Ni/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其在松节油催化加氢反应中的应用

以溶胶凝胶法制备Ti O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体,采用超声波辅助浸渍负载Ni制得Ni/Ti O_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,将其应用于松节油催化加氢反应,考察了催化剂制备条件及松节油催化加氢反应条件对催化加氢的影响。结果表明,复合载体中钛铝物质的量之比(钛铝比)值0.4、载体焙烧温度550℃、超声波功率280 W、硝酸镍浸渍液浓度0.5 mol/L和超声波辅助浸渍时间2 h的条件下,制备的催化剂Ni/Ti O_2-Al_2O_3催化性能最高。最佳的加氢反应条件为:反应时间140 min、反应压力4.5 MPa、反应温度150℃和催化剂用量为松节油质量的5%,该条件下原料中α-蒎烯转化率达97.27%,产物顺式蒎烷的选择性为96.15%,顺式蒎烷的得率为93.52%。     

纳米镍催化α-蒎烯加氢合成顺式蒎烷的研究

将纳米镍催化剂首次应用于α-蒎烯的氢化反应中,与其他催化剂相比,本实验条件下原料转化率高于骨架镍,产物顺式蒎烷选择性高于Pd／C。对影响纳米镍催化下α-蒎烯加氢反应制备顺式蒎烷的因素进行了讨论,得出适宜的反应条件：温度90℃,压力4．0MPa,催化剂用量1．0％（质量分数）,原料α-蒎烯转化率达100％,产物顺式蒎烷选择性94．3％。     

[BMIM]BF_4中钌纳米催化剂的制备及催化α-蒎烯加氢反应

RuCl_3·3H_2O与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF_4)物质的量比为100∶1,在60℃下常压搅拌2 h,再充入4.0 MPa H_2,40℃反应3 h,制得[BMIM]BF_4稳定的Ru纳米粒子催化剂;利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明:在[BMIM]BF_4中制备的Ru纳米粒子呈面心立方密堆积(ccp)结构,且Ru纳米粒子分布较均匀,其平均粒径为(2.5±0.6)nm。以水为反应介质,将该催化剂用于催化α-蒎烯加氢反应。在α-蒎烯与催化剂的物质的量比为400∶1、水用量4 mL、90℃、3.0 MPa氢气压力下反应1.5 h时,α-蒎烯的转化率即可达99%以上,其中顺式蒎烷的选择性为98.9%。     

松节油水合萜二醇合成对(艹孟)烷二胺反应的研究

探索研究了由水合萜二醇制备对(艹孟)烷二胺(MDA)的全新合成路线.使用叠氮化钠将水和萜二醇转化成为二叠氮基对(艹孟)烷(平均得率73.1%),再通过林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂使其催化加氢还原,成功制备了对划出界(艹孟)烷二胺(平均得率86.3%),反应总得率为63.1%.合成对(艹孟)烷二胺产品经过分离和提纯后通过物理性能、气相色谱组成、GC-MS、IR、1H NMR等分析测试,鉴定了化学结构.在此基础上,对(艹孟)烷二胺产品作为环氧树脂固化剂进行了应用试验,其试验结果表明,该合成产品与市售对蓋烷-1,8-二胺产品性能相当.研究结果表明,该合成路线是有效可行的.     

Pd/mpg-C_3N_4催化剂的制备、表征及其对松香加氢反应的催化性能

以SiO_2和三聚氰胺为原料,通过高温焙烧法制得介孔类石墨相氮化碳(mpg-C_3N_4),以浸渍法负载Pd纳米粒子制得Pd/mpg-C_3N_4,并用于催化松香加氢反应。采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、ICP-AES、XPS、氮气吸附-脱附及GC分析对催化剂的结构、形貌特征、Pd负载量、金属价态、比表面积和孔径以及催化活性进行分析。结果表明:Pd纳米粒子成功地均匀分散在了氮化碳的层状结构中,Pd的负载并没有改变mpg-C_3N_4的骨架结构,Pd/mpg-C_3N_4仍然保持着介孔结构;但是Pd的负载使mpg-C_3N_4的比表面积、孔容和孔径均有所减小,Pd/mpg-C_3N_4的比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为47.73 m^2/g、0.17 cm^3/g和3.39 nm。在负载量为7.96%,5 MPa H_2、150℃和反应4 h的松香催化加氢优化条件下制得去氢枞酸GC含量5.99%,枞酸GC含量小于1%的氢化松香产品(其中四氢枞酸为37.12%,二氢枞酸为56.71%)。催化剂Pd/mpg-C_3N_4重复使用4次后,四氢枞酸GC含量由37.12%下降至24.71%,去氢枞酸GC含量由5.99%上升至9.76%。     

