布鲁氏菌M28强毒株O抗原聚合酶基因缺失株的构建及其毒力评价

为构建布鲁氏菌O抗原聚合酶缺失突变株,本研究以布鲁氏菌M28株为亲本株,利用同源重组方法,以编码O抗原聚合酶靶基因M28_ B0107基因ORF外侧序列作为同源臂构建重组质粒pSP-B0107-K,将其电转化至M28感受态细胞中,以卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)作为标记,筛选缺失突变株(M28-△B0107).M28-△B0107经过20余代传代培养,Kanr表达稳定.将M28-△B0107与M28以106 cfu剂量腹腔接种小鼠,进行体内致病性试验.结果显示,M28-△B0107感染组小鼠脾脏荷菌量显著低于亲本M28株感染组,感染6周时,前者低于后者近10倍(p＜0.05);而且M28-△B0107感染组脾脏重量也显著低于M28强毒株组(p＜0.05);小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系(RAW264.7)感染能力试验结果表明,突变株与亲本株无明显差异(p＞0.05).     

马耳它布氏杆菌bp26基因缺失株的构建及鉴定

为了建立马耳他布氏杆菌M5-90株弱毒疫苗株与野生株的鉴别诊断,本研究以bp26基因作为重组靶位点,以M5-90为亲本,利用bp26基因ORF外侧序列作为同源序列,将卡那霉素抗性基因(Kan')整合到细菌基因组中,双交叉重组阳性菌株,经SDS-PAGE和western blot试验表明迁移率约为29 ku的BP26蛋白在亲本菌中表达并可被鼠抗BP26高免血清识别,而突变株M5-90-26反应结果为阴性,表明BP26蛋白在突变疫苗株M5-90-26中未表达.M5-90-26具备从血清学角度区分M5-90-26免疫与野生型布氏杆菌感染,对布氏杆菌病防制、监测及净化具有重要的意义.     

布鲁氏菌分子标记、毒力缺失疫苗株△S19-2的构建

通过构建自杀质粒,用定向同源重组的方法,把改造的萤火虫萤光素酶报告基因Luc NF^＋替换布鲁氏菌S19疫苗株Bp26基因部分片段,构建出布鲁氏菌Bp26基因缺失突变株△S19-1。在此基础上,用同样的方法,敲除△S19-1上的毒力基因Bmp18,构建成△S19-2。用PCR与萤光素酶报告基因在布鲁氏菌中表达的方法进行验证,结果表明Bp26基因与Bmp18基因改造成功,△S19-2具有Bp26基因分子标记、Bmp18毒力基因缺失的特点。     

羊种布鲁菌分离株bp26及omp10基因的分子进化与变异分析

为了解羊种布鲁菌内蒙古分离株和疫苗株的遗传变异情况,对羊种布鲁菌分离株B1、B2、B3、B4以及疫苗株M5、S2、A19的bp26及omp10基因进行了扩增、克隆和序列分析,并与国内外的代表性毒株进行了序列比对。结果显示:4株分离株的bp26序列长度均为900bp,开放阅读框为753bp,与疫苗株M5同源性为100%,疫苗株S2和A19的同源性为99.99%;分析发现所有序列中共有4处变异,A19 bp26基因的CDS区第304位A→G和第405位C→T突变,S2 bp26基因的第498位C→T和727位G→A突变;其中304位的A→G的变异导致其编码的氨基酸发生了从天冬酰胺(N)到天冬氨酸(D),727位G→A的变异导致氨基酸发生了缬氨酸(V)到异亮氨酸(I)的变化;而分离株和疫苗株M5未发生变异。4株分离株的omp10序列长度均为513bp,开放阅读框为396bp,同源性为99.99%,与疫苗株S2和A19同源性为100%;分析发现疫苗株M5的omp10基因序列发生了1处变异,第144位C→T,但没有引起氨基酸改变,其他菌株没有发生变异。     

