东北茶藨子研究现状及开发前景展望

目前东北茶藨子绝大部分处于野生生长状态,为了开发利用该物种种质资源,现从东北茶藨子的生长分布、伴生林型、物候特点等林学特点为切入点,总结现有茶藨子属植物研究进展及其特点,参照其它开发较早的"第三代浆果"加工发展经验,提出适合东北茶藨子的3个发展方向,即营养成分开发、药用加工及色素提取。同时结合现有浆果开发的经验教训,提出了在未来加工产业发展中,应着重自育品种开发、选择最优贮存方法化、打造一体化经营的几点建议。     

黑穗醋栗育苗经验总结

<正> 黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.),俗称黑豆、紫梅、黑加仑等,属于茶藨子科(旧属虎耳草科)茶藨亚属的落叶小灌木,是黑龙江省主要栽培果树种类之一。     

华蔓茶藨子茎解剖构造及插穗不定根的形成

利用华蔓茶藨子当年生半木质化枝条,研究华蔓茶藨子茎解剖构造及插穗愈伤组织和不定根发生情况。结果表明:华蔓茶藨子半木质化茎中不具备潜伏不定根原基,其不定根生根类型属于诱发皮部生根类型,不定根原始体来源于初生韧皮部下层的形成层。愈伤组织不分化为不定根。     

黑穗醋栗水生根育苗初报

一、引言黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L·)别名黑果茶藨,俗称紫梅、黑豆、司马罗伊、“黑加仑”。属于茶藨子科(旧属虎耳草科)、茶藨亚属(一作穗状醋栗亚属)的浆果灌木,由于年生长周期短、耐寒,适宜我县浅山温凉湿润气候条件下种植。黑穗醋栗浆果含有丰富的各种糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素 A、B、C、D。维生素C 含量尤高,据牡丹江农科所综合化验室分析报导,每一百克鲜果中含一百二十至二百二     

茶藨子属植物无性繁殖技术和理论的研究进展

茶藨子属植物为虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）落叶灌木,果实为多汁浆果,可直接食用或用于食品、饮料、酿酒及添加调料,对风湿性关节炎、肠胃炎等有一定疗效。     

4种长白山茶藨子属种子外部形态特征浅析

用体式显微镜、数显游标卡尺等对4种长白山茶藨子属植物种子的形态特征、大小、千粒重等进行观察测量,并对其进行拍照,编排分种检索表。研究结果表明:4种茶藨子属植物种子在形态特征上存在一定的差异,种子表面的纹饰为多皱状纹和嚼烂状纹,颜色多为红色,较难区分,种子的大小间差别较为明显,这些差异可为其分类提供理论依据,对探讨该属植物的系统演化过程具有重要的参考价值。     

不同基质与激素对香茶藨子成活率的影响

利用正交实验方法,对园林观赏树种香茶藨子进行了扦插繁殖试验。结果表明:不同基质和不同的浸泡时间是影响扦插生根的主要因素,其中,基质珍珠岩对促进香茶藨子生根的效果最好。     

新型果树——刺果茶藨

刺果茶藨(Ribesburejense Fr.Schm-idt)又名刺儿李、山梨等,也有的地区叫菱尖,是吕梁山脉分布较多的一种野生灌木,属虎耳草科、茶藨子属。其果可食,味酸甜爽口,清香浓郁,营养价值较高,据测定,含有丰富的 Vc、有机酸、氨基酸及矿物质等营养素。多食其果,有开胃健牌、灭菌消炎、消除     

茶藨属植物叶片解剖结构与抗寒性关系研究

以茶藨属植物4个野生种和4个栽培品种为试材,采用石蜡切片方法,研究了低温胁迫前后叶片解剖结构的变化与抗寒性的关系。结果表明:叶肉细胞的海绵组织越厚、疏松度(SR值)越高、角质层越厚、栅栏组织细胞长/宽越高、栅栏组织层数越少,茶藨属植物抗寒性越强。     

红穗醋栗扦插繁育技术

<正>红穗醋栗(Ribes rubrum Linn)属茶藨子科(Grossulariaceae)茶藨子属(Ribes)的一种多年生小灌木,其栽培管理容易,果实营养保健价值高,富含糖、有机酸、矿质元素,尤其维生素C和维生素P。果实可用于加工果汁、酿造果酒、制作果酱和果干。种子含有γ-亚麻酸和α-亚麻酸,对于预防和治疗心脑血管疾病有着非常重要的作用。果皮可提取食品级天然色素。叶片可用于制作香料。在欧美国家红穗醋栗的保健功效早已深入人心,市场的需求非常大。随着我国生活水平的提高,红穗醋栗的保健功能也逐渐引起人们的重视,其加工产品和鲜果的市场需求不断提高,前景非常好。     

我国东北寒冷地区几个茶藨子野生种花器研究

对分布于我国东北寒冷地区野生茶藨子属植物7个种的花器结构进行观察研究。结果表明:分为单性和两性花2种类型,雌雄异株,花序总状,单生和簇生。花器的萼片发达,着不同颜色,似花冠。单性花的花瓣很小或呈退化状态,无明显花冠;雄性花花药饱满,花粉量大,有短花丝,柱头较小,无子房;雌性花雄蕊较小,近乎无花丝,子房明显发达。两性花的花瓣为萼片2/3大小,直立抱合,抱被雄蕊,雌蕊高于雄蕊,花瓣略高于雄蕊,萼片反卷,在萼片、萼筒、子房、花柄上不同程度着生茸毛、腺点或刺毛。     

