利用Aroona近等基因系研究高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对面包加工品质的影响

【目的】低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）以Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c为背景,明确不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对面团流变学特性、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质作用大小。【方法】在新疆乌鲁木齐和石河子种植以澳大利亚小麦品种Aroona作为轮回亲本培育的近等基因系（NILs）,并测定其粉质仪、拉伸仪、贮藏蛋白组份含量和面包加工品质等参数。【结果】HMW-GS对延展性效应不显著,对面团强度效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10面团强度最大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最大面团强度,2*、7+9、2+12和1、7+9、2.2+12具有最好的延展性。HMW-GS对不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量（%UPP）效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-B1＞Glu-A1;就单个亚基对而言,7+9、17+18和5+10的%UPP最高;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10具有最高的%UPP。HMW-GS对面包总分效应大小为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;就单个亚基或亚基对而言,1、2*、2+12和5+10具有最高的面包总分;亚基组合1、7+9、2+12面包总分最高,1、7+9、5+10次之,null、7+9、2+12最低。【结论】在相同LMW-GS（Glu-A3c、Glu-B3b、Glu-D3c）背景下,HMW-GS对面团强度、%UPP和面包加工品质影响较大,对延展性影响较小;单个亚基或亚基对1、2*、7+9、17+18和5+10对小麦品质影响较大;亚基组合1、7+9、5+10可作为品质改良的最佳组合。     

Glu-1和Glu-3等位变异及1BL/1RS易位与面包和面条品质关系的研究

 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）组成和1BL/1RS易位是决定小麦加工品质的关键因素。将试验Ⅰ80份和试验Ⅱ78份国内外小麦品种分别在2种和4种环境条件下种植，研究了HMW-GS和LMW-GS的组成及1BL/1RS易位对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质的影响。结果表明，Glu-B1、Glu-D1和Glu-B3位点对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质的效应较大，而Glu-A3位点的效应较小。单个亚基对面筋强度和面包体积的贡献大小为，在Glu-A1位点，1＞2*＞N；在Glu-B1位点，7+8＞7+9；在Glu-D1位点，5+10＞4+12＞2+12；在Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d＞Glu-A3c＞Glu-A3a；在Glu-B3位点，Glu-B3d＞Glu-B3f＞Glu-B3b＞Glu-B3j。单个亚基对延伸性和面条评分的贡献大小为，在Glu-A1位点，1＞N；在Glu-B1位点，20＞7+9＞7+8；在Glu-D1位点，4+12＞5+10≥2+12；在Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3c≥Glu-A3d＞Glu-A3a；在Glu-B3位点，Glu-B3b≥Glu-B3f＞Glu-B3d＞Glu-B3j。1BL/1RS易位对面团流变学特性、面包和面条品质皆有极显著的负面影响。     

Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Dy10 on wheat dough properties and end-use quality

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the most critical grain storage proteins that determine the unique processing qualities of wheat. Although it is a part of the superior HMW-GS pair (Dx5+Dy10), the contribution of the Dy10 subunit to wheat processing quality remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Dy10 on wheat processing quality by generating and analyzing a deletion mutant (with the Dy10-null allele), and by elucidating the changes to wheat flour following the incorporation of purified Dy10. The Dy10-null allele was transcribed normally, but the Dy10 subunit was lacking. These findings implied that the Dy10-null allele reduced the glutenin:gliadin ratio and negatively affected dough strength (i.e., Zeleny sedimentation value, gluten index, and dough development and stability times) and the bread-making quality; however, it positively affected the biscuit-making quality. The incorporation of various amounts of purified Dy10 into wheat flour had a detrimental effect on biscuit-making quality. The results of this study demonstrate that the Dy10 subunit is essential for maintaining wheat dough strength. Furthermore, the Dy10-null allele may be exploited by soft wheat breeding programs.     

