中国森林植被净生产量及平均生产力动态变化分析

根据1973—2008年间7次全国森林资源清查数据及中国森林植被分布特征,从不同森林类型和不同气候带定量分析中国森林植被净生产量及平均生产力动态变化规律。研究结果表明:中国森林植被净生产量和平均生产力总体呈增加趋势,植被净生产量由1973—1976年间的803.359×106t·a-1增加到2004—2008年间的1 478.425×106t·a-1,增加了84.03%;相应的森林植被平均生产力由7.302 t·hm-2·a-1增加到9.502 t·hm-2·a-1,增加了30.13%。不同森林类型中,阔叶混交林、杨桦林、落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林对中国森林植被净生产量贡献较大;热带林、阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林平均生产力较高,油松林和马尾松林平均生产力相对较低。不同气候带中,热带地区森林植被净生产量呈波动中减少趋势,其它气候带呈增加趋势;1973—2008年间各气候带森林植被平均生产力为:热带(18.625 t·hm-2·a-1)寒温带温带(9.610 t·hm-2·a-1)亚热带(8.499 t·hm-2·a-1)暖温带(7.800 t·hm-2·a-1)。     

吉林市森林固碳释氧生态效益评价

以吉林市现有森林资源面积和各林龄组面积、蓄积为基础数据,按国家林业行业标准规定的方法,测算森林年净生产力、固碳量与释氧量和货币价值量.结果表明:森林净生产力为1 822 783.3 t·a-1,固碳量为2 835 277.2 t·a-1,释氧量为2 168 711.2 t·a-1;固碳价值为34.02亿元·a-1,释氧...     

东北地区森林植被生产力遥感定量估测

以辽宁、吉林和黑龙江3省为研究区,引入一种过程模型(Forest-BGPG),以2003年1 km的MODIS影像为遥感数据,估测森林植被净第一性生产力(NPP)。结果表明:2003年森林植被NPP为3.7 MgC/hm2,其中,常绿针叶林4.1 mgC/hm2、落叶阔叶林4.0 mgC/hm2、常绿阔叶林3.8 mgC/hm2、针阔混交林3.9 mgC/hm2和落叶针叶林3.5 mgC/hm2;辽宁东部及长白山地区森林植被NPP超过6.3mg C/hm2,大兴安岭地区不足3.2 mgC/hm2,区域时空分布格局明显。通过与国内现有研究结果和2003年全球陆地植被NPP产品对比分析,表明估测结果准确反映了森林植被现实生长过程,Forest-BGPG为区域尺度森林植被NPP和碳储量动态监测提供了连续的测量手段。     

气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响Ⅱ．中国森林第一性生产力的摸拟*

在中国森林第一性生产力地理分布规律研究的基础上，根据生产力与气候环境变量间的相关关系，筛选有代表性的生产力数据和与其相应的气象资料，构建了中国森林生产力气候模型，模拟出中国森林第一性生产力的分布格局，借助气候环境信息制图软件，绘制了中国森林生产力图。     

气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响Ⅱ．中国森林第一性生产力的摸拟

在中国森林第一性生产力地理分布规律研究的基础上，根据生产力与气候环境变量间的相关关系，筛选有代表性的生产力数据和与其相应的气象资料，构建了中国森林生产力气候模型，模拟出中国森林第一性生产力的分布格局；借助气候环境信息制图软件，绘制了中国森林生产力图。     

湖州市森林植被净初级生产力研究

基于30 m分辨率的2018年Landsat数据、气象数据和森林资源年度监测小班数据等资料,考虑最大光能利用率在不同森林类型中的差异,采用CASA模型对浙江省湖州市的森林植被净初级生产力(NPP)进行估算,分析其空间分布特征,对估算结果进行精度检验,并与其他学者的NPP测算值进行结果对比.结果表明:(1)湖州市森林植被...     

县域植被净第一性生产力遥感估算模型及应用

植被净第一性生产力是评价地表植被状况的重要指标之一,对分析和评价全球和区域生态环境、碳循环等变化具有重要作用。该研究借助CASA模型机理以及气象学方法,建立县级区域净第一性生产力（NPP）遥感估算模型,并以房山区为应用案例,分析了北京市郊区1992年、2001年、2004年3年间8月份净第一性生产力的变化。分析结果表明,研究区3年间8月份的NPP分别为152.01g·m^-2·mon^-1、142．83g·m^-2·mon^-1、96．32g·m^-2·mon^-1;单位面积上的NPP年际间的变化主要受降雨量的影响,而区域NPP总量年际间的变化则要受降雨量和土地利用方式等因素共同影响。本模型估算结果与前人研究结果基本一致,可以利用本模型估算县域NPP。     