布鲁氏菌VirB8变异株的构建及其感染力和毒力的测定

作者拟对缺失致病力因子--四型分泌系统中的VirB8基因后布鲁氏菌感染力和毒力的变化进行测定与分析.首先,构建了布鲁氏菌VirB8基因缺失株(△B8B.suis),用缺失株感染巨噬细胞和BALB/c小鼠,再用B.suis强毒攻击BALB/c小鼠并检测脾脏含菌数,观察其在动物体内定居能力、毒力及抗感染保护力.鉴定△B8B.suis为VirB8基因完全缺失株,△B8B.suis感染巨噬细胞6、24和48 h,其CFU分别为49、165和355;△B8B.suis感染BALB/C小鼠的每克脾含菌数为3.6×107(1×108CFU腹腔接种)和5×106(1×109CFU蹊部接种);BALB/c小鼠攻毒试验显示△B8B.suis免疫组每克脾平均含菌数为7.61×102,非免疫对照组为2.98×105.结果表明布鲁氏菌缺失VirB8基囚后,其毒力较亲本株弱,但能在小鼠脾脏定居,为弱毒株;△B8B.suis呈现出作为疫苗的生物学特性,但毒株能否作为疫苗株使用,还需进一步验证.     

布鲁氏菌M5-90△WboA基因缺失株的构建及免疫效果的初步评价

为获得毒力较弱并能区分自然感染和疫苗免疫的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗株,本研究用PCR方法扩增WboA基因的上下游同源臂序列,构建重组质粒pGEM-7zf-△WboA-Sac,电转化布鲁氏菌M5-90感受态细胞,筛选布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90的WboA基因缺失株,并对获得的M5-90△WboA遗传稳定性、毒力、免疫保护性、抗体水平等指标进行检测.实验结果表明M5-90△WboA株的毒力比M5-90株明显减弱,差异极显著(p＜0.01),体液免疫和细胞免疫结果表明M5-90△WboA株与亲本M5-90株相比差异不显著(p＜0.05),M5-90△WboA株和亲本株的保护率分别为10％和20％,表明M5-90△WboA株与M5-90株具有相似的保护性.凝集试验和western blot试验显示M5-90△WboA株免疫小鼠的血清反应结果为阴性.本研究构建的布鲁氏菌基因缺失株M5-90△WboA具有较好的遗传稳定性,毒力比亲本株更弱,免疫保护性与亲本株相当,并能以血清学检测方法区分野毒株感染和缺失疫苗株免疫的动物.     

布鲁菌S19疫苗株znuA单基因及bp26/znuA双基因缺失株的构建及鉴定

通过等位基因交换,分别敲除牛流产型布鲁菌减毒活疫苗S19株和缺失株S19-Δbp26的znuA基因,构建了布鲁菌znuA基因单缺失株S19-ΔznuA和bp26、znuA基因双缺失株S19-Δbp26-ΔznuA,对获得的2种缺失株进行形态学、生长特性、稳定性和基因测序验证。结果表明,S19株和S19-Δbp26株的znuA基因均成功缺失,生长特性表示2种缺失株与亲本株生长基本无差异;体外连续传至20代,菌落PCR鉴定及基因测序结果显示2种缺失株均遗传稳定。牛流产型布鲁菌单缺失株S19-ΔznuA和双缺失株S19-ΔznuA-Δbp26的成功构建为布鲁菌新型疫苗的研发、布鲁菌感染动物过程中ZnuA蛋白的作用机理及其与Bp26蛋白之间关系的研究奠定了基础。     

Cu/Zn SOD蛋白在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中的过表达及鉴定

以Cu/Zn SOD为目的基因,通过基因工程技术分别构建了组成型过表达系统pBBR-trc-sod和诱导型过表达系统pBBR-lacPtrc-sod,在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中进行了Cu/Zn SOD的过表达。同时,以大肠杆菌为宿主表达纯化的重组Cu/Zn SOD蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,对2种过表达系统中Cu/Zn SOD蛋白的表达量进行分析。结果显示,诱导型Cu/Zn SOD过表达系统的表达量更高,且能与所制备的多抗发生特异性反应。结果表明,构建的过表达系统能够实现Cu/Zn SOD蛋白在布鲁菌S19疫苗株中过表达;同时,该试验也提示我们这种表达系统可应用于布鲁菌S19疫苗的抗原改造。     

