dCAPS markers developed for nitrate transporter genes TaNRT2L12s associating with 1 000-grain weight in wheat

Nitrate transporters(NRTs) are regulators of nitrate assimilation and transport. The genome sequences of TaNRT2L12-A,-B and -D were cloned from wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), and polymorphisms were analyzed by sequencing. TaNRT2L12-D in a germplasm population was highly conserved. However, 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in TaNRT2L12-A coding region and 11 SNPs in TaNRT2L12-B coding region were detected. Two derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences(d CAPS) markers A-CSNP1 and A-CSNP2 were developed for TaNRT2L12-A based on SNP-351 and SNP-729, and three haplotypes were identified in the germplasm population. B-CSNP1 and B-CSNP2 were developed for TaNRT2L12-B based on SNP-237 and SNP-1 227, and three haplotypes were detected in the germplasm population. Association analyses between the markers and agronomic traits in 30 environments and phenotypic comparisons revealed that A-CSNP2-A is a superior allele of shorter plant height(PH), length of penultimate internode(LPI) and peduncle length(PL), B-CSNP2-G is a superior allele of higher grain number per spike(GNS). Hap-6B-1 containing both superior alleles B-CSNP1-C and B-CSNP2-A is a superior haplotype of 1 000-grain weight(TGW). Expression analysis showed that TaNRT2L12-B is mainly expressed in the root base and regulated by nitrate. Therefore, TaNRT2L12 may be involved in nitrate transport and signaling to regulate TGW in wheat. The superior alleles and d CAPS markers of TaNRT2L12-A/B are beneficial to genetic improvement and germplasm enhancement with molecular markers-assisted selection.     

小麦株高和茎秆不同部位砷镉磷含量与籽粒砷镉磷含量的关系

以12个小麦品种为供试材料,利用盆栽试验研究了小麦穗下节间长、株高和茎秆不同部位砷、镉、磷含量在不同品种间的差异以及它们与小麦籽粒砷、镉、磷含量之间的关系。结果显示,小麦株高、穗下节间长以及茎秆不同部位砷、镉、磷含量存在明显的品种差异。皮尔森相关性分析结果显示,小麦籽粒砷含量与颖壳和穗轴部位砷含量显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.659(P0.01)和0.433(P0.05)。籽粒镉和磷含量与株高和穗下节间长呈显著负相关,其相关系数:镉分别为-0.264(P0.05)和-0.345(P0.01),磷分别为-0.583(P0.01)和-0.437(P0.01)。籽粒磷含量分别与颖壳、穗轴和节间磷含量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.526(P0.01)、0.430(P0.05)和0.532(P0.01)。籽粒砷和镉含量与颖壳和穗轴中磷含量均存在显著相关性。这些结果表明,颖壳和穗轴部位砷含量大小可以用来表征籽粒砷含量,选育植株较高的小麦品种有利于降低籽粒镉的积累。     

关岭牛TBC1D7基因单核苷酸多态性筛查及生物信息学分析

为探究关岭牛TBC1D7(TBC1 domain family,member 7)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism sites,SNPs)对其生长性状的影响。以贵州关岭牛为试验对象,构建DNA混合池,采用PCR扩增后直接测序法对关岭牛TBC1D7基因进行SNPs检测,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:关岭牛TBC1D7基因蛋白质编码区(CDS)全长882 bp,编码氨基酸293个,形成了一种不稳定的可溶性蛋白。该蛋白中不存在跨膜区域且不存在信号肽,为非分泌蛋白。蛋白中存在6个潜在的N-糖基化位点,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲构成;在关岭牛TBC1D7基因CDS区共发现了4个同义突变位点,分别为c.402T>C、c.414A>G、c.609C>T和c.648T>C。4个突变位点均导致关岭牛TBC1D7基因mRNA二级结构、自由能和基因频率发生变化。本实验筛查到关岭牛TBC1D7基因4个SNPs位点,表明关岭牛TBC1D7基因多态性丰富,为进一步研究TBC1D7基因变异和关岭牛生长发育性状的相关性提供理论基础。     

小麦矮秆基因Rht-8对株高和其它农艺性状的遗传效应

分析矮秆基因Rht-8的遗传力及其对小麦株高及相关农艺性状的影响。利用三个小麦品种晋麦47、西峰20、丰产3号分别与Rht-8的供体亲本济宁13杂交,以其F₂分离群体分析Rht-8的遗传效应。结果表明,丰产3号和济宁13后代的遗传力最高（74.32％）,西峰20、晋麦47与济宁13后代的遗传力分别为69.49%、67.60%。Rht-8在西峰20和济宁13的F₂中具有较强的效应,株高和穗下节分别降低了30.26％和19.20％。在丰产3号和晋麦47与济宁13的F₂中,株高和穗下节分别降低了27.14%和26.15%、14.86 %和14.59%。Rht-8减少了有效分蘖个数,对其他性状则无明显的不利影响。相关性分析表明株高与分蘖数显著正相关（r为0.415,0.355,0.489）,与穗下节显著正相关（r为0.408,0.450,0.500）;株高与穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数没有显著相关性。     

猪重要性状全基因组关联分析的研究进展

目的揭示大白猪丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶32B (serine/threonine kinase 32B,STK32B) 基因外显子8多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的关联。方法采用PCR产物直接测序法检测476头大白猪STK32B基因外显子8区域的SNP位点,结合2177窝母猪繁殖性能记录,采用最小二乘模型分析各SNP位点不同基因型及其单倍型组合对5个繁殖性状的影响。结果大白猪STK32B基因外显子8区域共检出3个SNP位点,包括2个同义突变位点 (A669G、C732T) 和1个错义突变位点 (C749T),分别以AA、CC、CC基因型和A、C、C等位基因的频率最高,3个位点的多态信息含量 (0.1450~0.1744) 和杂合度 (0.1574~0.1930) 总体不高。A669G位点的AA基因型可显著提高仔猪初生窝质量 (P<0.05);C732T位点与总产仔数、产活仔数、仔猪初生窝质量显著关联,其中TT基因型可显著提高总产仔数 (P<0.05),CT基因型可显著提高产活仔数和仔猪初生窝质量 (P<0.05);C749T位点的TT基因型可显著提高仔猪初生窝质量(P<0.05);3个位点单倍型组合ACC/ATC具有极显著提高总产仔数和产活仔数的效应 (P<0.01),ACC/ACT组合具有显著或极显著提高仔猪初生窝质量和断奶窝质量的效应 (P<0.05或P<0.01),ACC/GCT组合具有显著提高断奶仔猪数的效应(P<0.05)。结论研究结果初步揭示大白猪STK32B基因外显子8多态性与母猪繁殖性状显著关联,但3个位点单倍型组合的效应具有一定的性状特异性。     

Identification of SNPs and expression patterns of FZD3 gene and its effect on wool traits in Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type)

As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3(FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model(GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RTPCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1(NC_019459.2: g.101771685 TC(SNP1)) and exon 3(NC_019459.2: g.101810848, AC(SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter(MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight(LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight(GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool(SF) group was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of the fine wool(F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level(P0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels(P0.01) at the 65 th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep markerassisted selection(MAS).