共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
William H. Friedland 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):197-201
The reaction to conventional agriculture and food systems has generated a host of alternative social movements in the past
several decades. Many progressive agrifood researchers have researched these movements, exploring their strengths, weaknesses,
and failures. Most such research is abstracted from the movements themselves. This paper proposes a new way of self-organization
that, while fulfilling traditional university demands on researchers, will provide research support for progressive agrifood
movements by transcending the boundaries of disciplines and individual universities.
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
William H. FriedlandEmail: |
William H. Friedland is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz where his research continues on commodity systems, wine and grapes, the globalization of agriculture and food, and exploring ways to strengthen alternative social movements to subvert the dominant paradigm. 相似文献
2.
Jill Harrison 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):163-167
I use the case of pesticide drift to discuss the neoliberal shift in agrifood activism and its implications for public health
and social justice. I argue that the benefits of this shift have been achieved at the cost of privileging certain bodies and
spaces over others and absolving the state of its responsibility to ensure the conditions of social justice. I use this critical
intervention as a means of introducing several opportunities for strengthening agrifood research and advocacy. First, I call
for increased critical attention to production agriculture and the regulatory arena. Second, I call for increased attention
to ‘social justice’ within the food system, emphasizing the need to rekindle research on the immigrant farm labor force.
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
Jill HarrisonEmail: |
Jill Harrison has a PhD in Environmental Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and faculty affiliate of the Program on Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on environmental justice, immigration politics, and agrifood studies. 相似文献
3.
Douglas H. Constance 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):151-155
I provide an historical overview of the development of the Sociology of Agriculture as a critical response to perceived inadequacies
of conservative theories of social change regarding rural society in general, and agriculture in particular. I do this by
focusing on the three questions that have dominated the discourse on agrifood studies: “The Agrarian Question,” “The Environment
Question,” and “The Food Question.” I analyze the success and constraints of selected alternative agrifood initiatives in
relation to the three questions and introduce a fourth, the Emancipatory Question. I conclude that agrifood social scientists
need to embrace a praxis orientation to agrifood studies and participate in social movements designed to create a more socially
just alternative agrifood system.
相似文献
Douglas H. ConstanceEmail: |
4.
Patricia Allen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):157-161
Despite much popular interest in food issues, there remains a lack of social justice in the American agrifood system, as evidenced
by prevalent hunger and obesity in low-income populations and exploitation of farmworkers. While many consumers and alternative
agrifood organizations express interest in and support social justice goals, the incorporation of these goals into on-the-ground
alternatives is often tenuous. Academics have an important role in calling out social justice issues and developing the critical
thinking skills that can redress inequality in the agrifood system. Academics can challenge ideological categories of inquiry
and problem definition, include justice factors in defining research problems, and develop participatory, problem-solving
research within social justice movements. In addition, scholars can educate students about the power of epistemologies, discourse,
and ideology, thereby expanding the limits and boundaries of what is possible in transforming the agrifood system. In these
ways, the academy can be a key player in the creation of a diverse agrifood movement that embraces the discourse of social
justice.
相似文献
Patricia AllenEmail: |
5.
David M. Holt 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):169-171
I examine the risks and opportunities associated with social movement coalition building in attempts to block or curtail the
rise of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the United States. As producers have scaled up animal production
facilities, environmentalists and animal rights activists, along with numerous other social actors, have begun anti-CAFO campaigns.
I argue that while the CAFO has mobilized a diverse group of social actors, these individuals and organizations do not all
have the same interests (aside from resistance to CAFOs), leading to some unlikely allies. These odd alliances provide opportunities
for agrifood scholars to study the relationship between the coalitions that social movement organizations form and the support
they receive from their respective constituencies. Lastly, I argue that the need for agrifood scholars to address the pitfalls
associated with single-issue coalition building extends beyond the unlikely alliance between environmentalists and animal
rights activists, as agrifood related crises have led to a proliferation of such coalitions.
相似文献
David M. HoltEmail: |
6.
C. Clare Hinrichs 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):209-213
Despite its vigor, agrifood studies research faces two fault lines: the durability of disciplines, and challenges in engaging
non-academic stakeholders. In this essay, I use the concept of boundary work from social studies of science and technology
to reflect on the challenges and opportunities for more engaged interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. I draw on
recent field visits to several “sustainable food chain” research projects funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme
(RELU), an innovative interdisciplinary research initiative of the UK Research Councils, to highlight the contradictory nature
of boundary work in interdisciplinary research. Involving efforts both to bridge interfaces and to separate, exclude and manage
other disciplines or stakeholders, boundary work is inherent to interdisciplinarity. Innovations in the organizational culture
of projects and in the larger structural context for research can multiply the more generative potential of boundary work,
and also yield more and better interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies.
