海水鱼工厂化育苗中饵料投喂技术

水产动物苗种是水产养殖业的物质基础。随着海水鱼类养殖规模的迅速扩大,对其苗种的需求量急剧增加,海区鱼苗的自然资源已不能满足生产的需要。我国海水鱼类人工繁殖研究是从20世纪50年代末开始的,经过40多年的开发和研究,到目前为止,约有40多种海水鱼类获得人工繁殖成功,并达到批量生产水平。在所有这些鱼苗的人工培育中,对鱼苗饵料投喂技术的掌控,是一个关系到鱼苗生产成败的技术关键。因此,本文就工厂化育苗过程中,饵料投喂技术谈几点体会,供广大苗种生产者参考。一、饵料种类目前,在海水鱼种苗生产中所采用的饵料分生物饵料和非生物饵料…     

不同人工饵料对方斑东风螺幼虫生长及存活的影响

在温度(28.7±0.5)℃、盐度29.0±0.3条件下,研究虾片、黑粒、螺旋藻粉3种人工饵料单独投喂及与虾元和B.P.饵料添加剂混合投喂14d后对方斑东风螺幼虫生长及存活的影响。结果表明,人工饵料与添加剂混合投喂时幼虫的存活率、壳高、壳长及特定生长率高于单一投喂试验组。混合投喂组中以螺旋藻粉+B.P.组的效果最好。在单一人工饵料试验组中,投喂3种人工饵料的方斑东风螺幼虫在试验初期生长差异不显著,但投喂螺旋藻粉的存活率明显高于单独投喂虾片与黑粒组(P0.05);试验后期单独投喂黑粒的幼虫特定生长率及存活率最高,其次为虾片,单独投喂螺旋藻粉的幼虫特定生长率及存活率最低。研究结果可为方斑东风螺幼虫人工配合饲料的开发及人工苗种培育提供参考依据。     

浙江溪流性鱼养殖与产业发展趋势(三)

<正>5.苗种培育溪流性鱼种类较多,苗种培育方法各异。其中斑鳜苗的开口饵料为其他初孵仔鱼,培育过程需要投喂活饵料鱼,适合在清水网箱或水泥池中进行。其他大多数种类的开口饵料为浮游动物轮虫或枝角类,因此适合在土塘中培育。土塘可以通过施肥大量培育浮游动物,天然饵料丰富,短期内不需投喂人工饲料就可满足鱼苗生长,培育的苗种具有生长快、成活率高、养殖成本低的特点。一般选择面积1～5亩的土池,     

鲟鱼苗种微粒饲料开口养殖试验

在鲟鱼苗种培育转食阶段,多采用先喂活饵,再逐渐驯食投喂人工配合饲料的方法进行转食.利用地下河水进行杂交鲟鱼苗种流水养殖,直接采用微粒饲料进行鲟鱼苗开口,苗种成活率为74.0%,饵料系数为1.31,平均单产为23.64 kg/m2,投入产出比1:2.12,养殖成本为17.9元/kg,取得较好养殖效果,证明利用微粒饲料直接开口饲养是可行的.     

开发新的海水养殖用活饵

饵料是海水养殖的基础,而动物蛋白则是饵料中最重要的组成成分之一。目前,为海水养殖生物提供动物蛋白主要有3个途径：一是直接投喂活饵料,如育苗期间投喂的活体饵料——卤虫、轮虫、酵母;二是直接投喂捕捞于自然海区的鲜冻低值鱼虾;     

饵料系列对香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel)人工育苗成活率、畸形率和白化率的影响

通过同一饵料系列(轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、颗粒配合饲料)中不同的轮虫投喂时间,桡足类、颗粒配合饲料的比例,比较研究香鱼人工育苗的成活率、畸形率、白化率等育苗效果,以完善香鱼全人工批量育苗工艺.试验表明,在香鱼人工育苗仔稚鱼培育早期延长轮虫的投喂时间到15日龄可提高育苗的成活率及苗种规格;增加桡足类投喂量、减少颗粒配合饲料的投喂或采用研制全价的颗粒配合饲料有助于降低苗种的白化率;苗种的畸形与卵质有直接的关系,但同时与饵料、水质条件等因素有关.     