云南、西藏与新疆小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及遗传多样性分析

 用SDS-PAGE法分析了64份中国西部特有小麦征集材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及遗传多样性。从34份云南小麦中，发现2种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7+8、2+12和null、7、2+12）；从24份西藏小麦中，发现3种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7+8、2+12, null、6+8、2+12和null、7+8、2），其中西藏小麦TB18的Glu-D1位点仅编码亚基2；从6份新疆小麦中，观察到1种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7、2+12）。在云南、西藏和新疆这3种中国西部特有的小麦材料中，Glu-1位点分别出现4（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1a、Glu-B1b和Glu-D1a）、5（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1d、Glu-B1b、Glu-D1a和Glu-D1？）和3个（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1a和Glu-D1a）等位基因。云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦材料内的Nei's平均遗传变异系数分别为0.1574、0.1366和0，表明云南小麦和西藏小麦材料内的高分子量谷蛋白位点的遗传变异要高于新疆小麦。云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦A、B和D基因组的Nei's平均遗传变异系数分别为0、0.2674和0.0270，这说明在遗传多样性方面，Glu-B1位点最高，其次为Glu-D1位点，Glu-A1位点最低。     

Relationship between physicochemical characteristics of Korean wheat flour and quality attributes of steamed bread

The purpose of this study is to identify major factors affecting the manufacture and quality of steamed bread, consumed in Southeast Asia including China, Japan, and Korea. Hence, flours of 11 Korean wheat cultivars were used to evaluate quality attributes of two different styles of steamed bread, Korean style steamed bread (KSSB) and northern-style Chinese steamed bread (NSCSB). KSSB prepared more ingredients and higher optimum water absorption of dough than NSCSB because Korean consumers prefer white and glossy surface and soft crumb. KSSB showed lower height, larger diameter and volume of steamed bread, higher stress relaxation, and softer texture of crumb than NSCSB. The correlation between flour characteristics and quality of steamed bread was different in KSSB and NSCSB. About 90% of variability in the height and volume of KSSB could be predicted from protein content, mixing tolerance of Mixograph, average particle size of flour, final viscosity and solvent retention capacity. Protein content and quality parameters also could explain the variation of steamed bread height in NSCSB. Korean wheat carrying Glu-A3c allele produced higher volume of steamed bread (704.7 mL) than Glu-A3d allele (645.8 mL) in KSSB, although there was no significant difference in volume of NSCSB by glutenin compositions. Glu-D1d and Glu-A3c alleles had softer texture of crumb than Glu-D1f and Glu-A3d alleles in KSSB, Glu-B3i allele also showed lower hardness of crumb than their counterpart allele in NSCSB. Hard wheat showed higher height and volume of steamed bread, and lower stress relaxation and hardness of crumb than soft wheat in KSSB.     

弱筋小麦扬麦13品质对氮肥响应的稳定性分析

【目的】系统研究不同施氮量和施氮模式对扬麦13理化品质和饼干加工品质的影响,为弱筋小麦生产和育种提供理论支撑。【方法】试验于2012—2014年在江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所试验基地进行,设4个氮肥处理:A1(120 kg·hm~(-2))、A2(180 kg·hm~(-2))和A3(240 kg·hm~(-2)),氮肥运筹采用基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥7:1:2模式;A4(300 kg·hm~(-2)),氮肥运筹采用基肥:壮蘖肥:拔节肥5:1:4模式。成熟后收获晒干,测定籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值、粉质仪参数、吹泡仪参数及溶剂保持力(SRC)等理化品质指标;按AACC 10-52方法制作饼干,并测定饼干直径、厚度和酥脆性。【结果】在不同施氮量和施氮模式下,扬麦13蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及面团形成时间存在显著或极显著差异,SDS沉淀值、面团稳定时间、吸水率、吹泡仪参数(P值、L值、P/L和W值)及4种SRC值(水SRC、碳酸钠SRC、乳酸SRC和蔗糖SRC)均无显著差异,饼干加工品质包括饼干直径、直厚比、酥性和脆性亦无显著差异。扬麦13蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而增加,且各处理间差异显著。湿面筋含量随施氮量的增加而增加,仅A4与A1和A2差异显著。氮肥对扬麦13籽粒产量影响达到极显著水平,产量随施氮量的增加而增加,A1处理产量最低,A4处理产量最高,但A2、A3、A4处理间无显著差异。年份间蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、P值及饼干直径无显著差异,而形成时间、稳定时间、L值、P/L、W值及部分饼干评价参数存在显著或极显著差异。氮肥与年份的互作对SDS沉淀值、稳定时间、吸水率、P值、L值、P/L、W值、饼干直径和厚度等大部分品质参数无显著影响,但对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、形成时间、饼干厚度及脆性具有显著影响。【结论】施氮量和施氮模式对SDS沉淀值、SRC值、粉质仪参数、吹泡仪参数等多数理化品质指标和饼干加工品质无显著影响。利用扬麦13可以生产品质优良稳定的原粮,说明培育品质对氮肥响应钝感,指标较稳定的弱筋小麦品种是可能的。     