布氏杆菌S2疫苗株GL_0002181基因的原核表达

为了鉴别羊种布氏杆菌自然感染和S2疫苗(猪种)免疫羊,选用布氏杆菌S2疫苗株进行了全基因组测序,预测出的编码基因与已公布的布氏杆菌基因组数据库比对分析,找出S2特有基因GL_0002181,对GL_0002181基因进行原核表达及免疫原性验证,同时用BP26蛋白作为对照组。Western blot结果显示:以S2疫苗免疫绵羊血清作为检测抗体,重组菌BL21(pETGL_0002181)、BL21(pETBP26)与BL21(DE3)空菌比较,分别在31 ku、32 ku处出现了特异性条带,说明重组蛋白能够与S2免疫血清中的抗体发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫原性;而重组表达菌BL21(pETGL_0002181)菌体蛋白与自然感染血清不反应,重组蛋白BP26与自然感染血清反应,说明GL_0002181基因在S2疫苗株中存在,在羊种自然流行株中不存在。结果表明:GL_0002181抗原可用于布氏杆菌S2疫苗免疫与羊种布氏杆菌自然感染鉴别诊断,为布氏杆菌病有效诊断提供理论依据。     

Brucella abortus INTA2, a novel strain 19 (Delta)bp26::luc (Delta)bmp18 double mutant lacking drug resistance markers

Brucella abortus INTA2, a novel mutant strain, was constructed by inactivation of two B. abortus S19 genes: bp26 and bmp18, with the objective of obtaining a mutant strain that could be compatible with a diagnostic test and have less residual virulence than strain 19. The double mutant was constructed by replacing a large section of the bp26 coding region with the luciferase (luc) coding gene, resulting in mutant strain B. abortus M1luc, followed by partial deletion of bmp18 coding sequence. Both genes were inactivated by allelic replacement assisted by sacB counter-selection. Luciferase expression was evaluated and confirmed that it is a valid marker in the construction of mutant strains. When B. abortus INTA2 was inoculated in BALB/c mice, significantly fewer colony forming units (CFUs) were recovered from mice spleens during initial phase of infection. No splenomegaly was observed in strain INTA2-immunized mice at any time suggesting that strain INTA2 has lost some residual virulence of the parental strain. Nevertheless, similar protection levels against virulent challenge were observed in mice immunized with strains INTA2 or S19. Although strain INTA2 would still induce O-side antibodies, it does not express BP26. This would allow differentiation of INTA2-vaccinated animals from animals infected with field strains by measuring anti-BP26 antibodies, either by an agglutination test or ELISA using BP26 as antigen. Altogether these results indicate that B. abortus INTA2 might be a promising vaccine strain against brucellosis.     

High protection of mice against Brucella abortus by oral immunization with recombinant probiotic Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine,expressing the outer membrane protein OMP19 of Brucella species

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease threatening the public health and hindering the trade of animals and their products, which has a negative impact on the economic development of a country. Vaccination is the most effective way to control brucellosis. The recombinant vector vaccines are promising candidates for immunization in humans and animals. In this study, the gene encoding OMP19 antigen was primarily amplified and cloned into an expression vector called pT1NX, and then transformed to L. casei cell via electroporation technique. The expression was confirmed using specific antibody against the recombinant protein via immunological screening tests such as western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Finally, recombinant L. casei was orally fed to mice and the results were further recorded, indicating that the mice group which received OMP19 through L. casei based vaccine represented a very good general and mucosal immune responses protective against challenges with virulent B. abortus 544 strain compared with negative control recipient groups. Therefore, the vaccine produced in this research plan can be a very good candidate for protection against brucellosis.     