凡纳滨对虾养殖成本控制浅析

本文主要从养殖管理、饵料选择投喂及苗种选择等几方面介绍了凡纳滨对虾在养殖过程中成本控制技术要点,为指导生产实践提供借鉴。     

养殖密度、饵料种类和丰度对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)争胜行为的影响

本研究设置10、25、50尾/m2 3个养殖密度,人工饵料、鲜菲律宾蛤仔肉两种饵料,不喂(N)、少喂(L)、饱喂(F) 3个处理,分别于投喂前1 h、投喂时、投喂后1 h测定日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)的争斗次数、平均优势指数等指标,分析养殖密度、饵料种类及丰度对日本囊对虾争胜行为的影响。结果显示,随着养殖密度的增加,对虾的争胜行为逐渐增强,投喂时与投喂前、投喂后对虾的争胜行为差异显著(P<0.05);投喂时对虾的争斗次数最多;饵料种类和丰度显著影响日本囊对虾的争胜行为,投喂菲律宾蛤仔肉的争胜行为强于投喂人工饵料(P<0.05),少喂与不喂、饱喂处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,养殖密度、饵料种类及丰度均显著影响日本囊对虾的争胜行为。     

颗粒饲料养殖黄鳝初探

随着农业内部结构的调整以及水产养殖品种结构的调整，在发展特种水产养殖过程中，黄鳝的人工养殖发展较快。长期以来黄鳝人工养殖主要受苗种、技术以及饲料三大因素的制约，因此，黄鳝的规模化养殖难以进行，产业化生产进展缓慢。目前，常武地区无论是网箱、沟塘，还是稻田人工养殖黄鳝，主要投喂活的小野杂鱼和蚯蚓，基本不用颗粒饲料投喂。而且，常武地区几十家饲料厂，根本不生产黄鳝专用的颗粒饲料。如果继续采用天然的活性饵料投喂，由于这些饵料数量少，来源有限，加上采集困难，根本不能满足黄鳝规模养殖的需要，更不能适应农村产业…     

投喂发酵饲料对刺参能量收支、生长、酶活性及其养殖水质的影响

为探究发酵饲料在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育中的效果,本研究测定了投喂发酵饲料对刺参苗种能量收支、生长、非特异性免疫酶和消化酶活性的影响,同时,对比分析了1个倒池周期内投喂发酵和未发酵饲料养殖单元池水的重要水质指标差异.结果表明,在50 d的养殖实验周期内,投喂发酵饲料组刺参苗种的存活率...     

黏性饵料输送投喂装备的开发与试验

网箱养殖、幼鱼适口性驯化等需要采用黏性饵料,该类饵料人工投喂劳动量大,亟待研发相关装备满足实际生产需求。根据黏性饵料输送距离和投喂量等指标,设计了以柴油机为动力源的总体方案,选择容积式G型单螺杆泵作为投喂系统的核心,对输送泵、动力源、传动系统、输送管等关键部件进行选型及匹配设计,并校核泵的流量、动力满足度、推力等控制性参数;基于选型情况,设计置料器、连接件等附属零件,进行整体结构成型和加工调试。该系统的现场试验结果表明,装备性能可满足黏性饵料输送,输送距离达到100 m,覆盖区域50 m×50 m,最大输送速率达到12 840 kg/h,满足实际需求。该系统装备造价0.75万元,可以根据需要进行输送管道的灵活布置,无需外部电源供应,适合网箱养殖等野外环境下的群组配置。     

Consumption of feeds containing the antibiotic sulfadiazine by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata,L.) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss,Walbaum)

A method for studying the efficacy of sulfadiazine as a marker to estimate feed intake is presented. Feeding studies were carried out with two species, rainbow trout as a freshwater fish model and gilthead sea bream as a marine fish model, using two temperatures and two sizes of juveniles. The study showed the different feeding behaviour observed in both species, depending on the temperature and the number of days feeding the particles with sulfadiazine, and confirmed a dominant‐subordinate behaviour especially in the case of gilthead sea bream juveniles.     