基于森林资源清查资料的森林植被净生产量及其动态变化研究

根据我国不同森林类型共1 266个样地的生物量、生产力和蓄积量资料,建立中国主要森林类型生物量与蓄积量、生物量与群落生长量和年凋落量之间的函数关系,并利用1973-2003年间中国6次森林资源清查资料,研究中国森林植被净生产量及其动态变化。研究结果表明:1999-2003年间中国森林植被净生产量为1 360.64×106t/a,平均生产力为9.53 t/(hm2.a),植被净生产量构成以幼龄林和中龄林为主且存在较大的区域差异,东北和西南地区植被净生产量较高;其它地区植被净生产量相对较小。近30年中国森林植被净生产量由第一次森林资源清查时的790.13×106t/a增加到1999-2003年间的1 360.64×106t/a,20世纪70年代末期,中国森林植被净生产量较低,之后开始逐步增加;中国森林植被平均生产力的变化与净生长量的变化不同,20世纪70年代末期,中国森林植被平均生产力较高,而后开始下降,直到90年代末之后才开始恢复增长。     

昼夜不对称增温对大兴安岭森林净初级生产力的影响

【目的】大兴安岭森林分布广袤,是我国东北地区重要的林木基地和生态屏障。本研究旨在探讨昼夜不对称增温背景下大兴安岭森林净初级生产力(NPP)的变化及其对气候变化的响应,为当地林业生态管理提供科学依据。【方法】利用MODIS NPP数据及降水、气温数据,应用趋势分析法分析气候和NPP的变化,用相关分析方法分析大兴安岭森林2000—2019年NPP与各气候因子的相关性。【结果】1)2000—2019年大兴安岭森林NPP总体上以6.26 g·C·m^-2·a^-1的速率显著增加,空间上大多数像元均呈显著增加趋势(P <0.10),仅5.60%的像元呈不显著变化或显著下降的趋势,主要集中在中北部区域;2)大兴安岭森林NPP主要受夏季气候条件的影响,NPP与夏季降水呈显著正相关;夏季最高气温和最低气温对NPP的影响不同,NPP与最高气温呈显著负相关,而与最低气温呈正相关;南部区域对气候的敏感性相较于北部区域更强;3)大兴安岭森林区域夏季降水和最低气温呈显著增加趋势,最高气温呈降低趋势,均有助于促进NPP增加;空间上南部和中部降水变化较为强烈,最低气温变...     

黑龙江省东部森林NPP变化及未来演化模拟

黑龙江省东部森林是三江平原的重要生态屏障,为探明森林净初级生产力(NPP)变化及未来演化趋势,基于气象观测资料和气象模式模拟数据,在气象模式筛选、点数据栅格化的基础上,利用周广胜-张新时NPP模拟模型,分析2000—2030年黑龙江省东部地区森林NPP的时空演化特征。结果显示：2020—2022年黑龙江省东部地区森林NPP平均为(550.70±39.72) gC/(m²·a),无显著变化趋势,与之相比,在SSP2-4.5情景和SSP2-8.5情景下,2023—2030年NPP均有小幅上升;未来情景下大部分区域的NPP有所增加,只有长白山北部山区的部分区域NPP存在减小的趋势;未来森林NPP总体分布有向东北-西南方向集中的趋势,且空间分布中心有向北移动趋势。截至2030年黑龙江省东部森林植被NPP无显著变化趋势,分布重心有向北移动趋势。研究结果可为科学评价森林生态效益、保障区域生态安全提供科学依据。     

Modelling long-term impacts of environmental change on mid- and high-latitude European forests and options for adaptive forest management

The process based model SMART–SUMO–WATBAL was applied to 166 intensive monitoring forest plots of mid- and high-latitude Europe to evaluate the effects of expected future changes in carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposition on forest growth (net annual increment). These results were used in the large-scale forest scenario model EFISCEN (European Forest Information SCENario model) to upscale impacts of environmental change and to combine these results with adapted forest management. Because of the few plots available, Mediterranean countries were excluded from analyses. Results are presented for 109 million ha in 23 European countries.     

森林认证对林产品贸易的影响

森林认证在森林经营政策方面扮演了一个重要的补充角色并对林产品贸易起到了极其重要的影响。在短短的10余年间,森林认证已得到许多国家政府和林业部门的关注和认可。森林认证工作在中国刚刚起步,我们应该让更多的人了解森林认证并推动该项工作的发展。本文分析了森林认证对世界林产品贸易的影响,包括认证进出口国的利益、贸易流向、企业竞争、以及人们对认证林产品的需求,论述了森林认证对中国林产品贸易的影响,提出了森林认证对中国森林经营和林产品贸易的影响是机遇与挑战并存。参8。     

对双鸭山林区森林分类经营的认识

本文对双鸭山林区森林的分类经营提出了几点认识,并做了具体分析。     

Estimation of biomass,net primary production and net ecosystem production of China's forests based on the 1999–2003 National Forest Inventory

Abstract

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is an important resource for estimating the national carbon (C) balance. Based on the volume, biomass, annual biomass increment and litterfall of different forest types and the 6th NFI in China, the hyperbolic relationships between them were established and net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) were estimated accordingly. The results showed that the total biomass, NPP and NEP of China's forests were 5.06 Pg C, 0.68 Pg C year^?1 and 0.21 Pg C year^?1, respectively. The area-weighted mean biomass, NPP and NEP were 35.43 Mg C ha^?1, 4.76 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1 and 1.47 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1 and varied from 13.36 to 79.89 Mg C ha^?1, from 2.13 to 9.15 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1 and from ?0.16 to 5.80 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1, respectively. The carbon sequestration was composed mainly of Betula and Populus forest, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest and subtropical mixed evergreen–deciduous broadleaved forest, whereas Pinus massoniana forest and P. tabulaeformis forest were carbon sources. This study provides a method to calculate the biomass, NPP and NEP of forest ecosystems using the NFI, and may be useful for evaluating terrestrial carbon balance at regional and global levels.     

