 m~2用9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂55 mL+53%苯噻·苄可湿性粉剂80 g混用;三是每667 m~2用9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂55 mL(单用)。再用常规药剂做对照。试验结果表明,9.5%丙嗪嘧磺隆悬浮剂能有效防除水稻田阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草,可作为水稻田二次施药的常规药剂,且可与其他农药混用。     

麦磺隆防除麦田阔叶杂草试验

麦磺隆防除麦田阔叶杂草试验朱玉新，罗彩虹，任怀义（甘肃省平凉地区植保植检站７４４０００）播娘蒿、离子草是陇东地区麦田主要杂草，目前大面积化除均采用２，４－Ｄ丁酯，效果不太理想。麦磺隆是一种新型麦田除草剂，可防除多种阔叶杂草。为了验证该药剂在我区的使用...     

水旱轮作麦田杂草药剂防除试验初报

水旱轮作麦田禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草多混合发生,用15%炔草酸可湿性粉剂与36%唑草酮.苯磺隆可湿性粉剂(奔腾)复配,可一次性防除麦田杂草,对小麦安全。较佳的使用配比为36%唑草酮.苯磺隆用量应在75 g/hm2以上,15%炔草酸用量须在600 g/hm2以上。     

麦田使用磺酰脲类除草剂对后茬水稻生长的影响

麦田使用磺酰脲类除草剂对后茬水稻生长的影响胥爱连（江苏省阜宁县植保站２２４４００）近几年来，我县在麦田化除中使用了麦草完、麦草敌１号、麦草灵、甲·绿黄隆等磺酰脲类高效除草剂，这些除草剂在防除麦田阔叶杂草与看麦娘等禾本科杂草，取得了较好的防治效果，一度...     

扬州市邗江区小麦田杂草调查与日本看麦娘的化学防除

2014年对扬州市邗江区的麦田杂草进行了抽样调查,结果表明,小麦田禾本科杂草中优势种类为日本看麦娘、菵草、看麦娘和硬草;阔叶杂草优势种有猪殃殃、野老鹳草、牛繁缕和泥胡菜;日本看麦娘在所有调查田间的发生密度最大、频度最高,且丘陵山区的发生程度重于沿江地区。对日本看麦娘的田间药效试验结果表明,炔草酯、甲基二磺隆对该地区日本看麦娘的防除效果均不理想,7．5％啶磺草胺可湿性粉剂（WP）187．5 g/hm2对麦田日本看麦娘的防除效果较好,且对小麦生长安全,是该地区麦田防除日本看麦娘的理想药剂。     

麦田新型除草剂砜吡草唑的除草活性

杂草严重影响小麦的丰产丰收,而使用除草剂是麦田杂草防除中最经济有效的手段。砜吡草唑是新型广谱、高活性的苗前土壤处理除草剂。明确砜吡草唑对麦田杂草的除草活性是该药剂在麦田应用的重要内容。本文采用温室盆栽法研究了其对麦田常见杂草的杀草谱及除草活性。研究结果表明:砜吡草唑土壤处理对麦田禾本科杂草鹅观草Roegneria kamoji、多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum、雀麦Bromus japonicus、棒头草Polypogon fugax、蜡烛草Phleum paniculatum,阔叶杂草大巢菜Vicia sativa、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、麦家公Lithospermum arvense、泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia具有良好的防除效果,但对节节麦Aegilops tauschii和野燕麦Avena fatua的防除效果略差。在推荐剂量180 g/hm^2下,对鹅观草、多花黑麦草、雀麦、棒头草、蜡烛草、大巢菜、播娘蒿、麦家公、泽漆的株抑制率和鲜重抑制率均可达到90%以上。而对节节麦和野燕麦的ED 90分别为209.54和886.43 g/hm^2,高于砜吡草唑的田间推荐剂量。砜吡草唑具有广泛的杀草谱及较高的除草活性,可作为小麦田杂草化学防除的重要候选药剂。     

化学除草对麦田杂草群落结构的影响

１９９３－１９９７和磺酰脲类除草剂进行麦田化学除草试验。结果表明,所使用的除草剂均能有效地防治阔叶杂草,如播娘蒿,荠莱,糖芥等,除草效果大于９０％。麦杂草种类的演变为今后进行麦田化学除草提出新的课题。     

Biological Control of Lantana

Abstract

Experiments conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines, showed that all commonly marketed formulations and derivatives of 2,4-D and MCPA were equally effective in controlling barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] and other annual weeds in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L). In the Philippines, these phenoxy acid herbicides cost US$2.50/ha as liquid formulations and US$5.50/ha as granular formulations. These low-cost herbicides provide excellent alternatives to hand weeding in transplanted tropical rice. Other herbicides which can control weeds before or after the weeds emerge are more expensive than 2,4-D or MCPA. Some of these selective herbicides, such as butachlor and TCE-styrene + 2,4-D, are in the Philippine market. Their prices vary from US$8 to US$12/ha.

For direct-seeded flooded rice, granular formulations of several new herbicides, such as butachlor, benthio-carb and C-288 (chemistry not yet disclosed), were highly selective in controlling barnyardgrass and other annual weeds under tropical conditions. C-288 controls algae in addition to annual weeds in direct-seeded flooded rice. Of these three promising herbicides, only butachlor is marketed in the Philippines at US$8/ha. For upland rice, the chemicals which look promising are butachlor, benthiocarb and fluorodifen. Butachlor liquid is available to rice farmers in Asia at about US$16/ha. These herbicides provide an excellent alternative to hand weeding. Generally a complete job of weed control in upland rice requires more than one hand weeding.     

