减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响

氮、 磷用量偏大,钾肥用量不足不仅影响水稻的正常生长发育,而且导致养分利用率偏低。本文通过田间试验,研究减量施用氮、 磷肥,稳定钾肥投入对水稻产量、 养分积累量和肥料利用率的影响。试验设14个处理,每个处理重复2次。结果表明,氮钾、 磷钾、 氮磷钾配施处理的水稻秸秆生物量和籽粒产量均显著高于不施肥处理（P0.05）; 减氮控磷稳钾处理（N 225 kg/hm2、 P2O5 60 kg/hm2、 K2O 90 kg/hm2）与常规施肥处理相比（N 300 kg/hm2、 P2O5 150 kg/hm2、 K2O 60 kg/hm2）能显著增加水稻秸秆生物量（P0.05）,明显提高千粒重和籽粒产量; 试验还得出,减氮控磷稳钾处理分蘖期地上部氮、 钾含量和秸秆氮、 钾含量显著高于常规施肥处理（P0.05）; 收获期地上部氮、 钾的积累量和氮、 磷的表观利用率显著大于常规施肥处理（P0.05）。适当减少氮、 磷用量, 增加钾肥用量能改善氮、 钾营养状况,促进地上部干物质的积累,提高籽粒产量和氮、 磷表观利用率。N 196.2 kg/hm2、 P2O5 46.5 kg/hm2、 K2O 90 kg/hm2的配施方案具有实际推广应用价值。     

松嫩平原黑土区玉米生产氮磷配合肥效优化模型的研究

通过对黑土区玉米生产氮磷肥配合多年多眯次的试验研究,建立产量与肥效地优化模型,优化解析出黑土区玉米生产氮磷含最佳用量的Ｎ１７２．９ｋｇ／ｈａ,Ｐ２Ｏ５５７．４ｋｇ／ｈａ,氮磷比为３．０：１,可获得最佳产量７７９１．０ｋｇ／ｈａ;最佳用量范围内,氮,磷用量相同时,平均每公斤氮可增产玉米１４．４ｋｇ,每公斤磷可增产玉米１６．９ｋｇ,磷的肥效比氮好,但氮的增产潜力远比磷大,单施磷可增产玉米７３４．９ｋｇ     

不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响

通过田间膜下滴灌栽培,研究不同氮素水平对甜瓜养分吸收、 分配及产量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥显著提高了甜瓜的氮、 磷、 钾的积累量,特别是显著提高了甜瓜后期氮、 磷、 钾的积累量。在施P2O5 140 kg/hm2、 K2O 150 kg/hm2 的基础上施N 225 kg/hm2,甜瓜的养分吸收量和产量均为最高,各施氮处理甜瓜氮肥利用率在11%~29%之间,且随施氮量的增加而降低。甜瓜对钾的吸收量最高,氮次之,磷最少,表明甜瓜是喜钾作物。     

Interaction of salinity,nitrogen, and phosphorus fertilization on wheat

This study determined whether the application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) could ameliorate salt‐induced reduction in wheat production. Saline irrigation water (0.5, 4.0, 8.2, and 12.5 dS/m) and N and P fertilizers (150 kg N/ha and 37.5 kg P₂O₅/ha) were applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Saka 92') grown on a calcareous soil in a greenhouse experiment. Plants received equal amounts of each fertilizer, but the time and frequency of application differed. All salinity levels reduced straw and grain yields, leaf soluble proteins, nitrate (NO₃) content, actual and potential nitrate reductase activity (NRA), and grain protein content. The delay in pollen meiotic cell division increased with salinity. Under saline conditions, applying N and P fertilizers at the end of the grain filling stage improved yield and metabolic performance of the plants compared to other fertilizer treatments.     

