地采暖用木质地板甲醛释放限量指标探讨

利用1 m3气候箱法测定地采暖用实木复合地板和浸渍纸层压木质地板在23、30、35℃条件下的甲醛释放量,结果表明:1)两种地采暖用木质地板的甲醛释放量均随着测试温度的升高而增加;2)按照GB18580-2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》方法,甲醛释放量检测结果不超过0.06mg/m3的样品,在30℃时的甲醛释放量也能达到标准限量要求。建议地采暖用木质地板的甲醛释放限量指标要求修订为≤0.06 mg/m3。     

地采暖用木质地板甲醛释放量检测方法的对比

为了定量分析木质地板在地采暖环境中的甲醛释放量,采用自主研发的地采暖环境模拟舱,先加热木质地板,再通过地板向环境散发热量的模拟方法,检测强化木地板的甲醛释放量,并与常规1 m~3气候箱整体加热法的检测结果做比较。结果表明,两种方法检测的地板样品甲醛释放量均随温度、相对湿度升高而增加;在相同温、湿度下,模拟舱法检测结果低于常规1 m~3气候箱的整体加热法。模拟舱更接近真实地采暖环境。     

地采暖用浸渍纸层压木质地板1 m~3环境模拟舱甲醛释放回归模型建立

利用具有加热装置的1 m~3环境模拟舱测试的浸渍纸层压木质地板甲醛释放量数据,采用线性和非线性的回归方法,分析地板甲醛释放量与温度、相对湿度、承载率以及时间的关系,建立甲醛释放回归模型。验证结果表明,该模型计算精度较高,能较准确地预测地采暖环境下浸渍纸层压木质地板的甲醛释放量。     

不同温度条件下浸渍纸层压木质地板的甲醛释放量研究

现今,我国没有专门针对地采暖地板的相关标准。国标 GB 18580—2001 中只对常温条件下 （20 ℃或 23 ℃）地板的甲醛释放量有明确规定,而对于地采暖条件下（30~40 ℃）地板甲醛释放限量值 没有可供参考的科学值。又因为甲醛检测方法不同和测试结果的表征方式不同,使得测试结果可比性差。 试验采用 3 种测试方法,分别对同种地采暖地板样品进甲醛放量的测试,分析在不同溫度条件下甲醛释 放量的变化规律,为测试方法的改进和发展提出合理化建议。     

实木复合地采暖地板运行工况下的甲醛和VOC释放浓度

【目的】研究实木复合地采暖地板在冬季运行工况下室内温湿度变化及其对地板甲醛和VOC释放浓度的影响,为地采暖地板使用过程中的室内环境质量控制以及相关地采暖用地板的质量检测标准提供参考依据。【方法】构建一个面积约36 m~2的多层实木复合地板辐射供暖系统,供暖末端采用低温热水地板辐射形式。研究供暖季不同运行工况下(包括不同室外温度、不同系统供水温度等)室内温度和湿度分布以及实木复合地采暖地板中甲醛和VOC等有机污染物释放浓度的变化情况,分析地板辐射供暖系统的供热温度分布,探索多层实木复合地采暖地板甲醛和VOC的释放规律及相关影响因素。【结果】在40℃恒定水温地板辐射供暖条件下,室内平均初始温度为14.6℃,甲醛和VOC初始浓度分别为0.01和0.50 mg·m~(-3),随着持续供暖,室内温度逐渐升高,50 h后室内温度上升为20.3℃,甲醛和VOC释放浓度分别为0.04和0.70 mg·m~(-3),运行第20天甲醛和VOC释放浓度达到峰值,分别为0.05和0.86 mg·m~(-3)。在供暖温度上升至50℃时,50 h后室内平均温度为24.2℃,甲醛和VOC释放峰值浓度分别上升为0.11和1.01 mg·m~(-3),在试验供暖周期结束时浓度分别为0.03和0.72 mg·m~(-3)。甲醛和VOC释放浓度与室外温度和室内相对湿度具有一定正相关性,但其波动幅度较小。【结论】多层实木复合地采暖地板的甲醛和VOC释放与室内温湿度都具有正相关性,且受系统运行工况和室外环境的影响;当供暖系统运行温度较高时,在密闭的室内容易造成空气中甲醛等有机污染物含量超标,需进行开窗通风。本研究结果可用于指导实木复合地板采暖系统的使用以及地采暖用地板甲醛和VOC释放限量标准的补充。     