相似文献
C. Clare HinrichsEmail: |
7.
Diana Stuart 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):177-181
I explore the role of nature in the agrifood system and how attempts to fit food production into a large-scale manufacturing
model has lead to widespread outbreaks of food borne illness. I illustrate how industrial processing of leafy greens is related
to the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with spinach in the fall of 2006. I also use this example to show how industry attempts to create the
illusion of control while failing to address weaknesses in current processing systems. The leafy greens industry has focused
efforts on sterilizing the growing environment and adopting new technologies, while neglecting to change the concentrated
structure of processing systems. Repeated breakdowns in these systems illustrate a widening fault line between attempted and
failed control of nature in industrial food production.
相似文献
Diana StuartEmail: |
8.
Dustin R. Mulvaney 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):173-176
This paper describes a role for rural sociology in linking agrifood system vulnerabilities to opportunities for encouraging
sustainability and social justice. I argue that the California rice industry is particularly vulnerable for two reasons. First,
a quarter of rice growers’ revenues derive from production-based subsidies that have been recently deemed illegal by the World
Trade Organization. Second, about half of California’s rice sales depend on volatile export markets, which are susceptible
to periodic market access disruptions. Such vulnerabilities present political opportunities to reconfigure the connection
between production and consumption. By exploring how production subsidies could be transformed into multifunctionality payments,
and investigating new regional markets, rural sociology can contribute to discussions about how to encourage a more sustainable
and socially just California rice industry. My discussion aims to prompt rural sociologists to explore similar questions in
comparable agrifood systems.
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
Dustin R. MulvaneyEmail: |
Dustin R. Mulvaney has a Ph.D. from the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He continues to work there as a post-doctoral researcher and College Eight “Environment and Society” Fellow. His research focuses on the politics of genetic engineering governance, sustainable aquaculture certification, and the social implications of consumption-production linkages. 相似文献
9.
Michelle R. Worosz Andrew J. Knight Craig K. Harris 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):187-191
We use the case of red meat food safety to illustrate the need to problematize policy. Overtime, there have been numerous
red meat scandals and scares. We show that the statutes and regulations that arose out of these events provided the industry
with a means of demonstrating safety, facilitating large-scale trade, legitimizing conventional production, and limiting interference
into its practices. They also created systemic fragility, as evidenced by many recent events, and hindered the development
of an alternative, small-scale sector. Thus, the accumulated rules help to structure the sector, create superficial resilience,
and are used in place of an actual policy governing safety. We call for rigorous attention to not only food safety, but also
the role and effect of agrifood statutes and regulations in general, and engagement in policy more broadly.
Michelle Worosz has a PhD in Sociology from Michigan State University. She is Assistant Professor with the Food Safety Policy Center and affiliated with the Institute for Food Laws and Regulations, both of which are at Michigan State University. Her research focuses on agrifood studies including sustainability, food safety, and governance. Andrew Knight earned his PhD in Rural Sociology from The Pennsylvania State University. He is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor in Sociology at Susquehanna University and affiliated with the Food Safety Policy Center at Michigan State University. His research focuses on agricultural systems, environmental issues, public policy, and risk perception. Craig Harris has a PhD in Sociology from the University of Michigan. He is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at Michigan State University, where he is also appointed in the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, one of the principals in the Food Safety Policy Center, and one of the founding members of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards. His research focuses on food safety policy, fisheries management, and the coevolution of agriculture and society. 相似文献
Michelle R. WoroszEmail: |
Michelle Worosz has a PhD in Sociology from Michigan State University. She is Assistant Professor with the Food Safety Policy Center and affiliated with the Institute for Food Laws and Regulations, both of which are at Michigan State University. Her research focuses on agrifood studies including sustainability, food safety, and governance. Andrew Knight earned his PhD in Rural Sociology from The Pennsylvania State University. He is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor in Sociology at Susquehanna University and affiliated with the Food Safety Policy Center at Michigan State University. His research focuses on agricultural systems, environmental issues, public policy, and risk perception. Craig Harris has a PhD in Sociology from the University of Michigan. He is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at Michigan State University, where he is also appointed in the National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, one of the principals in the Food Safety Policy Center, and one of the founding members of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards. His research focuses on food safety policy, fisheries management, and the coevolution of agriculture and society. 相似文献
10.