楔叶茶藨组织培养研究

试验采用楔叶茶藨水培新梢为外植体,进行了组织培养研究,成功的建立了无性繁殖体系,即初代培养基：MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L;增殖培养基：MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋IBA 0.1～0.2 mg/L＋GA30.25～0.5 mg/L。     

红穗醋栗生物学特性及其适生性研究

对引进的原产于哈萨克斯坦、由俄罗斯选育的红穗醋栗品种"红1号"、"红2号"、"KPC"在新疆玛纳斯平原林场和额敏县不同立地条件下栽培,进行物候期观察比较。结果表明:2个不同区域栽培的红穗醋栗的物候期具有10～15d的差异;在夏季炎热干燥、蒸发量较大的平原区栽培红穗醋栗如果水肥条件跟不上容易发生高温灼伤,停止生长等的现象,从而引起产量的降低。表明气候冷凉、土壤湿润、昼夜温差较大的区域是红穗醋栗最佳的栽培区域。     

The importance of male red mason bee (Osmia rufa L.) and male bufftailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) pollination in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.)

Summary

Male wild bees visit flowers to feed and, despite their lack of specialised organs for carrying pollen, simultaneously pollinate them. We analysed the pollinating efficiency of the males of two bee species for blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.): red mason bee (Osmia rufa L.) and bufftailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris terrestris L.). Both bee species are commercial pollinators and many males are produced during their rearing. Gauze sleeves were used to isolate the inflorescences and to keep the males inside (one per sleeve). In each experimental group, there were six shoots with four neighbouring inflorescences (n = 24). The sleeves were also used to prevent other bees from reaching the flowers, and to allow self-pollination. Non-isolated flowers were pollinated by free-range bees. The effect of male bee pollination was similar to that of free-range bee pollination. The percentages of flowers that developed into fruit were as follows: male bufftailed bumblebee pollination, 79.5%; free-range bee pollination, 71.1%; male red mason bee pollination, 65.1%; and self-pollination, 46.4%; while the mean numbers of fruit per raceme were 5.0, 4.4, 3.6, and 2.4, respectively. The number of non-pollinated flowers per raceme (ranging from 1.3 – 2.8) exhibited an inverse relationship to these numbers of fruit. Our observations showed that male wild bees can pollinate blackcurrant flowers successfully, and could potentially be useful in other crops.     

An assessment of the in-vitro multiplication rates of fourteen black currant cultivars

Summary

The in-vitro multiplication rates of fourteen black currant (Ribes nigrum) cultivars from a range of geographical origins were compared. Shoot tips and axillary buds were cultured for 21 days in a medium supplemented with 2.2 mg l^?1 6-benzylaminopurine. The highest shoot multiplication rate achieved was by cv. Ben Lomond, where the mean rate was 3.53 shoots from a single initial expiant. Mean rates between 1.50 and 3.33 were obtained from other cultivars. The results are discussed in relation to the parentage of each cultivar.     

Freezing events in flowers of Ribes nigrum L. revealed by NMR microimaging

Experiments are described in which the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging is used to observe in vivo freezing induced damage to flowers to Ribes nigrum. An increase in the free water signal in the stylar and ovular regions of the flowers was observed after freezing, as a result of tissue disruption in these areas.     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

红穗和白穗醋栗F3H的克隆及其在果实成熟过程中的表达分析

以红穗醋栗（Ribes rubrum L.）和白穗醋栗（R. albrum L.）果实为试材,采用RACE方法克隆黄烷酮3–羟化酶（F3H）基因cDNA全长序列,分别命名为RrF3H和RaF3H（KU984435和KU984436）。RrF3H全长1 351 bp,开放阅读框长1 098 bp,编码365个氨基酸;RaF3H全长1 291 bp,开放阅读框长1 098 bp,编码365个氨基酸。氨基酸多序列比对表明该基因编码的蛋白具有非血红素双加氧酶结构域（DIOX-N superfamily）和典型的F3H蛋白功能结构域（2OG-FeⅡ_Oxy加氧酶结构域）,属于双加氧酶超家族。系统发育分析表明,RrF3H和RaF3H在进化上具有明显种属特性,属于相对独立的进化分支。定量PCR分析表明,F3H在红穗醋栗中表达量远远高于白穗醋栗,在红穗醋栗中随着果实着色加深表达量逐渐上升,果实着色约75%时表达量最高,之后下降;白穗醋栗中随着果实生长,该基因的表达下降,花色苷含量也呈下降趋势,说明F3H基因在醋栗果实着色过程中发挥作用。     

茶子属(Ribes)杂种植株的核型及其G带技术研究

以茶子属（Ｒｉｂｅｓ）的杂种植株为试材，对其核型和显带技术作了详细的研究。结果表明，染色体的风油精制备法比去壁低渗法和常规压片法能得分散良好、结构分明的核型图，并且未经Ｇ带处理也能够显示出Ｇ带，说明该方法可成为一种新的预处理药物应用于植物，特别像果树这类染色体数目多、体积小的染色体标本制备或Ｇ带的诱导。关键词