地采暖环境模拟舱的研制

为了准确地检测地采暖环境下木质地板的甲醛释放量,研制一种模拟地采暖环境的模拟舱。主要介绍该地采暖环境模拟舱的结构组成和工作原理,以及运行测试结果。结果表明,该模拟舱的温度及相对湿度波动范围都在1 m~3气候箱法允许范围内,地板上下表面存在温度梯度,可模拟真实的地面辐射供暖情况。应用模拟舱对浸渍纸层压木质地板和多层实木复合地板的甲醛释放检测值,高于常规1 m~3气候箱法检测值,且低于气候箱整体加热方式下的检测值,能更真实地反映地采暖用木质地板的甲醛释放情况。     

地采暖运行工况下木质地板甲醛释放量的变化分析

为研究地采暖环境下木质地板在居室环境中释放甲醛的规律,在地采暖试验房间内分别全屋铺设3种木质地板(三层实木复合地板、多层实木复合地板和浸渍纸层压木质地板,1 m³气候箱法检测其甲醛释放量分别为0.083、0.025和0.080 mg/m³),采用酚试剂分光光度法,在地采暖设施关闭与运行工况下分别测试空气中甲醛质量浓度,以分析木质地板甲醛释放量的变化。结果表明：1)室内全屋铺设木质地板后,按GB 50325—2020《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规程》规定在门窗关闭1 h后测试,地采暖设施关闭、运行工况下空气中甲醛质量浓度(含本底值)范围分别为0.025～0.033、0.023～0.043 mg/m³,符合GB 50325—2020对Ⅰ类民用建筑室内环境甲醛浓度≤0.07 mg/m³的限量要求;按GB/T 18883—2022《室内空气质量标准》规定,门窗关闭12 h后,地采暖设施关闭、运行工况下空气中甲醛浓度(含本底值)范围分别为0.025～0.039、0.018～0.060 mg/m^3<...     

地采暖用木质地板基于甲醛释放的承载量计算方法解析

根据地采暖用木质地板甲醛释放量及室内空气中甲醛浓度限量，提出地采暖用木质地板承载量的计算方法，介绍该方法的推导过程，并对计算公式进行验证。建立地板产品标准和室内空气质量标准的对应关系，为建立基于甲醛释放限量的地采暖用木质地板承载量规范奠定理论基础。     

引领地板行业环保技术革命——世友“净醛E_0”实木复合地板荣耀上市

背景导引：随着生活水平的提高,健康和环保已经成为社会的主流认知,家居环境中的甲醛含量也越来越受到关注。甲醛释放量是决定地板环保性能的重要指标,甲醛释放量越少意味着地板越环保,对人体越健康。根据我国现有的国家标准,     

地采暖用实木复合地板甲醛释放变化规律

测定比较地采暖用实木复合地板在常温(20℃)和地采暖(40℃)两种温度条件下的甲醛释放量,其平均值分别为0.3,1.2 mg/L.地采暖条件下,实木复合地板的甲醛释放量在使用7d后达到峰值,19 d后趋于稳定.含水率在处理前5d急剧下降,7d后趋于稳定,含水率稳定在5.60％左右.     

杨木木塑复合材料制作地板的研究

本文主要论述以速生劣质材杨木为基材 ,以有机单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为浸滞剂 ,并着以适当颜色 ,在真空状态下作浸滞处理 ,处理件在石蜡包围下 ,在 4 5～ 50℃的低温和 70～ 80℃的中温环境中进行两个阶段的化学引发聚合固化 ,制造出木塑复合材料。在此工艺基础上 ,通过制作杨木木塑复合材料地板试验 ,基本解决了该技术实际应用中出现的问题     

浅议艺术地坪在园林景观中的应用

艺术地坪是在沿用传统园林工艺基础上发展的一种新装饰工艺,它独具特点、形式多样,景观应用及环保价值较高,对于美化、改善人居环境具有重要意义。     

Hydraulic Properties of Mor Layers in Finland

Mor, which is the most common humus form in Finnish forests, is an important interface between the mineral soil and the atmosphere through which hydraulic processes, e.g. infiltration and evaporation, take place. Hydraulic properties, i.e. water-retention characteristics and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K ( ) in the mor layers of low-fertility (CT) Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sites and medium-fertility (MT) Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sites were measured on undisturbed samples. Samples were collected from four clusters, each of which contained 3-5 stands of CT and MT sites. Water retention and K ( ) were slightly higher on MT than on CT sites. With a decrease in matric potential ( ) from -4 to -60 kPa, the mean K decreased from 8.8 2 10 -3 to 1.4 2 10 -6 m d -1 and from 6.9 2 10 -3 to 4.9 2 10 -7 m d -1 at the MT and CT sites, respectively. The main source of variation both in water retention characteristics and K ( ), was the spatial heterogeneity within a stand. K ( ) did not differ statistically between stands or between clusters within either of the site types studied.     