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。     

Allelic Variation and Genetic Diversity at HMW Glutenin Subunits Loci in Yunnan,Tibetan and Xinjiang Wheat

Allelic variation and genetic diversity at HMW glutenin subunits loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1and Glu-D1 were investigated in 64 accessions of three unique wheats of western China using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two HMW glutenin patterns (i.e., "null, 7+8, 2+12" and "null, 7, 2+12") in 34 Yunnan wheat accessions, 3 HMW glutenin patterns (i.e., "null, 7+8, 2+12"; "null, 6+8, 2+12" and "null, 7+8, 2") in 24 Tibetan accessions and 1 HMW glutenin pattern ("null, 7, 2+12") in 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions were found. The Tibetan accession TB18 was found to be with a rare subunit 2 encoded by Glu-D1. A total of 4 (i.e., Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a, Glu-B1b and Glu-D1a), 5 (i.e., Glu-A1c, Glu-B1d, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1a and Glu-D1) and 3 alleles (i.e.,Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a and Glu-D1a) at Glu-1 locus were identified among Yunnan, Tibetan and Xinjiang unique wheat accessions, respectively. For Yunnan wheat, Tibetan wheat and Xinjiang wheat, the Nei′s mean genetic variation indexes were 0.1574, 0.1366 and 0,respectively, which might indicate the higher genetic diversity at HMW glutenin subunits loci of Yunnan and Tibetan wheat accessions as compared to that of Xinjiang wheat accessions. Among the three genomes of hexaploid wheats of western China, the highest Nei′s genetic variation index was appeared in B genome with the mean value of 0.2674,while the indexes for genomes A and D were 0 and 0.0270, respectively. It might be reasonable to indicate that Glu-B1 showed the highest, Glu-D1 the intermediate and GluA1 always the lowest genetic diversity.     

小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)的遗传及其与品质的关系

对小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基 (L MW- GS)的遗传及其与品质的关系加以综述。小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基可分为 B组 L MW- GS、C组 L MW- GS和 D组 L MW- GS。编码位点分别为 Glu- 3位点、Gli- 1位点、Gli- 2位点和 Glu- 2位点。硬粒小麦中 D组 L MW- GS由 Gli- 3位点编码 ,Glu- D4位点和 Glu- D5位点分别编码 ,分子量分别为 30 k D和 33k D亚基。Glu- B2和 Glu- B4编码一些中迁移率 B组 L MW- GS。普通小麦中 Glu- A3位点上有 6个等位基因 ,Glu- B3位点上有 9个等位基因 ,Glu- D3位点上有 5个等位基因。L MW- GS对品质具有重要作用 ,对品质贡献与 HMW- GS极为相似。通过低分子量谷蛋白亚基的变异分析可得到 Glu- 3各等位基因位点与品质指标的相关性。Gli- A1和 Glu- A3位点发现重组率为 1.70± 0 .90 %。Gli- B1和 Glu- B3位点之间的重组率为 2 %。Glu- D3和 Gli- D1之间未发现明显重组。     