Effect of Varying Nitrogen Regimes on Growth,Seed Yield,and Nutrient Accumulation in Isabgol

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dose of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for attaining maximum yield of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.). Sixty three-day-old plants were subjected to varying levels of N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N/ha) until seed harvesting. Maximum growth and seed yield occurred at 60 kg N/ha, whereas 90 kg/ha was inhibitory to isabgol growth. The growth and seed yield recorded at 30 or 60 kg N/ha did not differ much, and in view of the high cost to be incurred from applying 60 kg N/ha and the relatively low yield achieved at this level, 30 kg N/ha would be a much more suitable level for isabgol. Accumulation of N, potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) in shoots or roots of isabgol increased consistently under increasing levels of N, but this pattern of increase in the levels of three nutrients in plant tissues was negatively associated with the growth of the crop, particularly at the supra-optimal N level (90 kg N/ha).     

不同氮素用量对杭白菊养分累积、转运及产量的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究不同施氮量对杭白菊养分积累、转运及产量的影响,以确定杭白菊最佳氮肥用量。试验设5个处理,氮素用量分别为0、90 kg/hm2、120 kg/hm2、150 kg/hm2、180 kg/hm2,以N0、N1、N2、N3、N4表示,5次重复。结果表明,不同氮素用量影响杭白菊不同时期干物质和养分的阶段积累量,但不影响其积累趋势,整个生育期内杭白菊氮、磷、钾积累量为钾氮磷。不同施氮量影响茎叶氮、磷、钾的转移效率和在不同器官中的分配比率,以不施肥处理最高,N3(150 kg/hm2)次之。在氮、磷、钾三种元素中,转运效率磷氮钾。收获期氮、磷、钾在不同器官的分配比率不同,氮素、钾素分配比率为茎花叶根,磷素分配比率为茎花根叶。各处理杭白菊花的产量在1746.232~211.3 kg/hm2之间,以N3(150 kg/hm2)处理产量最高。在本实验条件下,杭白菊的推荐施氮量为150 kg/hm2。     

不同氮磷钾处理对木薯产量、 养分积累、 利用及经济效益的影响

于2010和2011年,以木薯品种华南205（SC205）为试验材料,采用3414方案设计,研究了氮磷钾不同施肥处理对木薯产量、 养分积累利用和经济效益的影响,并通过多元回归建立红壤旱地木薯的施肥效益方程。结果表明,施肥处理的鲜薯产量显著高于不施肥处理; 缺氮处理的鲜薯产量显著低于缺磷和缺钾处理,对鲜薯产量的影响N＞K2O＞P2O5; 施肥处理中以N2P2K2处理的鲜薯产量、 鲜薯淀粉含量、 鲜生物量、 养分收获指数和经济效益最高,而产投比以N2P2K0处理最高,N1P2K1处理其次,N2P2K3处理最小。木薯植株养分积累总量K2O＞N＞P2O5,平均100 kg鲜薯养分需求量分别为1.00、 0.91和0.11 kg,平均养分收获指数分别为0.53、 0.33和0.46。相关分析表明,木薯产量与施氮量呈极显著正相关,与施钾量呈显著正相关,与施磷量相关不显著。在本试验条件下,三元二次方程拟合结果表明,达到经济最佳产量时的氮、 磷、 钾施用量分别为205.37、 65.43和311.30 kg/hm2,产投比为6.23。     

不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响

根据供试土壤的养分状况,通过2年不同施氮水平的田间小区试验,2007年设施N 0、135、270、405 kg/hm2四个水平,2008年设施N0、150、300、450 kg/hm2四个水平,在加工番茄的主要生育期,测定植株生物量和不同器官氮、磷、钾含量,并结合成熟期产量,研究不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,加工番茄对氮、钾需求量远大于磷;加工番茄干物质及氮、磷、钾养分的积累动态均呈"S"型增长;施氮可以极大地促进加工番茄植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,各施氮处理比不施氮处理多吸收氮75.8%～189.2%,多吸收磷49.4%～162.7%,多吸收钾60.7%～176.8%;在一定的施氮范围内,吸收氮、磷、钾的量随施氮量增加而增加;植株吸收的养分最终50%以上都聚集在果实中;在施用磷、钾肥的基础上合理施用氮肥可以显著提高加工番茄的经济产量,2007和2008年增产分别达43.8%和114.3%;过量施氮可造成加工番茄贪青晚熟,但可以通过后期合理增施氮肥,作为解决加工番茄采收期短、加工紧张问题的一个辅助措施。     