Protection levels in vaccinated heifers with experimental vaccines Brucella abortus M1-luc and INTA 2

Brucella abortus M1-luc is a mutant strain derived from S19 vaccine strain in which most of bp26 sequence has been replaced by the luciferase coding gene. Strain I2 is a double mutant derived from M1-luc in which most of omp19 has been deleted without introduction of any genetic markers. In BALB/c mice, M1-luc presented equivalent performance to S19 regarding persistence, splenomegaly and protection against challenge. Interestingly, I2 was more attenuated than S19, with no reduction of protection against challenge. In order to evaluate the potential for vaccine use of these strains in the natural host, four groups of 15 heifers, 6-month old, were either non-vaccinated or vaccinated with S19, M1-luc or I2. To at reached 17-month old, heifers were synchronized with two doses of PGF2alpha and received natural service during 60 days with two bulls. Pregnant heifers were challenged at approximately six gestation months with virulent B. abortus S2308. Blood samples post-challenge of heifers were collected for serologic test as well as specimens of aborted fetuses and premature calves for bacterial isolation and histopathological analyses. Protection levels against abortion were 78.6% for S19, 81.8% for M1-luc and 45.5% for I2, compared to the 25% that did not abort from the non-vaccinated group. These results indicate that in bovines BP26 had no influence in protective capacity of S19, correlating with the results obtained in mice. However, contrarily to what was previously observed in mice, lack of expression of Omp19 rendered in less protection capacity of S19 in the natural host.     

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks (Poephagus grunniens) in India and evaluation of protective immunity to S19 vaccine

The present study was carried out to explore the seroprevalence of brucellosis in yaks of North-Eastern hilly yak tracts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Of 374 animals tested, 23.79, 21.11 and 18.98% were found positive for brucellosis using avidin-biotin ELISA (AB-ELISA), Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT) and standard tube-agglutination test (STAT), respectively. The relative sensitivity and specificity for STAT were 79.77 and 100%, respectively and the same for RBPT were 88.76 and 100%, respectively in comparison to AB-ELISA. The alarming prevalence as recorded was highest among the yak cows (31.42%) followed by heifers (23.85%) and bulls (8.88%). The immune response in yaks following standard dose of calfhood vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine showed that protective antibody level persisted up to 210 days. This is the first report from India on prevalence of brucellosis and immunization with B abortus strain 19 vaccine in yaks. The present investigation would be a valuable guideline for future control measure and eradication programme of brucellosis in yaks.     

减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344株asd平衡致死系统的构建及其特性

为构建能稳定携带外源基因的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344,本研究在减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344基础上,以χ7213（pREΔasd）为供体菌,ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344为受体菌,利用自杀性质粒介导的等位交换技术成功筛选出缺失编码天冬氨酸β-半乳糖脱氢酶基因（aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase,asd）的ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344菌株,进一步对其生物学特性进行初步研究。结果显示,其血清型和亲本株ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344及强毒株SL1344相同且该缺失菌株能稳定遗传缺失后的asd基因;其生化特性和生长速度与强毒株SL1344相比有很大差异,与亲本株ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344基本一致,ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344失去了利用麦芽糖、乳糖、山梨醇等碳源的能力,也不能分解H2S、半乳糖和鼠李糖,但仍保留了利用葡萄糖的能力,其生长速度比强毒株更加缓慢。1日龄雏鸡攻毒试验表明ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344互补携带asd基因的pYA3493质粒后,ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344（pYA3493）毒力较强毒株SL1344降低了至少105倍,与亲本株ΔcrpΔcyaSL1344相比毒力仅相差10倍。结果表明,减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌ΔcrpΔcyaΔasdSL1344菌株构建成功,为深入研究以鼠伤寒沙门菌为载体的口服多价疫苗奠定基础。     

