木豆不同生长期叶片总黄酮含量研究

为提高木豆叶利用价值,科学合理开发利用木豆叶资源,测试了131份木豆品种现花期木豆叶总黄酮含量及研究不同采收期木豆叶黄酮含量的动态变化规律。通过测定不同生长期木豆叶总黄酮的含量,得知从播种后75天至结荚期,木豆叶总黄酮含量随生长时间的延长而不断增加,呈现明显的累积现象,结荚期的总黄酮含量最高。若以黄酮类化合物作为评价木豆叶药材质量的指标性成分,则可确定黄酮含量高的木豆资源及木豆叶的最佳采收期,此结果为木豆叶的质量评价、选材和采收期的确定提供一定的理论参考。     

多年生木豆树考察研究初报

本文对多年生木豆树的分布区域、生态特点、形态特征、品质特性、植物学分类等方面进行了初步考察与研究,认为多年生木豆树是一种极有开发价值的食用豆种质资源。     

木豆种质资源遗传多样性的分析

为探讨木豆的遗传多样性,应用RAPD技术对15个木豆（Pigeonpea）种质资源进行了分析。从大量的引物中筛选出了27个多态性较高的随机引物,共扩增出176条带,其中多态带为104条（占56.24%）。对这些引物的扩增带谱进行数据转化后,通过SPSS13.0软件对15个木豆种质资源进行聚类分析,根据聚类结果可将15个木豆种质资源分为6大类。同时,对田间种植的15个木豆种质资源进行生物学性状的观察记载。经过比较分析可以看出,从DNA水平上对木豆种质资源的聚类结果与其生态类型以及生物学性状之间具有较高的吻合度。本试验结果为开发利用木豆种质中的有利遗传资源提供了参考资料。     

木豆杂种优势利用研究进展

自1974年发现木豆雄性不育株以来,国际上不断对木豆核雄性不育(GMS)和核质互作雄性不育(CGMS)基因及其种质资源进行研究和挖掘,最终实现了木豆杂种优势的成功利用。本文系统总结了过去30多年来,国际上木豆杂种优势机理、表现及授粉方式等基础研究,GMS、CGMS不育系及其配套制种体系研究,杂种优势强度研究,以及木豆杂交种生产技术研究进展。提出了木豆杂种优势利用的具体研究方向和展望。     

科技大世界

中美科学家破译木豆基因美科学家成功破译被称为"穷人的肉"的木豆基因,这一成果将有助于改善干旱地区农民生活。由国际半干旱地区热带作物研究所主导,深圳华大基因研究院、美国乔治亚大学、美国加州大学戴维斯分校、美国冷泉港实验室、美国国家基因组资源中心等单位共同合作完成的木     

木豆的开花结荚特性研究

在不同生长条件下种植木豆雄性不育系和保持系,开花结荚期分别观察它们的开花数和结荚数,同时计算结荚率.通过分析表明,木豆为常异花授粉作物,天然异交率为21.2%,主要传粉媒介为昆虫,风媒介对其几乎没有影响.这一特性有利于木豆的遗传改良和杂交种的培育.通过放养蜜蜂等途径提高木豆天然异交率,可省去人工授粉,增加木豆结荚率,提高木豆杂交种产量.防虫网隔离可生产纯合的木豆种子,并可以提高开花数和结荚数.     

木豆遗传资源及分子利用策略

介绍了世界木豆发源及种植概况、木豆作物的一些生物学特性及生长习性,列举了如遗传多样性、抗性等一些较独特的遗传资源,并讨论了木豆的分子利用策略.     

木豆优质高产配套栽培技术

木豆粗生易长、生长迅速、抗旱耐瘠、耐粗放管理．适宜在贵州亚热带地区海拔1000m以下、年均温17℃以上、年有效积温5500℃以上。无霜或少霜的地区进行栽培和推广利用。木豆株高一般2～3m、冠径1．5～2m、枝繁叶茂，当年种植、当年开花结实，一年采收2～3次，累计产量150kg/667m^2以上，具有较好的社会经济效益和生态效益。     