氮、磷肥对裸燕麦子粒产量和β-葡聚糖含量的影响

以裸燕麦青永久887(Avena nuda L. cv. Qingyongjiu No.887)为材料,研究了施氮和施磷对子粒产量与β-葡聚糖含量的影响;分析了N、P肥对裸燕麦子粒产量构成因素,穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,裸燕麦穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重及子粒产量,随施氮量的增加呈先增后降变化趋势;随施磷量的增加而增加。β-葡聚糖含量随施氮或施磷量的增加而增加。在N 90 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2处理下,裸燕麦穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、子粒产量均达最高值;在N 135kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2处理,裸燕麦子粒β-葡聚糖含量最高。经济效益分析表明,经济施肥量为:N 90 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2。裸燕麦子粒产量Y (kg/hm2),可用其与N (kg/hm2)和P (P2O5,kg/hm2)肥间的二元二次回归方程估测。     

日光温室滴灌条件下黄瓜氮、磷、有机肥肥效与施肥模式研究

采用N、P、有机肥三因素五水平最优设计,在陕北黄土高原进行了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥肥效与施肥模式的田间试验。得到了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥的肥效反应模式,以及N、P和有机肥单因素对日光温室黄瓜产量的影响。结果表明N、P、有机肥对日光温室黄瓜产量增加的影响是有机肥 N P,施用有机肥是日光温室黄瓜增产的主要措施。当施P2O5量小于750 kg/km2、施氮量小于1150 kg/hm2时,N、P肥有增产效果,用量大于此施肥量时N、P肥效降低。根据反应模式提出在黄瓜目标产量在83000~88000 kg/hm2之间,95%置信区间的N、P、有机肥最佳施肥用量为N 807.5～1309.3、P2O5 576.6～991.6 kg/hm2;有机肥41.3～148.9 t/hm2。N∶P2O5为1∶0.714～0.757。日光温室黄瓜种植应以有机肥为主,氮磷肥配合施用。     

Response of bell pepper grown inside plastic houses to nitrogen fertigation

Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons inside plastic houses to evaluate bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) response to nitrogen fertigation. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied through irrigation water at rates of zero, 150, 250, and 350 N kg ha^‐1. The crops were irrigated in weekly bases with the amount of water equivalent to 80% of the E Pan reading. All treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Five plants were sampled from each experimental unit at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after planting. Growth rate, nutrient uptake and yield were determined. The results indicate that the yield and marketable number of fruits in both seasons increased with the addition of nitrogen. The highest yield was obtained with the addition of 150 kg N ha^‐1. The maximum growth rate and the maximum rate of accumulation of dry matter in the fruits occurred during the period of 90 to 150 days after planting. This may indicate that the peak of the pepper N requirement and utilization would be during the same period of the maximum growth rate. Increasing the rates of nitrogen applied increased the uptake of nitrogen by the plants and at the same time stimulated the uptake of potassium and phosphorus through the synergistic effect of nitrogen on both nutrients.     

Response of mustard to seed treatment with pyridioxine and basal and foliar application of nitrogen and phosphorus

In a simple randomised field trial conducted during 1985–86/ 1986–87, the effect of basal nitrogen (45 and 60 kg N/ha) and basal phosphorus (15 and 20 kg P/ha) applications together with the soaking of seeds in 0.025% aqueous pyridoxine hydrochloride solution for 4h and foliar applications of 15 kg N/ha and 5 kg P/ha in two installments at 70 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) was studied on the performance of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Recommended basal applications of 90 kg N/ha and 30 kg P/ha (BN₉₀P₃₀) was used as the control. The parameters studied included leaf area index (LAI) at 60, 80, and 100 DAS, net assimilation rate at 60–80 and 80–100 day intervals, and pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed yield, oil content, and oil yield at harvest. In general, the pyridoxine treatment proved superior over water soaking. The higher basal fertilizer dose was effective and foliar application of N and P gave higher values as compared to the water foliar application alone. The combination of pyridoxine + BN₆₀P₂₀+ FN₁₅FP₅ significantly enhanced the performance of the crop and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 15.8 and 13.5%, respectively, over the check BN₉₀P₃₀ treatment.     