小麦近等基因系高分子量谷蛋白亚基对品质的影响

本研究以京411为背景的含有不同小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的小麦近等基因系为材料,通过1年3点试验,研究了HMW-GS与小麦SDS-沉降值、揉混特性的关系.结果表明:1)Glu-D1,Glu-B1,Glu-A1位点对沉降值和揉混特性的影响顺序为Glu-D1＞ Glu-B1＞ Glu-A1.2)各个位点对沉降值的贡献表现为,在Glu-A1上,N=1;在Glu-B1上7+8-17+18;在Glu-D1上,5+10＞2+12.3)各个位点对揉混特性的影响表现为,在Glu-A1位点上,N＞1;当Glu-B1位点为17+18亚基,Glu-D1位点为2+12亚基时,但N亚基与1亚基的揉混特性没显著性差异,但是当Glu-B1位点为7+8亚基,Glu-D1位点为2+12亚基时,N亚基的揉混特性明显优于1亚基;当Glu-A1亚基都为1,Glu-D1亚基都为2+12时,Glu-B1位点上7+8亚基与17+18的揉混特性无显著差异,但当Glu-A1亚基都为N,Glu-D1亚基都为2+12时,Glu-B1位点上7+8亚基的揉混特性优于17+18亚基;在Glu-D1上,5+10＞2+12.4)组合为N,7+8,5+10的小麦无论是在耐柔性上还是在面筋强度上都是最好的.研究还发现,Glu-D1位点对谷蛋白含量及揉混仪参数的加性效应最大.     

新疆小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基对其加工品质的影响

[目的]贮藏蛋白对小麦的加工品质起重要作用,高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基是研究的重点,明确新疆小麦谷蛋白亚基对加工品质的影响.[方法]以79份新疆小麦作为实验材料,进行SDS-PAGE和部分加工品质性状检测,分析了HMW-GS对小麦加工品质性状--蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值和硬度的影响.[结果]高分子量麦谷蛋白基因位点不同,对同一品质性状的效应不同,同一位点对不同的品质性状效应也不同,且同一位点的不同亚基间对品质性状的效应也存在差异.对于沉淀值,Glu-1的三个位点对其效应大小顺序为 Glu-D1> Glu-A1 >Glu-B1,而对于蛋白质含量,顺序则为Glu-B1> Glu-D1 >Glu-A1.高分子量谷蛋白亚基对加工品质的影响情况更为复杂,对于沉淀值, 2+11>5+10>5+12>3+12>2+12>4+12>2+10, 亚基2+12和2+11、5+10差异显著;对于蛋白质含量,2+10>5+12>4+12>2+12>5+10>2+11>3+12,亚基2+10和5+10、2+11、3+12差异显著.[结论]提高优质亚基1,5+10的频率,保持7+8亚基的频率,是新疆小麦育种的方向.     

青海省审定的小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传多样性研究

[目的]高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基是决定小麦面粉加工品质的一个重要因子.研究青海省审定小麦品种谷蛋白亚基组成的演变过程,有助于加强青海小麦的品质育种工作.[方法]采用SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)技术对青海省推广的71个小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成进行分析.[结果]71个小麦审定品种中出现了12个亚基类型,品质评价得分在4～10分,平均值为7.214分,评分为10分的材料有10个,占12.67;.[结论]研究发现近15 a青海省审定小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成有显著改良,主要是由于Glu-A1 和Glu-D1位点上的优质亚基频率显著提高所致,表明青海省小麦品质改良工作有新进展.但是,近15 a小麦品种在Glu-B1位点上的优质亚基频率有所降低.因此,下一步的小麦育种工作除了进一步加强Glu-A1 和Glu-D1位点的同时,需要强调Glu-B1位点优质亚基的选择.研究筛选出一些具有优质亚基组合的小麦品种,可作为改良青海小麦品质的基因资源.     

山西小麦品种(系)的高分子谷蛋白亚基遗传变异分析

应用SDS -PAGE技术 ,对来源于山西的 39份小麦品种 (系 ) ,其中 2 6个为已审定的被大面积推广的高产品种 ,1 3个为新近育成的优良品系 ,分析了它们的高分子谷蛋白亚基组成。同时按照Payne等的谷蛋白亚基评分标准 ,进行了品质评分。结果表明 ,山西小麦育成品系的高分子谷蛋白亚基的组成较差 ,主要表现在 :Glu -A1位点上主要为Null或 1亚基 ,2 较少 ;在Glu -B1上为 7+8、7+9或 2 0亚基 ;而在Glu -D1上主要为 2 +1 2亚基 ,优质的5 +1 0亚基组合较少。这也可能部分解释了山西小麦的烘烤品质较差的原因。因此 ,可以加强引进具有优质谷蛋白亚基的小麦种质资源 ,综合利用SDS -PAGE等技术将它们引入小麦品种中 ,丰富小麦品种中谷蛋白亚基组成的遗传基础 ,从而进一步提高山西小麦的品质育种的水平。另外 ,其中的 5个含优质亚基、兼抗条锈病的品种 (系 )可以作为四川小麦育种的种质资源     

