亚洲橡胶价格持续走高将会妨碍橡胶木采伐

马来西亚：马来西亚家具工业中，橡胶木持续短缺。在过去的20年中，中国和泰国的汽车工业将某些等级的天然橡胶价格推向最高水平，从而使橡胶木的采伐变得无利可图。另外，橡胶木商人在选择消费基础时，更加挑剔。目前，绝大部分橡胶木商人更愿意将橡胶木出售给信誉好的客户，特别是那些可以先期支付的客户。因此，家具制造商被追从邻国，例如：泰国和印度尼西亚，进口橡胶木。有人断言，目前橡胶木，假冒指接家具构件的名义。     

杉木指接集成板的生产工艺与技术

采用南方速生杉木制造指接集成板,从杉木材性、加工工艺、设备性能、材料利用率、生产成本、产品质量和市场需求等方面出发,研究和分析了南方速生杉木制造指接集成板的特点和应掌握的技术问题.结果表明,这种杉木有高胶接强度和浸渍剥离强度,但自身剪切强度较低.采取恰当的工艺与技术,用南方速生杉木可以生产出满足市场需求的较高质量的指接集成板.     

橡胶木加工利用现状和展望

一些国家大力发展橡胶木的加工利用，用低等级小径橡胶木生产高挡出口产品，取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益，并已受到国际社会的广泛关注。文章论述了国内外橡胶木加工利用及贸易现况，对加强我国橡胶木的加工利用提出了建议。     

马来西亚家具工业委员会称赞对橡胶木出口禁令的扩大

马来西亚：马来西亚家具工业委员会（MFIC）称赞政府将关于橡胶小出门的禁令扩人到包括指接橡胶木锯材产品。此禁令已在2006年8月起生效，此项涉及4种橡胶木产品的禁令是由人工林工业和商品部制定的。MFIC在一份声明中称，此禁令非常及时，因当地的家具制造商发现由于需求量大而造成了橡胶木供应紧张的局而。2006年，马来西亚出口了价值70亿林吉特的家具，其中80％是以橡胶木为原料的。MFIC主席说，     

实木拼接板胶合性能及其破坏形式

对铁杉木、橡胶木和北美核桃木拼接板的胶层耐久性能、侧拼抗剪和指接抗弯强度进行了检验.结果表明:侧拼胶层通过Ⅰ类浸渍剥离试验要求,指接胶层不能完全满足Ⅱ类浸渍剥离要求,破坏形式主要有胶层开裂和边齿脱落 ;侧拼抗剪强度低于木材顺纹抗剪强度5％,指接抗弯强度是木材抗弯强度的26.2％～77.9％,破坏形式主要有指接胶层开裂、指榫折断及木材撕裂.     

热处理橡胶木的有机酸释放量及其对材性的影响

为了改进橡胶木热处理工艺,采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质,进行橡胶木热处理,检测处理过程中,橡胶木释放有机酸的量,并探讨有机酸对材性的影响.结果表明,提高热处理温度,延长高温阶段处理时间,试材释放有机酸量增加;随着有机酸释放量的上升,橡胶木的平衡含水率降低,质量损失率增加,颜色变深,抗弯强度下降,耐腐性改善.     

集成指接木皮的加工

介绍了集成指接木皮材的优点、制作方法和加工工艺。     

中国橡胶木加工利用调查

本文简要叙述了中国橡胶木资源、板材防腐与干燥处理，家具及人造板生产等加工利用状况，并对今后开展橡胶木加工利用的研究及推广提出了建议。     

橡胶木的特性与应用

本文介绍了橡胶木的基本特性，开发和应用情况，以及加工中存在的问题，论述了橡胶木防腐处理的药物，方法和干燥技术方法。     

落叶松结构用胶合木层板指接工艺参数对力学性能的影响

以兴安落叶松刨光锯材制作胶合木指接层板,探讨指榫参数、指接压力和不同规格尺寸对锯材指接层板抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:指榫工艺参数对指接层板抗弯弹性模量影响较小,而对抗弯强度影响较大。当选用12.7、19mm和25mm指榫长度及其相应的指接工艺参数时,层板抗弯强度平均值和5%分位值均能达到国家标准GB/T 26899-2011《结构用集成材》目测分等Ⅰ_d等级和机械分等M_E14等级规定值,对于中小截面胶合木层板,尽可能考虑选用12.7~19mm范围内较小的指榫长度进行指接加工以利节材。在指接过程中应选用合适的指接压力,指接压力过大或过小都会对指接层板抗弯性能尤其强度造成不利影响,指接层板抗弯强度的尺寸效应与非指接锯材相似。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.