性诱剂对小菜蛾种群的迷向效果

采用迷向指标,评价了不同成虫密度、不同诱捕器数量对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用。结果表明,自设置性诱剂后的前6d,对小菜蛾成虫的迷向不断增强,10～18d后形成迷向高峰,18d后显著下降。在小菜蛾不同成虫密度下,随着田间菜蛾密度的增加,迷向率呈下降趋势,其中以田间蛾密度为4515～6000头/hm2时,迷向作用最强;同时性诱剂可有效地减少小菜蛾的田间落卵量,对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用105个/hm2效果较好。     

4种性诱剂产品对小菜蛾种群的诱集效果比较

2011年夏,在通海县与澄江县开展了不同性诱剂对小菜蛾的诱杀效果比较试验。结果表明:两个点的结果一致,不同性诱剂对小菜蛾的诱杀效果差异显著。澄江县在试验期以诱芯D的平均日诱蛾效果最高,诱蛾量11.3头/d,极显著高于诱芯A、B、C,诱芯A、B、C日平均诱蛾量分别为5.7头/d、4.1头/d、3头/d;通海县在试验期仍以诱芯D的平均日诱蛾效果最高,诱蛾量7.6头/d,极显著高于诱芯A、B、C,诱芯A、B、C日平均诱蛾量分别为4.9头/d、2.4头/d、2.9头/d,两个点4种诱芯在最高单日诱蛾量方面亦然;在不同时间段内,4种小菜蛾性诱剂产品的诱捕性能表现亦各异,其中在1～15d内,两个点都是诱芯D的平均诱蛾量最高,诱芯B和诱芯C平均诱蛾量相近,诱芯A居于诱芯D与诱芯B、C之中;但两个点都表现为10d后4种诱芯诱蛾量都明显下降,在16～30d内,两个点诱捕量为诱芯D>诱芯A>诱芯C>诱芯B;通海在31～50d内4种诱芯诱捕量仍为诱芯D>诱芯A>诱芯C>诱芯B;4种性诱剂的田间持续期亦有所差异,两个点都表现为以诱芯A、D的持续期最长,诱芯C次之,诱芯B最短。     

性诱剂防治枣园桃小食心虫试验

桃小食心虫在甘肃河西地区枣园内1年发生3代,第1代成虫羽化高峰期在翌年6月下旬,7月中下旬为第2代成虫羽化高峰期,8月中旬为第3代成虫羽化高峰期。性诱剂防治试验表明:不同产地诱芯年诱蛾数量差异不大;不同形状诱捕器诱蛾效果比较,船形诱捕器的诱蛾效果好,年诱蛾数量是三角形诱捕器的204.6%;从节约成本及防治效果来看,设置450个诱芯/hm²,对桃小食心虫可以起到较好的迷向和防治效果。     

信息素迷向法防治金纹细蛾

2018年4～8月在烟台市福山门楼镇东陌堂村和青岛农业大学胶州实验基地苹果园释放不同密度金纹细蛾信息素,研究迷向法防治金纹细蛾的技术和方法.结果表明,在烟台市每公顷施用信息素散发器1 500粒/hm2、4 500粒/hm2、9 000粒/hm2的区域,对金纹细蛾的平均迷向率分别达到71.2％、82.4％、89.6％,叶...     

金纹细蛾性外激素诱蛾报告

1989～1990年引进金纹细蛾性诱芯3300枚,在临沂地区7个县15个苹果园设立诱蛾测报点,指导了21万亩果园适期防治。金纹细蛾性诱芯含量200ug/枚,诱芯成分配比70:30(顺-10-十四碳烯乙酸酯),剂型为红色天然橡胶,瓶塞状,芯高14mm。该诱芯对金纹细蛾雄虫具有良好的诱捕和迷向性能。 经7个观察点的诱蛾数量动态显示:金纹细蛾在我区一年发生6代,越冬代在4月上旬,其余各代成虫发生盛期大多在5～9月的中旬末至下旬初。从树冠内南侧1.2、1.8和2.4m3个挂碗高度的诱蛾量方基分忻大明,1.2和2.4m高度的诱蛾见见结搏了!.Zoul.sin、、.Z4。仍个高度诱蛾组分别…     