Stefan Mann 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):435-443
A theoretical model for farm succession is developed in which identity-related variables such as preferences for working autonomously
or with animals influence occupational choice at the outset of the process, while environmental factors such as farm size
and income prospects gain in importance during the latter stages of succession. A survey of 14-to-34-year-old potential farm
successors in Switzerland is carried out to test the model. While female respondents focus on identity-related factors when
making occupational choices, the model can be verified for several influencing variables for male successors, such as continuing
the family tradition and the potential conversion of farmland to building land. For both men and women, the prospect of working
alongside their parents is an important factor in the decision to take over the family farm.
相似文献
Stefan MannEmail: |
11.
Steven A. Wolf 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):203-207
Professionalization of farmers and rural entrepreneurs is identified as a potential resource to advance transition to multifunctional
landscapes and territorial development. Drawing on interactive conceptions of knowledge creation and technical change, I argue
that collective structures that support pooling of experiential knowledge can complement public and private sector engagement
in innovation systems. Through exercise of leadership in advancing integration of farming into regional development and in
integrating ecological and social concerns into agriculture, farmers can forge a professional identity and broker a new social
contract entitling them to renewal of their political and economic status.
相似文献
Steven A. WolfEmail: |
12.
Matthew J. Mariola 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):193-196
Local food has become the rising star of the sustainable agriculture movement, in part because of the energy efficiencies
thought to be gained when food travels shorter distances. In this essay I critique four key assumptions that underlie this
connection between local foods and energy. I then describe two competing conclusions implied by the critique. On the one hand,
local food systems may need a more extensive and integrated transportation infrastructure to achieve sustainability. On the
other hand, the production, transportation, and consumption of local foods are fundamentally as reliant on fossil fuels as
are long distance foods. A more holistic approach to energy use in the food system is needed to determine which particular
sociotechnical factors optimize energetic sustainability.
相似文献
Matthew J. MariolaEmail: |
13.
We examine changing production relations in the Mexican tequila industry to explore the ways in which large industrial firms
are using “reverse leasing arrangements,” a form of contract farming, to extend their control over small agave farmers. Under
these arrangements, smallholders rent their parcels to contracting companies who bring in capital, machinery, labor, and other
agricultural inputs. Smallholders do not have access to their land, nor do they make any of the management decisions. We analyze
the factors that have led some producers to participate in reverse leasing arrangements, while allowing other producers to
continue farming independently. In addition, we look at the ways in which farmers are responding to these new production relations
and constraints and the strategies that they are using to regain control over the production process.
相似文献
Sarah BowenEmail: |
14.
Samuel Adjei-Nsiah Cees Leeuwis Ken E. Giller Thom W. Kuyper 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):389-403
This study reports on action research efforts that were aimed at developing institutional arrangements beneficial for soil
fertility improvement. Three stages of action research are described and analyzed. We initially began by bringing stakeholders
together in a platform to engage in a collaborative design of new arrangements. However, this effort was stymied mainly because
conditions conducive for learning and negotiation were lacking. We then proceeded to support experimentation with alternative
arrangements initiated by individual landowners and migrant farmers. The implementation of these arrangements too ran into
difficulties due to intra-family dynamics and ambiguities regarding land tenure. Further investigations to find out how ambiguities
could be tackled revealed that the local actors themselves had taken initiatives towards developing institutional innovations
to reduce ambiguities. However, there is still considerable scope for further development of these self-organized innovations.
The article ends with a reflection on inter-disciplinary action research, where it is argued that making “mistakes” is an
inherent and necessary characteristic in action research that aims to address complex social issues.
相似文献
Samuel Adjei-NsiahEmail: |
15.
Lawrence Busch 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):215-218
The advent of the new nanotechnologies has been heralded by government, media, and many in the scientific community as the
next big thing. Within the agricultural sector research is underway on a wide variety of products ranging from distributed
intelligence in orchards, to radio frequency identification devices, to animal diagnostics, to nanofiltered food products.
But the nano-revolution (if indeed there is a revolution at all) appears to be taking a turn quite different from the biotechnology
revolution of two decades ago. Grappling with these issues will require abandoning both the exuberance of diffusion theory
and ex post facto criticism of new technologies as well in favor of a more nuanced and proactive view that cross the fault
line between the social and natural sciences.
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献
Lawrence BuschEmail: |
Lawrence Busch has a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University. He is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards at Michigan State University. His research focuses on how standards shape social life. 相似文献
16.