Buttock temperature in a sedentary posture on plywood flooring of varying thickness over the ONDOL heating system

This study investigated the thermophysiological responses of healthy subjects that sat on the plywood covering of the ONDOL floor heating system. Environmental chambers were constructed for this study, wherein ambient temperature, and wall and ceiling surface temperature were controlled at 24°C, and relative humidity was 50%. The temperature of supply water (t _sw) flowing into the floor coil was altered from 15°C to 40°C at 5°C intervals. The floor covering materials used in this experiment were mortar and three types of plywood with thicknesses of 2.7, 7.5, and 12mm. The floor surface temperatures (t _f) and the skin temperatures of eight subjects were measured while they were sitting on the floor. Buttock temperature, in particular, was monitored. This experiment yielded the following results: (1) t _f was 17.0°–35.2°C on mortar finishing and 19.1°–30.2°C on 12-mm plywood covering; (2) the buttocks skin temperature increased with t _sw higher than 30°C on mortar finishing and for t _sw higher than 30°, 25°, and 20° on 2.7-, 7.5-, and 12-mm plywood finishing, respectively; (3) the differences of buttock temperature when t _sw was varied between 15° and 40°C were 11.4°C on mortar, 7.9°C on 2.7-mm plywood, 6.5°C on 7.5-mm plywood, and 5.0°C on 12-mm plywood; (4) using regression analysis, the neutral point temperature of buttocks was determined to be 32.8°C.Part of this report was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003     

基于太阳能利用的储能缓释地板模块的研制

为实现对能源的高效利用,研制了一种具有储热与热缓释的功能地板模块,对该地板模块的结构进行了设计,检测分析了5种隔热保温材料的导热系数,并对地板模块的热学特性进行了计算分析。结果表明,用挤塑板做隔热底板的保温材料热损失最少,而热源温度在60～70℃时,地板模块的吸热量最大,因此选择挤塑板做隔热底板的保温材料,地板模块的热源温度为60～70℃。     

Thermal and Aeration Properties of Mor Layers in Finland

Thermal conductivity (K _T), air permeability (K _a) and relative diffusivity of oxygen (ratio of oxygen diffusion coefficient in the soil to the oxygen diffusion coefficient in free air, D/D ₀) were measured from undisturbed mor samples taken from low-fertility (CT) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites and medium-fertility (MT) Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sites. K _T     

江南古典园林铺地艺术

本文阐述了江南古典园林铺地的形式、特点、图案和运用于不同环境中产生的不同作用，及其蕴含的中国文化，并简要介绍其对现代园林产生的影响。     

Dynamic excitation and static loading tests of glulam lattice floor

A wooden lattice floor with high stiffness and damping capacity has been developed to solve noise problems in wooden apartment houses. The lattice floor consisted of Douglas fir glulam beams with inserted steel plate joints and drift pins. To examine the structural performance of the floor, dynamic excitation and static loading tests were conducted on the full size floor. The first and second order resonance frequencies of the floor were 13.5Hz and 27.0Hz, respectively. These frequencies are similar to the peak frequency of a conventional wooden floor and the combined floor fabricated from glued laminated timber and iron. The maximum static load of the floor was 127kN. The apparent flexural rigidity was less than half the value of several floors studied in the past. However, it is considered that the stiffness is improved by constructing panels and this floor has almost equivalent performance. Relative deflection was not affected by the loading history.Part of this study was presented at the International Wood Engineering Conference, New Orleans, October 1996.     

建筑人造板的市场前景及性能要求

论述了人造板在建筑墙体材料，建筑模板，及建筑装饰、装修中的人造板合成门、地面材料等方面的应用前景及需求，并提出了人造板在建筑应用中的性能要求，以期推动人造板在建筑业中的应用，从而促进人造板工业的发展。     

结构用单板型人造板产品的应用及发展

介绍了结构用单板型人造板 (混凝土模板、车箱板、集装箱底板、单板层积材 )产品的性能特点及发展趋势 ,并探讨了黑龙江省发展这类产品的可行性