木豆遗传资源及分子利用策略

介绍了世界木豆发源及种植概况、木豆作物的一些生物学特性及生长习性，列举了如遗传多样性、抗性等一些较独特的遗传资源，并讨论了木豆的分子利用策略。     

阿克苏地区棉铃虫不同寄主种群的RAPD分析

本文利用RAPD技术,选择了23条引物,对生活在鹰嘴豆、木豆、玉米、高粱、棉花等5种植物上的棉铃虫进行了寄主种群遗传分化的研究。试验共得到条带1 117条,棉铃虫各寄主种群与棉花种群间的遗传距离分别为:玉米为0.350 6;木豆为0.401 5;高粱为0.451 9;鹰嘴豆为0.514 8。各寄主种群上的棉铃虫存在明显的遗传分化,玉米、木豆是转基因棉田较理想的庇护所植物。     

Estimation of Nitrogen Fixation by the Natural 15N-abundance Technique and Nitrogen Uptake by Pigeonpea Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups grown in an Inceptisol1

The modulation, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen uptake of four pigeonpea genotypes belonging to extra short duration, short duration and long duration maturity groups grown on an Inceptisol were studied to examine why, despite the poor nodulation of pigeonpea in this soil, it still produces greater yields, than in Alfisols and Vertisols. The percentage nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) was estimated by ¹⁵N natural abundance and N-difference methods using a long duration sorghum as the non-fixing reference crop. In general, nodulation of pigeonpea in the Inceptisol was much lower than that reported in Alfisols and Vertisols. The above-ground dry matter ringed from 3.1 to 17.1 t ha^?1 while the N uptake ranged from 62.3 to 215 kg ha^?1 The fallen plant parrs of pigeonpea genotypes ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 t ha^?1 and their N contents ranged from 25 to 84 kg ha^?1. The estimates of percentage Ndfa obtained by the two methods were different. Those obtained by the ¹⁵N natural abundance appeared more appropriate as the δ¹⁵N of sorghum harvested along with short duration pigeonpea and later when it was mature did not change significantly. The extra short duration pigeonpea genotype ICPL 84023 contained very little N from atmospheric N₂, while the short duration pigeonpea cv. ICPL 151 had 17% Ndfa and the long duration genotypes. ICPL 366 and T7 had up to 36 % Ndfa. It can be concluded that one of the causes of high yields of pigeonpea on Inceptisols compared to Alfisols and Vertisols despite poor nodulation could be the high N supplying capacity of these Inceptisols. Strategies have been suggested as to how pigeonpea genotypes grown in Inceptisols could improve their nodulation and nitrogen fixation and thus better contribute to a sustainable agriculture.     

Maternal inheritance of male sterility in the progeny of a natural hybrid between Cajanus lineatus and C. cajan

Adoption of pigeonpea hybrids in central and southern India is showing high impact with on‐farm yield advantages of >30%. The hybrid pigeonpea technology, the first in any legume crop, is based on a cytoplasmic‐nuclear male‐sterility (CMS) system. For a long‐term sustainability of hybrid programme, it is imperative that both nuclear diversity and cytoplasmic diversity are maintained among hybrid parents. In this context, a continuous search for new CMS‐inducing cytoplasms is necessary. This paper reports detection of maternal inheritance of male sterility in the progeny derived from a natural hybrid between a wild relative [Cajanus lineatus (W. & A.) Maesen comb. nov.] of pigeonpea and an unknown pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotype. In the present study, the male sterility was maintained up to BC₇F₁ generation by an advanced breeding pigeonpea line ICPL 99044. This male sterility inducing cytoplasm of C. lineatus was tagged as A₆. In future, this CMS genetic stock can be used to develop a range of new pigeonpea hybrids with high yield and adaptation.     

木豆种质资源AFLP标记遗传多样性分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,以木豆野生种(Cajanus scarabaeiodes)为对照,对来自印度、中国、非洲和美洲的139份栽培木豆(Cajanus cajan)种质遗传多样性进行研究。17对引物共扩增出502条清晰可辨的带,其中多态性带494条。遗传相似性系数UPGMA聚类图,揭示木豆种内存在足够的遗传多样性,可用于种质资源的准确鉴别与分类。借助遗传距离的ME进化树又将参试种质分成8个组群。分析结果表明,印度地方资源遗传多样性广泛,育成品种遗传基础广阔;非洲、美洲资源遗传多样性较丰富,且与印度资源的亲缘关系较密切。中国地方资源遗传多样性独特,且与印度、非洲、美洲栽培木豆资源亲缘关系不明显。研究结果基本支持印度木豆起源和多样性中心、非洲次生多样性中心的观点,并提出中国次生起源中心和遗传多样性中心假说。研究还发现,木豆核质互作雄性不育系(A)和保持系(B)间存在独特的AFLP谱带差异,可能有助于分子标记辅助的木豆杂种优势利用和杂交种培育。     