长白山典型林区森林资源变化及目前质量分析

利用研究区1985年和1999年两期遥感数据,将两期图像的矢量化图像中变动幅度较大的主要类别进行叠加,通过图像单元统计及图像叠加分析,得知各类地物在十五年间的变化情况及相应类别变化的量化归属。研究表明,十五年间采伐迹地、人工幼林变化剧烈,人类活动是造成研究区地物剧烈变化的最主要原因。选择研究区中二个干扰与经营状况不同的林场进行重点剖析,结果表明经营强度及方式的不同,对森林资源质量有较大的影响。东升林场采伐利用强度相对较小,目前仍保存有面积约占该林场1/3左右的地带性植被,过熟林面积比例较高,成熟针叶林单位面积蓄积量高达536.27m3hm-2,与长白山自然保护区的阔叶红松林单位面积蓄积量大体相当;西林河林场因采伐强度较大,目前林分多为原始林被破坏后形成的次生林,成过熟林比例相对较低,单位面积蓄积量也较小。二个林场森林状况以及营林措施方面具有一定代表性,其森林演替具有天然、人为干预两个方面的性质,作为重点剖析对象对研究区未来森林资源经营具有一定的指导意义。本文还就研究中发现的问题进行了剖析,并对当地的营林策略提出了可行性建议。图6表4参13。     

Quality and change analysis of forest resource in typical Changbai Mountain forest region

The utilization and changes of forest resources were studied in the Lishuihe Forest Bureau. Based on remote sensing images in 1985 and 1999, changes of major forest resources were analyzed by statistical and overlap method and classified quantitatively. The results showed that in recent 15 years, logging spots and man-made young forest changed violently, which was due to human activities. Different forest management manners and harvesting intensity played an important role in forest resources change. Dongsheng and Xilinhe tree farms were typical cases of different forest status and management for the Bureau, where forest succession was intervened by either human or natural disturbance. Dongsheng Tree Farm underwent a lighth arvest intensity and maintained a unit stock volume of 536.27 m^3. hm^-2, as much as that of broadleaf/Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve; Xilinhe Tree Farm underwent an intense harvest and was composed of secondary forests,where mature forests just had a small percentage and the unit stock volume was low. The study was useful to guide future forest management. What‘s more, problems found in the research were also analyzed and reasonable advice was given to the local forest management.     

A new methodology for estimating forest NPP based on forest inventory data—A case study of Chinese pine forest

Accurately estimating forest net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in study of global carbon budget. A NPP model reflecting the synthetic effects of both biotic (forest stand age, A and stem volume, V) and climatic factors (mean annual actual evapotranspiration, E) was developed for Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forest by making full use of Forest Inventory Data (FID) and dynamically assessing forest productivity. The NPP of Chinese pine forest was estimated by using this model and the fourth FID (1989–1993), and the spatial pattern of NPP of Chinese pine forest was given by Geography Information System (GIS) software. The results indicated that mean NPP value, of Chinese pine forest was 7.82 t m⁻²·a⁻¹ and varied at the range of 3.32–11.87 t hm⁻²·a⁻¹. NPP distribution of Chinese pine forests was significantly different in different regions, higher in the south and lower in the north of China. In terms of the main distribution regions of Chinese pine, the NPPs of Chinese pine forest in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces were in middle level, with an average NPP of 7.4 t hm⁻²·a⁻¹, that in the southern and the eastern parts (e.g. Shichuang Hunan, Henan, and Liaoning provinces) was higher (over 7.7 t hm⁻²·a⁻¹), and that in the northern part and western part (e.g. Neimenggu and Ningxia provinces) was lower (below 5 t hm⁻²·a⁻¹). This study provides an efficient way for using FID to understand the dynamics of foest NPP and evaluate its effects on global climate change. Foundation item: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30028001, 49905005), National Key Basic Research Specific Foundation (G1999043407); the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSC2-1-07). Biography: ZHAO Min (1973-), female, Ph. D. in Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Discussions on forest recovery in the burned area in Daxing’anling forest region

The disastrous fire occurred in northern area of Daxing’anling forest region on May 6, 1987, destroyed a large area of forests. The broad-leaved tree species, such as poplar, birch had regenerated in a great quantity after the fire, but the coniferous species such as larch and scotch pine had difficult to regenerate naturally, This paper put forward that the coniferous forest could be recovered by the planting method of effect strip and effect islet based on the principle of borderline effects and by making full use of the condition of broad-leaved trees.     

森林采伐与森林资源可持续发展

本文系统地阐述了森林采伐对森林生态系统、林区经济和社会稳定以及对森林资源可持续发展的影响，并且提出利用生态采伐这一新兴起的技术去实现资源可持续发展。