氮、磷、钾肥对卡因菠萝产量和品质的影响

运用3414试验设计,在大田试验条件下研究氮、 磷、 钾肥不同配比对卡因菠萝产量和品质的影响,提出适宜的肥料用量。结果表明:施用氮（N）、 磷（P2O5）、 钾肥（K2O）卡因菠萝分别增产15.5、 4.8和12.6 t/hm2,增产率为16.8%、 4.5%和13.1%,增加纯收入34800、 11000和27600 Yuan/hm2,农学效率分别为39.3、 42.3和29.6 kg/kg; 施肥增产、 增收效果以及对产量的贡献率均表现为N＞K2O＞P2O5, 肥料农学效率则表现为P2O5＞N＞K2O。在 P2（100 kg/hm2）K2（500 kg/hm2）基础上,施氮降低果实中维生素C和可滴定酸含量,增加了可溶性糖含量,而在N2（400 kg/hm2）P2（100 kg/hm2）基础上,施钾增加果实中维生素C、 可滴定酸和可溶性糖含量,施用磷肥对果实品质影响不大。对卡因菠萝产量效应函数进行频率分析法寻优得出,卡因菠萝目标产量超过105 t/hm2, 95%置信区间的优化施肥量为氮（N）281.27~436.48 kg/hm2、 磷（P2O5）64.03~121.69 kg/hm2、 钾（K2O）428.59~628.55 kg/hm2,N、 P2O5、 K2O的最优施肥量配比为1∶0.15~0.43∶0.982.23。研究结论可为果农从事卡因菠萝栽培提供施肥参考。     

桔梗氮、磷、钾施肥效应与施肥模式研究

采用氮、磷、钾三因素2次D-饱和最优设计(310),通过大田试验建立了氮、磷、钾施肥量与桔梗产量和总皂苷含量的效应函数。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对桔梗产量的影响大小依次为氮肥 钾肥 磷肥;氮、磷、钾肥对桔梗总皂苷含量的影响大小依次为氮肥 磷肥 钾肥。对各效应函数进行频率分析法寻优结果表明,桔梗目标产量在4200～4800 kg/hm2,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为N 83.72～119.41 kg/hm2、P2O5 64.10～134.39 kg/hm2、K2O 78.80～147.20 kg/hm2;桔梗总皂苷含量在5.5%以上,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为N 113.37～140.12 kg/hm2、P2O5 85.96～153.44 kg/hm2、K2O 76.86～136.38 kg/hm2;桔梗高产优质高效栽培最优施肥量为N 113.37～119.41 kg/hm2、P2O5 85.96～134.39 kg/hm2、K2O 78.80～136.38 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O的最优施用量配比为1︰0.72～1.18︰0.66～1.20。     