Effects of Population on Physiological Growth Parameters of Pigeonpea Genotypes in Sole and Intercropped Stand with Sorghum CO 22

A field experiment was conducted during khariff 1984 in sandy clay loam soil under irrigated condition at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with a view (i) to find out the possibility of introducing short duration dwarf variety of sorghum CO 22 as an intercrop with pigeonpea genotypes, (ii) to study the effect of different plant population levels and intercropping of sorghum CO 22 on pigeonpea genotypes, and (iii) to find out compatible pigeonpea genotypes and plant population level for pigeonpea based intercropping system with sorghum CO 22.
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22.     

Natural out-crossing in dwarf pigeonpea

Summary Natural out-crossing rate in pigeonpea was studied at ICRISAT Center using plant stature (tall plants in dwarf progenies) as the genetic marker. The data indicated natural out-crossing rates of 9.7% to 24.1% with a pooled value of 13.1% in the six populations studied. These data were comparable to earlier studies at the same site using stem colour and growth habit as genetic markers in tall pigeonpea cultivars thus suggesting that foraging of insect pollination vectors is not influenced by plant type. The implications of natural out-crossing on breeding and maintenance of genetic purity of cultivars is discussed.     

超级杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号的生物学特性

Ⅱ优航1号是应用航天育种方法育成的超级杂交水稻新组合。2003—2005三年推广面积为26.67万hm2，累计增产粮食1.2亿kg。该组合具有产量潜力高、米质较优、苗期耐寒性较好、抽穗期耐高温、穗大粒多、结实率高、适应性广、再生力强等特点。2004年通过福建省品种审定，2005年通过全国品种审定和广西区品种审定，被农业部列为全国重点示范推广的超级稻组合之一，还被福建省农业厅列为重点示范推广超级杂交稻组合。着重介绍Ⅱ优航1号的推广应用，主要植物学特征与产量结构，同时也介绍了它在各级区域试验、生产试验、6.67、66.67、666.67hm2高产示范片的产量表现和抗性、品质特性。     

Pigeonpea breeding in eastern and southern Africa: challenges and opportunities

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) is an important multipurpose grain legume crop primarily grown in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In Africa, the crop is grown for several purposes including food security, income generation, livestock feed and in agroforestry. Production in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) is however faced with many challenges including limited use of high‐yielding cultivars, diseases and pests, drought, under‐investment in research and lack of scientific expertise. The aim of this review is to highlight the challenges facing pigeonpea breeding research in ESA and the existing opportunities for improving the overall pigeonpea subsector in the region. We discuss the potential of the recently available pigeonpea genomic resources for accelerated molecular breeding, the prospects for conventional breeding and commercial hybrid pigeonpea, and the relevant seed policies, among others, which are viewed as opportunities to enhance pigeonpea productivity.     

Chromosome 1D as a possible location of a gene (s) controlling variation between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties for carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) under water-stress conditions

Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) in pigeonpea has been reported when some wild relatives of pigeonpea were crossed as the female parent with cultivated types as the male parent. In this paper we report a new source of CMS developed by using the cultivated pigeonpea as the female parent and one of its wild relative Cajanus acutifolius as the pollen donor. This is the first report in pigeonpea where CMS has been developed using the cytoplasm of cultivated pigeonpea. Several pure line cultivars of pigeonpea restored pollen fertility whereas cv. HPL 24 partially maintained male-sterility. The wild species C. acutifolius used as one of the parents, maintained complete sterility. Cytological analysis revealed that both in male-sterile as well as the fertile floral buds, meiosis proceeded normally till the tetrad stage. However in the male-sterile genotypes during the formation of tetrads, the pollen mother cell (PMC) wall did not dissolve to release the tetrads unlike in the fertile genotypes and this major event was found to be responsible for male-sterility.