3-(2'-羟基亚苄基)诺蒎酮的合成、表征及其酸碱指示性能研究

以β-蒎烯为原料,先经氧化反应合成诺蒎酮,诺蒎酮与水杨醛进一步经羟醛缩合反应合成了3-(2'-羟基亚苄基)诺蒎酮,通过单因素和正交试验优化了缩合反应的工艺条件。结果表明:缩合反应的优化工艺条件为:诺蒎酮1.43 g,以30 m L叔丁醇为溶剂,2.5 g叔丁醇钾为催化剂,n(诺蒎酮)∶n(水杨醛)为1.0∶1.2,回流反应2 h,产物得率为79.46%。采用MS、IR、NMR、X射线单晶衍射等对3-(2'-羟基亚苄基)诺蒎酮的结构进行了表征,确认了化合物的结构,该化合物的晶体属单斜晶系,P212121空间群。对3-(2'-羟基亚苄基)诺蒎酮的酸碱指示性能进行了研究,结果表明:该化合物滴定0.257 4 mol/L盐酸标准溶液时,指示颜色为橘黄色,测定的盐酸浓度为0.259 6 mol/L,RSD为0.089%,滴定的灵敏度高、偏差小,效果优于酚酞指示剂。     

水溶液体系中Ca(OH)_2和FeSO_4的除磷效应

为了解决人工湿地冬季除磷效果减弱的问题,试验选取了Ca(OH)_2和FeSO_4作为辅助除磷试剂,考察了水溶液体系中两者的除磷效应。结果表明:Ca(OH)_2和FeSO_4均具有较好的除磷效果,单独使用时Ca(OH)_2要优于FeSO_4,但单独使用会显著改变体系的p H值,破坏人工湿地的生态环境。采用Ca(OH)_2与FeSO_4的合理配比和先添加Ca(OH)_2再施用FeSO_4的顺序,不仅可极大地提高磷的去除率,还可以有效地调节系统溶液的酸碱度至中性,从而保持人工湿地生态系统的稳定性。本研究结果为强化人工湿地除磷提供了新方案和基础数据。     

离子液体[HSO3-(CH2)4-mim][HSO4]催化合成松香甘油酯的研究

合成了1-磺酸丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐离子液体([HSO3-(CH2)4-mim][HSO4]),并以其为催化剂,催化松香和甘油酯化合成了松香甘油酯,用红外及核磁共振对产品进行了表征.详细探讨了各因素对酯化反应的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:醇酸比(nOH:nCOOH)为1.1:1,反应温度260℃.反应时间7 h,离子...     

离子液体[HSO3-(CH2)4-mim][HSO4]催化合成松香甘油酯的研究

合成了1-磺酸丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐离子液体([HSO3-(CH2)4-mim][HSO4]),并以其为催化剂,催化松香和甘油酯化合成了松香甘油酯,用红外及核磁共振对产品进行了表征。详细探讨了各因素对酯化反应的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:醇酸比(nOH∶nCOOH)为1.1∶1,反应温度260℃,反应时间7 h,离子液体用量0.03%(占原料松香质量)。在此条件下,产品酸值9.6 mg/g,软化点90℃,得率100.2%,色泽(Fe-Co法)4,与传统催化剂ZnO相比,产品性能更佳。     

一种制备(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇的新方法

在催化剂过氧磷钨酸十二烷基吡啶盐(Cat-PW4)的作用下,α-蒎烯与H2O2反应生成主要产物(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇。不同反应条件对反应转化率和选择性的实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:12.8 mmolα-蒎烯、5 m L溶剂三氯甲烷、0.2 g催化剂、3.3 m L 30%H2O2,反应温度40℃,反应时间3 h,α-蒎烯转化率和产物的选择性分别为94.7%和39.8%。反应结束后,该产物存在于水相和有机相中,通过萃取和重结晶分离提纯,得率11%,纯度达到98%;其分子结构通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、1H核磁共振谱、13C核磁共振谱、低分辨率质谱及高分辨率质谱确证。     

Cost, energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) effectiveness of a harvesting and transporting system for residual forest biomass

The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of a system to harvest logging residues (or slashes) as a new resource for energy in Japan. A harvesting and transporting system for residual forest biomass was constructed with reference to some European countries where the utilization of bioenergy is making steady progress and examined on the basis of field experiments in Japanese forestry. The feasibility of the system is discussed from the standpoints of cost and energy, and the system is compared with those of the European countries. With respect to the system proposed in this study, it is desirable that the process of chipper comminuting is incorporated into the system as early as possible, considering the trends of harvesting cost and fuel consumption per unit weight of residual forest biomass. Such a system is not particularly feasible in Japan from the standpoint of the harvesting cost per MWh of bioenergy. However, no specific problems are found from the point of view of the energy input rate, and it is clarified that it is possible for Japan to reduce domestic carbon dioxide emissions by utilizing biomass as an energy resource. A comparison with the European countries and a preliminary sensitivity analysis of the system demonstrate that the technical development to reduce the harvesting cost,e.g., improving the forwarding and transporting efficiency, and support from the government are essential for realizing bioenergy utilization in Japan. A part of this paper was orally presented at the 111th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (2000). JSPS Research Fellow. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (No. 10460061).     

