小郁竹艺装饰工艺研究

益阳"小郁竹艺"是湖南历史悠久的民间传统手工艺技术,在2012年"小郁竹艺"被列入全国非物质文化遗产,益阳小郁竹艺装饰特色鲜明,其中竹青着色、竹青贴面、竹头镶边、竹枝丫花四大工艺就是创造性的竹器装饰工艺,笔者在研究"小郁竹艺"的基本装饰工艺手法基础上,重点剖析了四大工艺的技术方法。     

苏作木雕技艺的传承及给予本土高职教育的启示——评《刀尖上的艺术:苏作木雕》

正苏州作为千百年来人文荟萃的灵秀之地,可谓是"从来江山秀丽,人物奢华",当文人高雅的审美情趣遇到了具有高超艺术表现能力的匠人,历史长河中便有一座座"苏作"瑰宝问世。"苏作"是苏州(包括其周边地区)地域特色鲜明的传统手工艺及其产品的统称。以整理挖掘并     

湖南梅山竹编“竹篾体”编织工艺研究

梅山竹编是湖南省新化县维山乡一种传统的手工艺术,它以竹篾为载体,以梅山文化与蚩尤文化为依托,形成了独具一格的地域文化特色。文章详细介绍了梅山竹编"竹篾体"编织工艺的基本概念、特点以及工艺的运用,指出梅山竹编以文字编织为基础,创新发展了中国传统竹编工艺,有着广阔的发展前景。     

傣族竹编及其在现代家具设计中的应用

傣族竹编工艺是我国少数民族的传统手工艺,将傣族竹编工艺应用到现代家具设计中,不仅可以提高现代设计的文化内涵,还可以促进传统手工艺的升级和少数民族文化的发扬。以傣族竹编为研究对象,分析了傣族竹编的产业现状、编织技法以及产品特点,总结了竹编在现代家具设计中的表现形式,探讨了傣族竹编现代家具的创新思路和创新方法,在此基础上结合设计案例进行了实践论证,旨在为传统工艺运用于现代设计提供借鉴。     

Saloom推出传统与现代结合的新产品

美国:实木休闲餐室家具制造商Saloom将于今年春季在高点(High Point)市场推出新产品Gardner Contemporary(GC),其设计受了现代极简抽象艺术的启发。该系列产品是传统手工艺与粗放的现代派设计的结合。Saloom曾致力于传统精细家具制作,但有时感到传统设计规范比较沉闷,通过GC的推出,将其设计大门打开,将思路拓宽。公司的经营经理     

依托湿地文化开展特色科普教育——桃江羞女湖国家湿地公园创建湿地学校调查报告

正湖南桃江羞女湖国家湿地公园位于湖南省益阳市桃江县境内,地处资水下游,公园总面积2073.1公顷,属于由永久性河流与洪泛平原湿地组成的湿地-森林复合生态系统。公园内野生动植物资源丰富,已发现野生脊椎动物有64科156种,维管植物753种,其中湿地植物209属295种;文化资源深厚,省级非物质文化遗产小郁竹艺、民间曲艺马迹塘故事、高腔山歌胡呐喊等民俗文化源远流长。2018年,湖南桃江羞女湖国家湿地公园与湖南华森自然教育机构(湖南华森传媒有限公司)联手,在桃花江小学开展特色湿     

用意杨压缩木替代传统木梳材料的研究

我国木梳素以小叶黄杨、楠木、枣木、梨木等树种为制梳材料。由于人口膨胀,木梳需求量巨增,制梳原材料渐已匮乏,绵延1 500多年的传统木梳手工艺文化正面临消亡的威胁。笔者选择速生树种——意杨为制梳材料,按木梳实用功能和产业经济的实际需求,对意杨压缩木进行一般物理特性试验,对其木梳制品进行实用和成本分析,最终确定50％左右的意杨压缩木完全能替代木梳传统原材料。     

王富田 无法割舍的木匠情结

<正>曾经,木匠不仅是一个中国老百姓日常生活须臾难离的职业,而且是一类传统的手工艺人。他们以木头为材料,用墨盒、刨子、鲁班尺等工具,在劈、刨、凿、刻间,巧用榫卯传统技艺制作成家具或工艺品,诠释着匠人精神。而今,随着时代的发展和变迁,以前从木匠手中制作出来的家具,已被现代化工厂的生产线所取代;挑着工具走村串户的老木匠,也逐渐淡出了人们的视野,但他们代代延续的"工     

四川青神竹编技艺传承的谱系特征

运用深度访谈和田野调研理论分析手工艺传承问题。通过对四川省青神县竹编及技艺传承人调查，建立了其中3位主要传承人的家谱，总结了在技艺传承中具有从师学艺、家庭副业多元化开发和草根工业等特征，在传统手工艺可持续发展中，探索出了生产性保护、文化引领和造竹筑巢等的传承路径。     

明清木雕花板历史人物纹的基本形态特点

以明清木雕花板中的历史人物纹为主要研究对象，采用个案分析法和归纳法，探索明清木雕花板历史人物纹中单人物、两人物和多人物纹的基本形态规律，丰富了相关领域的研究成果，为复兴传统花板和传统手工艺提供理论支持，并为仿古家具和现代家居设计中运用中国传统元素提供指导。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.