Variations in the quality parameters and gluten proteins in synthetic hexaploid wheats solely expressing the Glu-D1 locus

This study evaluated the quality potential of seven synthetic hexaploid wheats (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) expressing only allelic variation at Glu-D1 of Aegilops tauschii (SHWSD). Major quality parameters related to dough strength, gluten proteins (including high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), gliadins), and their ratios between SHWSD and the weak gluten wheat control Chuannong 16 (CN16) were measured in at least three environments (except STD7). The zeleny sedimentation value (ZSV), dough development time (DDT), dough stability time (DST), and farinograph quality number (FQN) of SHWSD were considered stable under different environments, with their respective ranges being 8.00–17.67 mL, 0.57–1.50 min, 0.73–1.80 min, and 9.50–27.00. The ZSV, DDT, DST, and FQN of SHWSD were smaller than those of CN16, suggesting that SHWSD had a weaker dough strength than CN16. Although SHWSD had a lower gluten index than CN16, its wet and dry gluten contents were similar to or even higher than those of CN16 in all environments tested. The protein content of grains (12.81–18.21%) and flours (14.20–20.31%) in SHWSD was higher than that in CN16. The amount of HMW-GS in SHWSD sharply decreased under the expression of fewer HMW-GS genes, and the LMW-GS, gliadins, and total glutenins were simultaneously increased in SHWSD in comparison with CN16. Moreover, SHWSD had higher ratios of LMW-GS/glutenin and gliadin/glutenin but a lower ratio of HMW-GS/glutenin than CN16. These results provide necessary information for the utilization of SHWSD in weak-gluten wheat breeding.     

扬麦系列品种品质性状相关基因的分子检测

【目的】明确扬麦系列品种品质基因分布,为遗传育种和生产上应用扬麦品种提供参考。【方法】以21份扬麦系列品种的单系纯种为材料。采用SKCS-4100型单粒谷物特性测定仪测定籽粒硬度。采用功能性标记和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离技术对硬度、低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）、编码直链淀粉合成关键酶的Wx、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、黄色素含量（PSY）和穗发芽抗性（Vp1）基因进行鉴定,利用SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳技术对高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和Wx蛋白亚基进行鉴定分析。【结果】籽粒硬度分析表明21份扬麦系列品种材料中,软麦有16份,频率为76.19%,而硬麦和混合麦仅为19.05%和4.76%。分子检测表明硬麦和混合麦材料中有4份为pinb-D1b硬度基因突变,频率为供试材料的19.05%,其硬度指数均在60左右;16份软麦材料中未发现pinb-D1b硬度基因突变。HMW-GS分布情况为:Glu-A1位点1和Null频率分别为38.10%和61.90%,Glu-B1位点7+8和7+9频率分别为57.14%和42.86%,Glu-D1位点2+12和5+10频率分别为85.71%和14.29%。LMW-GS以“Glu-A3c,Glu-B3g”基因型为主,Glu-A3位点Glu-A3c和Glu-A3d基因型频率分别为90.48%和9.52%,Glu-B3位点Glu-B3g和Glu-B3i基因型频率分别为95.24%和4.76%。Wx分子检测表明仅扬麦13为Wx-B1b突变型;Wx蛋白电泳分析表明仅扬麦13和扬麦5号Wx-B1位点蛋白亚基缺失。2AL位点上高PPO活性基因型Ppo-A1a和低PPO活性基因型Ppo-A1b的频率分别为52.38%和42.86%,2DL位点低PPO活性基因型Ppo-D1频率为90.48%。高和低黄色素含量标记基因Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b,频率分别为19.05%和80.95%。穗发芽抗性基因功能标记Vp1B3扩增出抗穗发芽Vp1Bc和感穗发芽Vp1Ba两种基因型,频率分别为90.48%和9.52%。【结论】扬麦系列品种多数为弱筋小麦,这与其pinb-D1位点为pinb-D1a、Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点多为Null和2+12、Glu-A3多为c有关,可用作弱筋小麦育种的亲本;扬麦158和扬麦16等品种中筋品质优良,可能主要与其pinb-D1位点发生变异有关,在中筋品质改良中应加强pinb-D1位点变异的选择;扬麦1号、扬麦4号、扬麦5号、扬麦9号、扬麦18、扬麦19和扬麦22携有低PPO活性和低黄色素含量基因,可用作改良面粉白度和色泽的亲本;扬麦2号、扬麦4号和扬麦5号Glu-D1位点为“5+10”亚基,扬麦13和扬麦5号Wx-B1蛋白缺失,为扬麦系列品种中少有的优质性状,可用于改良中筋小麦的蛋白质和淀粉品质。     