Sandra Sattler Weber 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):425-434
An ethnographic case study of five rural farmwomen in Cedar County, Nebraska, was conducted to contribute to the understudied
area of rural entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurs. This naturalistic inquiry into the lived experiences of five women
provides an exceptional view of the founding of a new microenterprise, the St. James Marketplace, a farmer-to-customer market
in an agricultural setting. The study considered factors identified from previous research on entrepreneurship in both urban
and rural settings. It connected the formation of this microenterprise to the history, culture, values, and economic situation
that motivated the founders’ entrepreneurial behavior. A social embeddedness perspective was employed in the analysis. Negative
forces from the macroenvironment, such as the closing of the local church parish and declining economic conditions for farming,
influenced the creation of the venture. However, the most important motivation was to sustain community. This study satisfies
a need for in-depth inquiry into rural entrepreneurship, rural communities, and rural farmwomen entrepreneurs.
相似文献
Sandra Sattler WeberEmail: |
17.
This paper examines the increasingly popular chisan-chisho movement that has promoted the localization of food consumption in Japan since the late-1990s. Chisan-chisho emerged in the
context of a perceived crisis in the Japanese food system, particularly the long-term decline of agriculture and rural community
and more recent episodes of food scandals. Although initially started as a grassroots movement, many chisan-chisho initiatives
are now organized by governments and farmers’ cooperatives. Acknowledging that the chisan-chisho movement has added some important
resources and a conceptual framework, we nonetheless point out that chisan-chisho has been refashioned as a producer movement
by government as well as the Japan Agricultural Cooperative, capitalizing on local food’s marketing appeal. Chisan-chisho
to date has not been able to become a full-fledged citizen-based political mobilization nor address the issue of marginality
in the food system.
相似文献
Aya Hirata KimuraEmail: |
18.
Alison Hope Alkon 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):487-498
Advocates of environmental sustainability and social justice increasingly pursue their goals through the promotion of so-called
“green” products such as locally grown organic produce. While many scholars support this strategy, others criticize it harshly,
arguing that environmental degradation and social injustice are inherent results of capitalism and that positive social change
must be achieved through collective action. This study draws upon 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at two farmers markets
located in demographically different parts of the San Francisco Bay Area to examine how market managers, vendors, and regular
customers negotiate tensions between their economic strategies and environmental sustainability and social justice goals.
Managers, vendors, and customers emphasize the ethical rather than financial motivations of their markets through comparisons
to capitalist, industrial agriculture and through attention to perceived economic sacrifices made by market vendors. They
also portray economic strategies as a pragmatic choice, pointing to failed efforts to achieve justice and sustainability through
policy change as well as difficulties funding and sustaining non-profit organizations. While market managers, vendors, and
customers deny any difficulties pursuing justice and sustainability through local economics, the need for vendors to sustain
their livelihoods does sometimes interfere with their social justice goals. This has consequences for the function of each
market.
Alison Hope Alkon is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. Her research examines how efforts to create environmental protection and social justice operate in a market context. 相似文献
Alison Hope AlkonEmail: |
Alison Hope Alkon is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Davis. Her research examines how efforts to create environmental protection and social justice operate in a market context. 相似文献
19.
Ronald Rich 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(1):79-93
Ethnographically, “fecal free” is a lexical marker that invokes a form of industrialized swine husbandry used in large-scale
confinement hog production. Using participant observation and interview research with Illinois contract hog producers, I explore
the basis of this husbandry in the biological fragility of confinement hogs. Rather than biology being a simplistic “state
of nature,” as it was in early neo-Marxist and populist studies of the 1970s, the frailty of confinement hogs suggests that
industrial hog biology is a socially constructed state that justifies the use of contract-based hog production units and their
coordination with animal processors. The frailty of confinement hogs results from their genetic characteristics, from the
conditions in which they are raised, and from a production rationality that equates animal health with production efficiency.
I detail the multiple-site methods, confinement technologies, and contract-based production organization required to raise
biologically fragile hogs. And I link hog biology directly to the unequal contract-based relations between actors in industrial
pork networks. My study emphasizes the relevance of ethnographic analyses within a political economy of agriculture by describing
specific relations of inequalities in local and regional production units and distribution networks that form the building
blocks of larger global agro-food systems.
相似文献
Ronald RichEmail: |
20.
Keiko Tanaka 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):567-580
Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between
science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals
in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate
focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,”
“objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,”
and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new
expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food
system based on trust.
相似文献
Keiko TanakaEmail: |