Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers

It has been proposed that hydrogen produced from basalt-ground-water interactions may serve as an energy source that supports the existence of microorganisms in the deep subsurface on Earth and possibly on other planets. However, experiments demonstrated that hydrogen is not produced from basalt at an environmentally relevant, alkaline pH. Small amounts of hydrogen were produced at a lower pH in laboratory incubations, but even this hydrogen production was transitory. Furthermore, geochemical considerations suggest that previously reported rates of hydrogen production cannot be sustained over geologically significant time frames. These findings indicate that hydrogen production from basalt-ground-water interactions may not support microbial metabolism in the subsurface.     

森林生态系统空心树研究进展

空心树是森林生态系统的一个重要结构,它在生物多样性保育方面发挥着重要作用,对于巢居动物显得更为关键。综合阐述了近年来空心树生态学研究进展,首先解释了空心树的界定和类型划分,分析了森林生态系统中生物因子、非生物因子和树木自生特性对空心树形成的作用,其次概述了空心树和树洞的丰富度与分配格局影响因素,最后分析了空心树对森林生态系统生物多样性保护的作用。参47     

Climate impact on plankton ecosystems in the Northeast Atlantic

It is now widely accepted that global warming is occurring, yet its effects on the world's largest ecosystem, the marine pelagic realm, are largely unknown. We show that sea surface warming in the Northeast Atlantic is accompanied by increasing phytoplankton abundance in cooler regions and decreasing phytoplankton abundance in warmer regions. This impact propagates up the food web (bottom-up control) through copepod herbivores to zooplankton carnivores because of tight trophic coupling. Future warming is therefore likely to alter the spatial distribution of primary and secondary pelagic production, affecting ecosystem services and placing additional stress on already-depleted fish and mammal populations.     

农区畜牧农业生态系统分析研究初报

在实践基础上提出了农区畜牧农业生态系统,并以河南省汝州市研究典型,分析其生态、经济和社会效益,为进一步优化系统结构,强化系统管理,提高系统生产力水平提供依据。