人工合成小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析及新亚基的发现

利用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)对106份人工合成小麦(2n=6x=42,AABBDD)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析。共检测到27种亚基类型,其中Glu-D1位点上的变异类型最为丰富,发现了包含一种未知亚基及新的亚基组合在内的18种不同类型。分析发现:Glu-A1,Glu-B1和Glu-D1三个位点均编码与小麦面包烘烤品质密切相关的优质亚基类型,如2*,7 8,14 15,5 10,5 12亚基。因此,本批材料可能对小麦的品质改良具有重要的应用价值。     

QTL Mapping for Dough Mixing Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Waxy × Strong Gluten Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Protein and starch are the most important traits in determining processing quality in wheat. In order to understand the genetic basis of the influence of Waxy protein (Wx) and high molecular weight gluten subunit (HMW-GS) on processing quality, 256 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 and Gaocheng 8901 were used as mapping population. DArT (diversity arrays technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), HMW-GS, and Wx markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. QTLs for mixing peak time (MPT), mixing peak value (MPV), mixing peak width (MPW), and mixing peak integral (MPI) of Mixograph parameters were evaluated in three different environments. The genetic map comprised 498 markers, including 479 DArT, 14 SSR, 2 HMW-GS, and 3 Wx protein markers, covering 4 229.7 cM with an average distance of 9.77 cM. These markers were identified on 21 chromosomes. Eighteen additive QTLs were detected in three different environments, which were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 4A, 6A, and 7D. QMPT-1D.1 and QMPT-1D.2 were close to the Glu-D1 marker accounting for 35.2, 22.22 and 36.57% of the phenotypic variance in three environments, respectively. QMPV-1D and QMPV-4A were detected in all environments, and QMPV-4A was the nearest to Wx-B1. One minor QTL, QMPI-1A, was detected under three environments with the genetic distances of 0.9 cM from the nearest marker Glu-A1, explaining from 5.31 to 6.67% of the phenotypic variance. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D and 4A. Therefore, this genetic map is very important and useful for quality trait related QTL mapping in wheat. In addition, the finding of several major QTLs, based on the genetic analyses, further suggested the importance of Glu-1 loci on dough mixing characteristics.     

我国部分优质小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用SDS-PAGE方法对我国49份优质小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)进行了分析,共检测到13种亚基和16种亚基组合。结果表明:高分子量谷蛋白(Glu)变异较为丰富,Glu-A1位点有3个等位变异类型,Glu-B1有6个等位变异类型,Glu-D1有4个等位变异类型,而且还发现一些稀有亚基13 16。优质亚基5 10、2~*亚基在供试品种中的比例较高。供试品种HMW-GS品质得分为5～10分,平均为8.04分,表明在我国小麦育种中已注重加强优质谷蛋白亲本材料的引进和利用。     

小麦品质生态及品质区划研究——Ⅲ.河南省小麦品质生态区划

根据小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和8个生态因子的数据,用判别函数方法,将全省划分为7个小麦品质生态类型区。每区的小麦蛋白质、面筋、沉降值指标以及面团特性、面包指标都有明显差异;其中豫西北平原灌溉、丘陵旱地品质生态麦区为面包小麦适宜区,豫南多温稻茬生态区和沿黄砂土生态区是饼干、蛋糕小麦适宜区。