Biofuels and food security

The major source of energy comes from fossil fuels.The current situation in the fi eld of fuel and energy is becoming more problematic as world population continues to grow because of the limitation of fossil fuels reserve and its pressure on environment.This review aims to fi nd economic,reliable,renewable and non-polluting energy sources to reduce high energy tariffs in Russian Federation.Biofuel is fuel derived directly from plants,or indirectly from agricultural,commercial,domestic,and/or industrial wastes.Other alternative energy sources including solar energy and electric power generation are also discussed.Over 100 Mt of biomass available for energy purposes is produced every year in Russian.One of the downsides of biomass energy is its potential threatens to food security and forage industries.An innovative approach proved that multicomponent fuel(80%diesel oil content for motor and 64%for in stove fuel)can remarkably reduce the costs.This paper proposed that the most promising energy model for future is based on direct solar energy conversion and transcontinental terawatt power transmission with the use of resonant wave-guide technology.     

我国农作物秸秆转化生物能源潜力评估

农作物秸秆是一种价格低廉的可再生资源,燃料化是其资源化利用的重要途径。以农作物经济产量为依据,对我国各类农作物秸秆的产量和可收集利用量进行估算,进而评估其生物转化甲烷和燃料乙醇的潜力。2014年我国农作物秸秆产量达72 836.9万t,其中可收集利用量达60 986.1万t。玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆为前三大秸秆资源。河南省、黑龙江省和山东省的秸秆资源是最为丰富。以热值估算,仅玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆三大秸秆可折合标准煤量20 177.5万t。基于微生物发酵工艺估算,我国主要农作物秸秆可生产甲烷1 286.8亿m~3,或可生产燃料乙醇1 823.5亿升。我国农作物秸秆的可收集利用量巨大,以其为原料生产生物燃料具有广泛的开发前景。