萝卜适宜施氮量和氮肥基追比例研究

运用15N示踪法研究了大田条件下不同氮肥用量与施肥方式对萝卜氮素吸收、分配及肉质根产量的影响。试验设置3个氮水平（0、 60和120 kg/hm2）和两种基追肥比例［基肥∶破肚期肥料∶膨大期肥料=50%∶20%∶30%（A）和30%∶20%∶50%（B）］,共5个处理,依次记作 N0、N60A、N60B、N120A、N120B。结果表明,在施N 0120 kg/hm2范围内,随氮施用量的增加,萝卜吸收的肥料氮素、土壤氮素数量及肥料氮在土壤中的残留量显著增加,氮素的吸收利用率和土壤残留率显著下降,氮素损失率显著增加。当氮用量为120 kg/hm2 时, N120A和N120B处理萝卜吸收的肥料氮素、土壤氮素及肥料氮在土壤中的残留量分别为30.50、 53.64、 14.88 kg/hm2和35.56、 56.61、 17.81 kg/hm2,采收期肉质根产量分别为67.6 t/hm2和72.5 t/hm2,比对应的低氮处理（N60A和N60B）分别增加64.07%和66.67%,且N120B处理萝卜氮素吸收利用率显著提高。因此,适量施氮并增加肉质根膨大期的施氮比例,可有效提高氮肥利用率,显著增加萝卜肉质根产量。在本试验条件下,施氮量为120 kg/hm2, 按照基肥∶破肚期肥料∶膨大期肥料比例30%∶20%∶50%进行施肥,是兼顾产量和氮肥利用效率的最佳氮肥运筹方式。     

Response of greenhouse cucumber to mineral fertilizers on a high phosphorus and potassium soil

The response of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Lolita) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers on a soil high in available P and K was studied during 1986. The greenhouses were located in the Beqa Valley, central Lebanon, and their soil chemical properties before planting were: NO₃‐N = 52 ppm, P(NaHCO₃ ext.) = 100 ppm, K (ammonium acetate ext.) = 650 ppm, ECe = 1.6 dS/m, pH = 7.5. Nitrogen at 200 kg/ha, P at 85 kg/ha and K at 150 kg/ha were applied in the following combinations: N, N+K, N+P+K and an unfertilized control. The rates were split into four equal weekly applications starting on the fourth week after transplanting the seedlings to the greenhouse. The treatments were applied through the drip irrigation system of the greenhouses. Fruit yield over the two months of harvest was highest in plants receiving N alone, which yielded 57 ton/ha. Yields of the plots receiving N+K, N+P+K and the control were 55.0, 54.0 and 39.5 ton/ha, respectively. Yield during the first month of harvest was comparable in all fertilized treatments and was substantially higher than the control.     

膜荚黄芪氮磷钾优化施肥模式研究

采用氮,磷,钾三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,通过田间试验,建立了氮磷钾的施肥量编码值与膜荚黄芪根产量、多糖含量的效应函数。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对膜荚黄芪根产量的增产作用大小依次为:氮肥＞钾肥＞磷肥;氮、磷、钾肥对黄芪多糖含量的作用大小依次为:钾肥＞磷肥＞氮肥,其中钾肥为负效应,氮肥、磷肥为正效应。寻优结果表明,膜荚黄芪目标产量在6000～7000 kg/hm2之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为:N 66.85～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 64.64～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2;膜荚黄芪多糖含量在13%～14%之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为:N 66.85～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 64.64～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2;膜荚黄芪高产优质高效栽培优化施肥量为:N 99.52～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 94.20～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O的最佳比例为:1: 0.92～0.95:1.16～1.62。     

山西褐土长期施钾和秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和钾素平衡的影响

在山西石灰性褐土一年一作条件下,通过16年的田间定位试验,研究了长期施钾和秸秆还田对小麦产量和土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,只施用氮、磷肥,冬小麦年平均产量5.5 t/hm2,土壤钾素养分严重亏缺,年平均亏缺104.3 kg/hm2,与试验前的初始值比较,土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量分别下降23.6%和14.3%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上每年施用钾肥(K2O 150 kg/hm2),平均增产10.2%以上;小麦秸秆还田平均增产6.6%以上,二者配合平均增产17.6%,年平均吸钾量提高32.0 kg/hm2。与试验初始值比较,土壤速效钾、缓效钾分别提高38.6%和11.0%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上,长期施用钾肥和秸秆还田在显著增加冬小麦的经济产量、生物产量和吸钾量的同时,也减少年度间因气候因素等影响引起的产量变异,提高年度间产量和植物吸钾量的稳定性。     