Formulation of a new sustainable feed from food industry discards for rearing the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

The lack of suitable feeds for echinoculture has led to use natural resources already widely exploited by human activities. To move towards a higher sustainability of echinoculture, this study proposes a sustainable feed for Paracentrotus lividus. Two experimental formulations were obtained using discarded endive (Cichorium endivia) leaves and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) industry discards in different proportions, and agar as a binder. The evaluation of the feed stability showed that the feed was stable for 72 hr, allowing a suitable feeding for sea urchins. Both formulations showed a proper nutritional value and fatty acid profile, corresponding to the features of the main ingredients and resulting suitable for echinoculture. A bioenergetic trial was carried out to measure daily ingestion rate, absorption efficiency and gonado‐somatic index in sea urchins. They resulted also palatable and well absorbed by sea urchins, especially that one with higher fish content. At the end of the experiment, an increase in gonado‐somatic index was also recorded. Despite further analysis is needed to assess the performance of the feed in terms of gonad yield and quality, these encouraging results indicate that food industry discards may be suitable alternative ingredients for the production of sustainable feeds for sea urchin aquaculture.     

Influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> in suboptimal water temperatures

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in sub optimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet)×2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily)×2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replications was used. After 60 days of feeding, the feeding frequency did not significantly affect growth performance of fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish reared at the higher water temperature. At the same water temperature, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish fed the extruded pellet than moist pellet. The results of this study indicate that feeding frequency of two times daily is sufficient for optimal growth of juvenile flounder when reared in suboptimal water temperatures, and an increase in water temperature from 12 to 17°C improved growth and feed efficiency.     

Combined influence of water temperature, salinity and body size on energy budget in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

The worldwide demand for sea cucumber is outpacing the sustainable harvest capabilities of fisheries. Sea cucumber ranches and farms are striving to supplement wild harvest, but variable temperature and salinity conditions in pond culture systems make sea cucumber production challenging. In this study, we evaluated how water temperature, salinity and body size affected the energy budget of pond-cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. An orthogonal design was used to identify the most suitable conditions for energy consumption and scope for growth (SFG). After the 42-day experimental period, we found that water temperature, salinity and body size significantly influenced energy consumption, while salinity and body size were the main influencing factors on SFG. Based on these results, we suggest that a water temperature of 16 °C and a salinity of 30 g L^?1 are optimal conditions for stocking sea cucumber A. japonicus with a body size of 37.34 ± 4.63 g. As such, the optimum stocking seasons for sea cucumber A. japonicus may be April in the spring and October in the autumn.     

湾外海域不同结构鲍匍匐基初步对比试验

2016年3月6日—5月3日,在福建省漳浦县霞美镇浮头湾外海域进行三种不同结构鲍匍匐基养殖对比试验。三种鲍匍匐基分别为扣箱式(有效匍匐面积1.072 8 m2)、双层斜板式(有效匍匐面积1.993 5 m2)和传统养殖盆(有效匍匐面积0.413 3 m2),试验对象为皱纹盘鲍杂交鲍(Haliotis discus hanai)。试验结果如下:1)扣箱式鲍壳长日增长为0.131mm,日增重为0.129 g,存活率为98.44%,饲料转化率为3.38%;2)双层斜板式鲍壳长日增长为0.098 mm,日增重为0.096 g,存活率为99.38%,饲料转化率为4.29%;3)传统养殖盆式鲍壳长日增长为0.115 mm,日增重为0.103 g,存活率为98.00%,饲料转化率为5.37%。试验设施未受到湾外海况影响破坏。结果表明扣箱式鲍匍匐基整体性能较好,基于该匍匐基的鲍养殖网箱在经济型吊杆辅助作业下具有养殖效率高、抗风浪流性好、劳动强度低、所需劳动力少等优点,适合应用于湾外养殖。     

Effect of the squid viscera hydrolysate on growth performance and digestion in the red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>