N-(邻羟基苯甲基)脱氢枞胺的合成及在盐酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能

由脱氢枞胺与水杨醛制备脱氢枞胺水杨醛希夫碱(DAS),经硼氢化钠还原得到N-(邻羟基苯甲基)脱氢枞胺(DARS).采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、1H NMR对DARS进行结构表征,并通过静态失重法、电化学方法考察DARS在盐酸溶液中对A3钢的缓蚀性能.结果表明,DARS含有仲胺官能团,在盐酸溶液中的溶解性和稳定性大于DAS,...     

Effects of [CO2] and nitrogen on morphological and biomass traits of white birch (Betula papyrifera) seedlings

To investigate the interactive effects of CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) and nitrogen supply on the growth and biomass of boreal trees, white birch seedlings (Betula papyrifera) were grown under ambient (360 μmol mol⁻¹) and elevated [CO₂] (720 μmol mol⁻¹) with five nitrogen supply regimes (10, 80, 150, 220, and 290 μmol mol⁻¹) in greenhouses. After 90 days of treatment, seedling height, root-collar diameter, biomass of different organs, leaf N concentration, and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured. Significant interactive effects of [CO₂] and N supply were found on height, root-collar diameter, leaf biomass, stem biomass and total biomass, stem mass ratio (SMR), and root mass ratio (RMR), but not on root mass, leaf mass ratio (LMR), leaf to root ratio (LRR), or leaf N concentration. The CO₂ elevation generally increased all the growth and biomass parameters and the increases were generally greater at higher levels of N supply or higher leaf N concentration. However, the CO₂ elevation significantly reduced SLA (13.4%) and mass-based leaf N concentration but did not affect area-based leaf N concentration. Increases in N supply generally increased the growth and biomass parameters, but the relationships were generally curvilinear. Based on a second order polynomial model, the optimal leaf N concentration was 1.33 g m⁻² for height growth under ambient [CO₂] and 1.52 g m⁻² under doubled [CO₂]; 1.48 g m⁻² for diameter under ambient [CO₂] and 1.64 g m⁻² under doubled [CO₂]; 1.29 g m⁻² for stem biomass under ambient [CO₂] and 1.43 g m⁻² under doubled [CO₂]. The general trend is that the optimal leaf N was higher at doubled than ambient [CO₂]. However, [CO₂] did not affect the optimal leaf N for leaf and total biomass. The CO₂ elevation significantly increased RMR and SMR but decreased LMR and LRR. LMR increased and RMR decreased with the increasing N supply. SMR increased with increase N supply up to 80 μmol mol⁻¹ and then leveled off (under elevated [CO₂]) or stated to decline (under ambient [CO₂]) with further increases in N supply. The results suggest that the CO₂ elevation increased biomass accumulation, particularly stem biomass and at higher N supply. The results also suggest that while modest N fertilization will increase seedling growth and biomass accumulation, excessive application of N may not stimulate further growth or even result in growth decline.     

Energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of logging residues as alternative energy resources: system analysis based on the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis

Using the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, the energy balance and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of logging residues from Japanese conventional forestry as alternative energy resources were analyzed over the entire life cycle of the residues. The fuel consumption for forestry machines was measured in field experiments for harvesting and transporting logging residues at forestry operating sites in Japan. In addition, a total audit of energy consumption was undertaken. It involved an assessment of materials, construction, and the repair and maintenance of forestry machines as well as the costs associated with an energy-conversion plant. As a result, the ratio of energy output to input was calculated to be 5.69, indicating that the system examined in this study could be feasible as an energy production system. The CO₂ emission per MWh_e (e: electricity) of the biomass-fired power generation plant was calculated to be 61.8kgCO₂/MWh_e, while that of coal-fired power generation plants in Japan is 960kgCO₂/MWh_e. Therefore, the reduction in the amount of CO₂ emission that would result from replacing coal with biomass for power generation by as much as 3.0 million dry-t/year of logging residues in Japan was estimated to be 1.66 million tCO₂/year, corresponding to 0.142% of the national CO₂ emission. This study provides evidence that Japan could reduce its domestic CO₂ emission by using logging residues as alternative energy resources.     

Anti-inflammatory,cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, COX-1 inhibitory and antioxidant effects of Dysophylla stellata Benth.

The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of whole plants of Dysophylla stellata significantly inhibited edema when applied topically at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/ear in TPA-induced ear edema assay in mice. Further, both the extracts were evaluated for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities and showed 85.42 and 57.38%; and 71.79 and 89.27% inhibition at 50 µg/ml, respectively. Chromones (1 and 2) present in these extracts could be responsible for their COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethyl acetate extract showed antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay where as n-hexane extract found to be inactive.