木质材料干缩湿胀对表面装饰质量的影响

主要研究实木板、胶合板、细木工板、硬质纤维板、中密度纤维板、刨花板等木质板材，以及装饰板、装饰纸、单板、薄木、涂料等装饰材料的于缩湿胀系数和木质板材装饰的可能性及装饰后的吸湿性，并分析胀缩性和吸湿性对表面胶贴和涂布装饰质量的影响。     

中国林业专利选摘

西北孢子植物种植方法，细木工板及制作方法，组合物、其制备方法及其在木材后置处理的应用，用葵花秆制小型木质条形材，在连续生产刨花板、纤维板等木质材料板的过程中压制和硬化压制料垫的方法。[编者按]     

铣刀的选用

木材切削加工中，刀具切削的对象是木材和木质复合材料。实木工件中，还可以进一步划分为软材、硬材和改性处理的木材等，木质复合材料包括胶合板、单板层积材、刨花板、定向刨花板、大片刨花板、硬质纤维板、中密度纤维板、高密度纤维板、细木工板、胶合成材等。木材切削加工同时还要切削加工那些单或双面装饰处理后木材或木质复合材料工件。     

实木复合门加工中的质量问题及对策分析

实木复合门是木质门中的一种,它是以锯材、胶合板、纤维板、刨花板、集成材、细木工板、装饰板等人造板为主要原料,机械化生产为主而制成的门框(套)、门扇。实木复合门因具有天然木材的纹理和色泽,保持     

轻型木结构用材料和构件制造技术研究进展

围绕"结构用木质复合材料和构件制造技术"任务的研究目标和内容、技术路线,总结分析国产规格材和定向刨花板设计方法、轻型木桁架制造技术和设计方法、结构用木质保温板制造与性能评价技术的研究现状,概要介绍了围绕国产材料应用研究课题的总体框架,旨在提升国产结构用木质材料及构件的制造水平,促进国产材料和构件的结构应用,推动轻型木结构建筑材料的本土化发展。     

人造板甲醛释放限量强制性国标发布新版

<正>木材行业唯一强制性国家标准,GB 18580-2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》,于2017年4月由国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会批准发布。该标准是在原GB 18580-2001的基础上修订而成,并与现行的国际标准(ISO)接轨,针对室内装饰装修用人造板及其制品中,甲醛释放限量要求、试验方法、判定规则和检验报告等,均做出了明确的规定,适用于纤维板、刨花板、胶合板、细木工板、重组装饰材、单板层积材、集成材、饰面人造板、木质地板、木质墙板、木质门窗等室内用各类人造     

我区人造板工业的现状与发展方向

一、人造板工业的现状人造板工业是林产工业的主要组成部分,也是林产工业发展水平的重要标志。我区人造板工业主要有胶合板、纤维板、刨花板及刨花板贴面装饰板和细木工板等产品。纤维板是自治区1969年由波兰引进设备在甘河林业公司建厂投产的。胶合板、刨花板及刨花板贴面装饰板和细木工板等产品,是在80年代前后相继     

几种人造板甲醛释放量探讨

用抽吸法测试了胶合板、细木工板、刨花板、中密度纤维板甲醛释放量并进行比较，结果表明：在所测板种中，胶合板的甲醛释放量最高，细木工板次之。     

人造板在建筑工程中的应用探讨

指出了人造板是通过一定的技术手段将木质材料重组加工而形成质优的新型木材,其加工水平的高低体现了一个国家对木材利用效益的高低,已在家具、装修、建筑等行业被广泛使用。其中,人造板在建筑行业具有巨大的市场。阐述了常规人造板的类型(胶合板、纤维板、细木工板和刨花板)及其加工特点和材质的优缺点,并进一步分析了不同类型的人造板在建筑行业领域的应用情况以及适用范围,为合理开发人造板在建筑业的应用提供一点参考。     

基于超声波回波分析的单板层积材质量检测系统

系统提出一种以超声波回波分析理论建立检测模型的方法,以单板层积材为研究对象,通过超声波换能器探头对其质量进行无损检测,并对超声波回波进行时域及频域实验分析和讨论.分析了FFT变换后的频谱图,通过对比频谱图可判断出单板层积材的质量,实现在线检测.     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.