The improvement in feed efficiency is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. The development of feed, in terms of good intake, high growth performance, and high feed efficiency is needed. Squid viscera are one of the candidates for alternative material in improving feed efficiency in fish culture. In the present study, we described the dietary effect of the squid viscera hydrolysate (SVH) on the growth performance of the red sea bream. The addition of SVH to feed caused significant increases in feed intake, fork length, and body weight and produced a marked improvement in feed conversion after 4 weeks of feeding. Furthermore, the results of this feeding revealed that low dietary levels of SVH promote growth performance in the red sea bream. We physiologically analyzed digestion and appetite in fish fed diet containing SVH. SVH promoted the activity of hepatic trypsin and lipase, gene expression of stomach pepsin, hepatic lipase, and pyloric caeca trypsin, thereby improving the nutrient availability in red sea bream. Moreover, the mRNA expression of appetite regulating factor, such as brain NPY and stomach ghrelin was significantly improved by dietary SVH. Our current results indicate that dietary SVH as alternative material produced excellent effects on growth performance, which is dependent on the promoting effect on digestion and appetite in red sea bream.     

Growth of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes in closed recirculating culture system

ABSTRACT:   Two feeding experiments were conducted to elucidate growth performance of tiger puffer in a 10 m³ water volume closed system. In experiment 1, 1000 fish of 3.5 g average body weight were fed tiger puffer commercial feed twice daily to apparent satiation, 6 days a week for 224 days. Sand-filtered sea water was used and no water was exchanged during the rearing period. Immediately after cutting of lower teeth at day 112, daily feed consumption decreased greatly and 60 fish died in few days. Feeding rates recovered and then decreased gradually as nitrate levels increased from 600–1048 mg N/L. Fish grew to 343 g with 91% survival rate and 87% feed efficiency. Rearing conditions of experiment 2 were similar to experiment 1, except that culture water was exchanged to maintain the nitrate level less than 600 mg N/L during the 224-day experiment. Mortality and reduction of feed consumption occurred immediately after teeth cutting as was observed in experiment 1. Significant reduction of feed intake was not found during other rearing periods. Fish of 3 g grew to 303 g with 91% survival rate and 72% feed efficiency.     

福建近海若干个拟投放深水网箱海湾理化环境调查与评估

根据2000和2001年福建主要港湾调查所获得的海洋水文和海洋化学环境资料，对拟投放深水抗风浪网箱海域的海水理化因子作了较详细的分析研究，以评估该海域是否适合于投放深水网箱。结果表明，三都澳、官井洋、东吾洋、罗源湾、福清湾、兴化湾，湄州湾和东山湾水深在25m以上，湾外有岛屿屏障，环境隐蔽、水流稳定，水温、盐度和透明度有显著的季节变化，pH和DO符合国家渔业水质标准，COD一般符合一类海水水质标准，局部海域达到二类海水水质标准，IN、PO3-P一般符合二类海水水质标准，在秋季有些港湾达到三类海水水质标准。从理化环境的角度分析，上述海湾可作为投放深水网箱之场所。     

抑食金球藻对卤虫和鼠的急性毒性及对兔皮肤和眼的刺激作用

2011年夏季,我国秦皇岛沿岸海域再次暴发了大面积的微微型浮游植物抑食金球藻褐潮。为了弄清该藻的毒性以及评估其对人们生命健康的影响,本实验以卤虫作为受试生物,在室内条件下测试了该褐潮水体对卤虫的急性毒性及卤虫对该藻的摄食作用,并以室内纯种培养的抑食金球藻对小白兔进行急性皮肤刺激和眼刺激实验,对小白鼠进行急性经口毒性实验。结果表明,抑食金球藻褐潮水体对卤虫无急性毒性,卤虫能以抑食金球藻为食,摄食率随着摄食藻密度的升高而上升。抑食金球藻藻液对实验兔的皮肤和眼睛无明显刺激作用,对小白鼠无急性毒性作用。该藻暴发褐潮时,对人们的生命健康安全影响较小。