河西走廊沿山冷凉灌区马铃薯品种比较试验

近年来,甘肃省民乐县马铃薯产业形成了脱毒繁种、基地化种植、规模化加工的发展格局。为了适应河西走廊沿山冷凉灌区马铃薯产业发展中不同区域、不同种植模式对品种的要求,2013年以马铃薯品种‘大西洋’为对照,对引进的‘克新1号’、‘夏波蒂’、‘荷兰15号’、‘陇薯3号’、‘克新18号’、‘新大坪’、‘甘农薯5号’、‘定薯1号’8个马铃薯品种进行品种比较试验。试验结果表明,‘荷兰15号’较对照品种‘大西洋’增产效果明显,增产达到48.2%,且生育期短;‘克新1号’较对照品种产量显著增加,达到38.1%,且淀粉含量高,适宜加工。这2品种综合性状优良,可作为首选品种在该区域推广种植。     

陇中温寒半湿润区马铃薯高产抗黑痣病品种的引进筛选

为筛选出在甘肃陇中温寒半湿润区适宜种植的高产抗黑痣病马铃薯优良品种,对引进的19个马铃薯品种(系)进行了产量和抗黑痣病比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯7号’、‘庄薯3号’、‘青薯9号’、‘心里美’、‘丽薯6号’、‘丽薯7号’和‘陇薯8号’7个品种的马铃薯产量高,产量在37 500~62 100 kg/hm2之间;黑痣病病薯率在0~10.64%之间、病情指数在0~3.83之间,是适宜在陇中温寒半湿润区种植的马铃薯品种。     

12个马铃薯品种对晚疫病抗性比较与药剂防治

通过田间试验,探讨常用马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂对不同马铃薯品种晚疫病防治效果,对产量影响及筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病有抗性的品种。结果表明,田间晚疫病发病初期,银法利单用或与其他药剂混用均可以有效控制马铃薯晚疫病,并且增加田间产量;‘荷兰7’,‘黄麻子’、‘荷兰15’和‘尤金’为马铃薯晚疫病易感品种,因此田间管理要提前预防马铃薯晚疫病的发生;‘克新18号’、‘麦肯’、‘延薯4号’和‘克新13号’对晚疫病有较高的抗性;‘中兴202’、‘Lt-5’、‘夏波蒂’和‘克新1号’对晚疫病表现中抗,病害发生初期施药可以有效的控制病害扩展。     

陇中干旱区马铃薯新品种的引进和筛选

试验引进5个马铃薯品种,以‘新大坪’为对照,评价马铃薯的农艺性状、产量和抗病性。‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’田间生长势强,单株结薯数分别为7个和8个,芽眼浅,抗病性强,产量表现好,商品率高,较对照增产分别为22.99%和9.64%,差异达到显著水平。建议在种植当家品种‘新大坪’的同时,扩大推广‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’的种植面积。     

陇中干旱区马铃薯新品种的引进和筛选

试验引进5个马铃薯品种,以‘新大坪’为对照,评价马铃薯的农艺性状、产量和抗病性。‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’田间生长势强,单株结薯数分别为7个和8个,芽眼浅,抗病性强,产量表现好,商品率高,较对照增产分别为22.99%和9.64%,差异达到显著水平。建议在种植当家品种‘新大坪’的同时,扩大推广‘陇薯6号’和‘青薯9号’的种植面积。     

彩色马铃薯新品种的引进与筛选

萧山区马铃薯主栽品种皮肉均为黄色,经济效益一般,彩色马铃薯尚未发展。为筛选出适合萧山区种植的优质彩色马铃薯新品种,以‘兴佳2号’为对照品种,对引进的彩色马铃薯新品种进行比较试验。结果表明,‘D613’产量虽然低于对照品种‘兴佳2号’,但与‘夏坡蒂’和‘荷兰15号’没有极显著差异,且田间抗晚疫病和疮痂病,块茎性状表现也较好。因此,该品种可作为高档特色蔬菜和保健产品进行研究开发。     

旱区马铃薯新品种筛选试验

引进了11个马铃薯新品种,以当地品种‘定薯1号’为对照,对物候期、经济性状、产量及块茎品质进行了评价。各引进品种均较对照增产,其中‘鄂马铃薯5号’、‘宁薯14号’、‘中薯21号’和‘冀张薯8号’产量分别为44 933,39 224,37 501和36 270 kg/hm~2,较对照‘定薯1号’分别增产72.1%、50.3%、43.7%和39.0%,且综合性状表现较好,建议作为主粮化加工薯大面积推广种植;‘鄂马铃薯5号’和‘青薯10号’产量高,淀粉、干物质及粗蛋白含量高,还原糖含量较低,适合全粉加工;其他品种继续评价。     

早熟马铃薯品种淀粉含量和淀粉产量的表现及其稳定性

马铃薯淀粉具有其他淀粉所没有的一些优良特性,在食品、饲料、化工、胶粘剂、造纸、纺织、可生物降解材料等领域应用广泛。高产高淀粉马铃薯品种可使农民增收,企业增效。然而,目前生产上尚缺乏高产高淀粉品种,特别是早熟品种。为鉴定筛选适合淀粉加工的早熟马铃薯品种。2021和2022年,采用随机区组设计,4次重复,在黑龙江省克山农场以‘尤佳70’为对照,评价7个早熟马铃薯品种(‘东农312’‘龙薯3号’‘中薯早35’‘中薯早39’‘中薯早43’‘中薯早44’和‘中薯早45’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量表现及其稳定性。‘中薯早39’块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量稳定性表现中等,块茎产量46 643 kg/hm²,略高于供试8个品种的平均值43 676 kg/hm²,但显著高于对照品种‘尤佳70’块茎产量;淀粉含量18.68%,在供试的8个品种中最高,使得其淀粉产量在供试的8个品种中最高,达8 699 kg/hm²,与其他品种(包括对照‘尤佳70’)相比差异均显著。‘中薯早39’总体表现优良,可以作为早熟淀粉加工型品种大面积试种。     

马铃薯抗病增产优质中早熟新品种筛选试验

为筛选出适宜天水市灌溉区种植的中早熟抗病增产优质马铃薯新品种,以‘克新2号’为对照,对引进的9个马铃薯品种进行生物学特性、适应性、抗病性、商品性、产量等综合性状的比较。结果表明,‘希森6号’‘荷兰15号’‘冀张薯12号’表现出较好的适应性,块茎性状好,商品薯率高,增产增效明显;商品薯率分别为92.51%、93.20%、92.64%,产量分别为54 540,53 280和48 767 kg/hm~2,较对照分别增产22.32%、19.50%、9.37%,分别增收12 377.60,11 099.20和3 835.20元/hm~2,可考虑作为川水地区大面积示范推广种植的中早熟优势品种。     

拉萨市引进马铃薯品种(系)对病害抗性的筛选

马铃薯在西藏的种植面积越来越大,但其产量和品质受病害影响严重。为了在拉萨市生产上推广抗性好的品种,对引进的7个马铃薯品种(系)(‘鄂薯3号’、‘鄂薯4号’、‘鄂薯5号’、‘鄂薯7号’、‘鄂薯8号’、‘HB0389-18’、‘米拉’)进行病害抗性和块茎产量评价。试验结果表明:‘米拉’和‘鄂薯7号’的植株生长旺盛、病害发生少、产量高,适合在拉萨市推广种植。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.