食源性单增李斯特菌inlA/inlB/inlC基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为探究内化素inlA/inlB/inlC基因对单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)生物学特性的影响,本研究采用融合PCR方法构建Lm681 inlC基因缺失突变体,并构建pKSV7-△inlC穿梭载体,将其转化Lm681-△inlAB感受态细胞,利用温度(42℃)和氯霉素(10μg/mL)抗性双重压力来实现同源重组,筛选同源重组子进行鉴定并研究其部分生物学特性。结果显示,PCR和测序结果证实成功构建了3基因缺失株(Lm681-△inlABC),且缺失株的生长特性与野生株相比无明显差异,溶血特性与野生株保持一致;小鼠感染试验显示,野生株Lm681、Lm681-△inlAB和Lm681-△inlABC对小鼠的致死率分别为80%(8/10)、60%(6/10)和40%(4/10),对小鼠的LD50分别为4.36×10~4、1.35×10~6和2.95×10~7 CFU,且Lm681-△inlABC在肝脏、脾脏及脑组织中的定植能力极显著低于野生株(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,inlA/inlB/inlC基因对Lm致病性发挥具有一定的作用,为深入研究inlX基因介导Lm入侵宿主细胞过程中的作用机制提供了科学依据。     

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE INCIDENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN DAIRY CATTLE IN VICTORIA

Random blood sampling of 8,448 dairy cattle in two Shires of Victoria revealed that 194 (4.5%) serums, from south-eastern Victoria and 147 (3.6%) serums from northern Victoria were positive to the International tube agglutination test for Br. Abortus . Of these reactions at least 82 (1.9%) and 56 (1.4%) of the serums indicated that these animals were or had been infected with Br. Abortus .
The results show that 65% and 73% of the herds in the two areas did not contain Br. Abortus infected cattle. Two factors influenced the incidence of infected animals in herds. First the incidence of infected animals decreased with increasing length of time during which herd re-placement calves had been vaccinated with Br. Abortus strain 19. Second, the introduction of mature previously calved cows increased the incidence of infected animals.
Some discussion is given to the usefulness of the revaccination of animals and the control of brucellosis in Victoria with is possible effect on cattle meat export markets.     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌PRN基因缺失突变株的构建及特性研究

利用自杀性质粒构建兔支气管败血波氏杆菌百日咳黏附素(PRN)缺失突变株以研究PRN在支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bb)致病机理中的作用,同时为支气管败血波氏杆菌病减毒活疫苗的研究提供理论依据.PCR扩增出PRN1(PRN上游基因)和PRN2(PRN下游基因)2个目的基因片段,运用基因重组技术将庆大霉素抗性基因(GM)连接到PRN1和PRN2之间,将连接好的基因片段克隆到pMEG-375自杀性载体中,构建自杀性载体pMEG375-PRN1-GM-PRN2,将其转化到宿主菌SM-10中,通过宿主菌SM-10与受体菌Bb固相滤膜交配,自杀性载体转移到受体菌,根据同源重组原理,抗性筛选得到基因缺失突变株,命名为Bb(△PRN).对突变株Bb(△PRN)与野生株WT进行了遗传稳定性、生长特性、溶血特性、细胞黏附特性、毒力、免疫保护性等比较研究.结果表明:Bb(△PRN)具有遗传稳定性;与野生株相比,突变株生长速度较慢,毒力有所下降,溶血活性及对Hep-2细胞的黏附能力没有明显变化;小鼠免疫原性试验结果显示,突变株免疫小鼠后可以产生强有力的免疫力,能够抵抗野生株的攻击.Bb(△PRN)突变株构建成功并具有良好的免疫原性,为支气管败血波氏杆菌病减毒活疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒KIBVXJ株S1基因的克隆及序列分析

根据已发表的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因,设计并合成了一对引物,经RT-PCR扩增后获得全长约为1700bp的核苷酸序列。序列分析表明,S1基因的最大开放阅读框位于12位～1685位碱基之间,编码557个氨基酸;KIBVXJ株S1基因序列在19位～292位点的氨基酸区域内有较多的氨基酸置换、插入和与缺失现象;S1的裂解位点的序列为HRRRR,具有我国地方流行株的特征。KIBVXJ株的S1基因与国内外疫苗株的同源性分析表明,核苷酸同源率为73.8%～74.2%,氨基酸同源率为74.9%～76.0%。遗传进化分析表明,KIBVXJ株与国内外的主要疫苗株亲缘关系最远,与国内近年来分离的A2株、LX4株和QXIBV株的亲缘关系最近。     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.