Herbicide tank-mixing for post-emergence weed control in sugar beets

Tank-mixtures of selective herbicides were evaluated for 2 years on field-grown sugarbeets under two weed flora situations: (a) mixed floras of broad-leaved and grass weeds and (b) weed floras of broadleaves grown beyond their stages of greatest sensitivity to herbicides. In these situations single herbicides usually fail to provide satisfactory post-emergence weed control in sugarbeets. Of several tank-mixtures, which could be devised for use in the first situation, ethofurnesate + Betanal AM 11, diclofop-methyl + Betanal AM 11 and diclofop-methyl + metamitron gave synergistic phytotoxicity to sugarbeet seedlings. Synergism in weed control, becoming apparent by an accelerated appearance of the herbicidal effects, was obtained with the mixture alloxydimeton + Betanal AM 11. This mixture was not phytotoxic and appears to be the most efficient for simultaneous control of broad-leaved and grass weeds. From trials in the second situation it became apparent that the activity of metamitron, which was reduced on older weeds, could be restored by mixing with a non-phytotoxic oil or a low dose of Betanal AM 11. These mixtures should be useful when growth of sugarbeets has been retarded by carried-over herbicides, drought, frost, etc.     

扬州市麦田草相特点及杂草防除对策

为了摸清扬州地区麦田杂草种类、分布状况,通过倒“W”形九点取样法调查,结果表明麦田杂草有26科81种,其中里下河地区优势种为日本看麦娘、牛繁缕、菵草等;沿江地区优势种为菵草、日本看麦娘、牛繁缕等;丘陵山区优势种为日本看麦娘、猪秧秧、野老鹳等;同时发现当前存在着杂草抗药性增强、防治技术不到位等方面问题,提出了强抓土壤封闭处理、合理选用除草剂及开展技术宣传培训等对策。     

Pre-sowing herbicides in irrigated cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Sudan. I. Weed control and crop yields achieved with trifluralin and benfluralin.

Trifluralin in cotton and benfluralin in groudnut. incorporated pre-planting. gave satisfactory control of grass weeds and increased crop yields substantially. Oxadiazon as a pre-planting treatment did not give satisfactory additional control of dicotyledons resistant to the first two herbicides. A post-sowing mechanical ridging operation controlled some herbicide resistant weeds, but its effects depended on timing, weed species and growing conditions. Supportive hand weeding of resistant weeds (mainly dicotyledons) was most effective 4 weeks after crop emergence. Crop yields similar to clean weeded controls were achieved by combining trifluralin or benfluralin with moderate supportive hand weeding and re-ridging. Herbicide applications could be made several months before crop planting during the dry season, giving more effective use of spray equipment and operatives. Delays of up to 24 hours between spraying and incorporation by normal cultivation could be tolerated without loss of herbicidal activity.     

春播紫花苜蓿生长期（刈割后）的杂草防除研究

选用7种不同的除草处理,探究不同茬次刈割后的单、混用除草技术对紫花苜蓿的安全性、产量及杂草防除效果的影响.结果表明：一茬刈割后施药,杂草鲜重防效最好的是烯草酮＋2,4-DB,最差的是2,4-DB;禾草鲜防最好的是烯草酮,其次分别是精稳杀得和精喹禾灵,效果一般;喷施精稳杀得＋2,4-DB和精稳杀得＋苯达松可显著提高二茬的产量.然而,二茬刈割后施药,杂草鲜重防效最好的却是精稳杀得＋苯达松;喷施烯草酮、精稳杀得和精喹禾灵防除禾草的效果非常好,防效在86.18％ ～ 100.00％.喷施2,4-DB的单、混用处理三茬产量显著减少.此外,喷施2,4-DB和苯达松的单、混用处理对阔叶草的鲜重防效和株防效都超过66.70％.     

4种茎叶处理除草剂对半夏田杂草的防除效果

为有效解决半夏田草害问题, 选择4种茎叶除草剂进行半夏田杂草防除田间药效试验。结果表明:10%乙羧氟草醚EC 50~60 mL/667m2 (制剂用量,下同)处理与240 g/L乳氟禾草灵EC 20~30 mL/667m2处理能有效防除半夏田金腰箭、辣子草、土荆芥、金荞麦、紫花香薷、针筒菜、尼泊尔蓼等阔叶杂草, 且对半夏安全, 药后21 d对阔叶杂草株防效、鲜重防效均达90%以上, 与禾本科除草剂8.8%精喹禾灵EC 40 mL/667m2或108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 30 mL/667m2搭配使用对半夏田大部分杂草能实现较好防除。但两种阔叶除草剂持效期较短(30 d左右), 生产上可根据施药后期田间杂草发生情况, 采用人工拔除或进行第2次化学防除; 施药应避开中午高温时刻, 以免造成此类阔叶除草剂药害。研究结果可为半夏田除草剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。     

不同除草剂对11种冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果比较

小麦田除草剂的长期使用,造成麦田杂草群落发生变化。为建立不同区域优势杂草种类的化学防除技术,本研究采用室内盆栽法测定了14种除草剂对11种冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果。结果表明,灭草松可以较好地防除冬小麦田野老鹳草、牛繁缕、大巢菜、紫堇、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃、麦家公等阔叶杂草;吡草醚对野老鹳草、牛繁缕、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃、麦家公、荠菜等8种杂草防效突出。辛酰溴苯腈可很好地防除牛繁缕、大巢菜、小藜、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、麦家公等6种阔叶杂草;唑草酮对野老鹳草、牛繁缕、阿拉伯婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪殃殃等5种杂草防效突出。这4种除草剂及其适用浓度与其他供试药剂相比杀草谱更为广泛,对阔叶杂草防效较好。根据不同区域优势杂草种类,合理选用高效除草剂进行防除。