Canola response to boron and nitrogen grown on the southeastern coastal plain 1

Canola has the potential for production in a doublecropping system in the southeastern Coastal Plain, but little information is known about its fertility reguirements when grown in this region. This two‐year field study was conducted to determine the effect of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) on canola growth and yield. Nine combinations of five N rates ranging from 45 to 225 kg/ha, with and without 1.68 kg B/ha, were evaluated at Blackville SC, on a Plinthic Paleudult. Canola plants receiving foliar B had a 6.5% higher yield than those receiving no B for the combined 1990 and 1991 data. Compared to plants which received no B, whole plant tissue analysis at beginning bloom detected a 50% higher B concentration for plants receiving B application 25 days earlier. Seed yield was affected by N rate both years, and there was a significant year by N interaction. In 1990 yields increased as the N rate increased, whereas in 1991 yields peaked at 135 kg/ha N and declined at higher N rates. These data suggest that, on a typical Coastal Plain soil, canola will respond to the application of foliar B, and requires approximately 135 kg N/ha.     

新疆石河子地区玉米产量及氮素平衡的施氮量阈值研究

【目的】合理施用氮肥不仅会提高肥料利用率,还会降低氮素面源污染的风险。通过2年田间肥料定位试验,研究北疆灰漠土区不同氮肥用量下,土壤无机氮积累量、 氮素平衡和玉米产量间的相互关系,为氮肥合理施用提供依据。【方法】研究采用肥料田间定位试验,小区试验于2011-2012年开展,设计6个氮肥（N）用量水平: 0、 225、 300、 375、 450、 600 kg/hm2,分别以N0、 N225、 N300、 N375、 N450、 N600表示,其中300 kg/hm2为当地玉米农田氮肥推荐用量,磷肥（P2O5）施用量为75 kg/hm2,钾肥（K2O）施用量为37.5 kg/hm2。【结果】 1）施用氮肥增加了土壤硝态氮和铵态氮残留量,硝态氮主要残留于060 cm土层,铵态氮主要分布在020 cm土层深度。2011年试验中,土壤无机氮残留量随氮肥用量增加而显著增加,与对照相比,施氮处理无机氮残留量增幅为12%~102%,与施氮量呈指数增长关系。2012年氮肥用量对土壤无机氮残留量的影响与2011年相似。2）施氮量 225 kg/hm2时,0100 cm土层深度土壤无机氮积累量降低,表现为负积累效应,N0和N225处理下2012年土壤无机氮积累量分别较2011年降低165%和170%; 施氮量高于 300 kg/hm2时,土壤无机氮积累量显著增加,表现为富集现象,其中,N375、 N450和N600处理下2012年土壤无机氮积累量分别较2011年增加17%、 388%、 170%。土壤无机氮积累量与施氮量显著呈二次抛物线关系,2011年回归方程为y=0.0001x2 + 0.1013x－22.537（R2 = 0.9288）,无机氮无积累时施氮量为187 kg/hm2; 2012年为 y = 0.0003x2 + 0.1417x - 52.78（R2 = 0.9583）,无机氮无积累时施氮量为245 kg/hm2。土壤氮素表观损失量和氮素盈余量的增加幅度随氮肥用量增加而显著加大。3）氮肥投入可提高玉米产量,产量与施氮量呈显著的二次抛物线或线性加平台的关系,施氮量高于300 kg/hm2时,玉米产量与最高产量差异不显著; 产量与无机氮积累量呈二次抛物线形关系,当土壤无机氮达到平衡时,玉米产量显著低于最高产量,当玉米产量达到最大时,土壤无机氮有一定积累。氮肥利用率则随氮肥用量增加呈指数关系显著降低。施氮量270 kg/hm2为产量与氮肥利用率的交点,施氮量340 kg/hm2 是土壤无机氮残留量与氮肥利用率的交点。【结论】利用产量效应、 环境效应与肥料效应函数的交点确定氮肥投入阈值,是较为优化的方法。合理的氮肥投入不仅能获得玉米高产,降低氮素面源污染风险,还能获得较高的氮肥利用率。因此,施氮量260340 kg/hm2为本研究区玉米高产与环境友好的氮肥投入阈值。