桃潜叶蛾性诱测报与药剂防治试验

应用性诱芯进行诱杀桃潜叶蛾成虫、预测预报该虫的发生动态和防治技术研究.分析2011、2012年两年的试验数据表明,在甘肃秦安,桃潜叶蛾一年发生6～7代,世代重叠.在越冬代成虫发生高峰后的3～5天即第1代幼虫初孵化期喷1次药,以1％甲维盐3000倍液防治效果好,防效98.2％.在以后各代成虫高峰期后3～5天可择期喷药4次,适宜的喷药虫口密度临界值为666.7m2面积上5个诱捕器平均每天每个诱捕器诱得200头成虫时开始喷药.     

桃小食心虫性外激素不同配比诱蛾效果

1977年日本农林技术研究所玉木佳男等,从桃小食心虫雌蛾中分离出性外激素,鉴定其化学结构为A～顺—7—廿烯—11—酮,B～顺—7—十九烯—11—酮。并指出这两种成份以一定的比例在田间有很高的诱蛾活性. 1978年中国科学院动物研究所合成了桃小食心虫性外激素,经诱蛾测定,初步认为当A:B为100:5时,诱蛾效果较好。但也指出不一定是最佳配比. 为了取得最佳诱蛾配比,79年中国科学院动物研究所提供了八种A:B不同配比的橡皮塞诱芯,经在本所院内对桃小雄成虫染色释放回收,田间诱蛾测定,初步认为A:B90:1。、95:5诱蛾效果好,除诱蛾量多外,诱集力也比…     

皮暗斑螟性引诱剂田间防治试验

皮暗斑螟性引诱剂田间防治试验结果表明:性诱剂诱蛾量分布动态趋势能较好地反映出皮暗斑螟在当地气候条件下的发生规律,与田间发生危害情况一致,利用其进行预测预报,有较高的准确性,测报公式为y诱捕虫量=0.0181x有虫料率和y诱捕虫量=1.0214x虫口密度.皮暗斑螟性引诱剂对雄成虫的有效引诱距离为50 m.如作为防治措施,...     

甲基丁香酚和蛋白饵剂对海南杨桃园橘小实蝇诱控效果研究

于2010年6～9月采用甲基丁香酚诱杀雄成虫和蛋白饵剂诱杀雄、雌两性成虫的方法,开展了海南杨桃园橘小实蝇种群动态与诱控效果的研究.结果表明:橘小实蝇成虫发生高峰在7月中下旬,与杨桃1造果成熟期相吻合;橘小实蝇的种群密度与杨桃果实被害率明显呈正相关.表明采用诱杀两性成虫与及时处理落果等农业措施相结合的技术防治杨桃园橘小实蝇的效果显著,在不套袋和不施用农药的情况下2造杨桃保果率达81.3％.     

利用昆虫性诱剂调控菜田夜蛾的示范试验

进行了性诱剂防控甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的示范试验,结果表明,使用甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾性诱剂对于夜蛾幼虫的田间分布有影响,可减轻田间幼虫的发生数量,减少药剂使用次数。性诱剂控制种群密度具有显著作用和良好的应用前景。     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

Principles for forcing tulips,hyacinths, daffodils,Easter lilies and Dutch irises

Systematic investigations on the forcing of tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Easter lilies and Dutch iris have produced a fairly complete set of scientific principles. In this review, these principles have been classified into a 3-phase concept of forcing. These are: production, programming, and greenhouse. The production phase is defined as all processes which occur during bulb production and it terminates with the harvesting of the bulbs. The programming phase comprises all handling of the bulbs from harvesting until they are placed under greenhouse conditions. The greenhouse phase is the accelerated development of the bulbs until anthesis or marketing of the plants. These phases have been discussed relative to floral and root development and the basic environmental requirements of the bulb species.