Improved solubility and stability of carp myosin by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide

ABSTRACT:   Carp myosin was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) through the Maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the myosin-AO conjugate were investigated to clarify the role of myosin in the functional improvement of fish myofibrillar proteins (Mf) by the glycosylation. The findings were as follows. First, myosin became highly solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations by conjugation with AO and NaCl-dependence of the solubility was lost when > 12% of the available lysine residues were reacted with AO and 50 µg/mg of AO was attached to myosin. Second, the thermal stability of myosin was effectively improved by conjugation with AO. Heat-treatment at 50°C for 6 h has no effect on the solubility of the myosin-AO conjugate regardless of the NaCl concentration. Third, the improved functionalities of myosin conjugated with AO remained even at a nearly isoelectric point. The improving effect of AO-conjugation on the characteristics of myosin was almost the same as Mf reacted with AO. Therefore, it is apparent that that improved functionalities of the glycosylated Mf reflect the functional changes of myosin.     

Preparation and characterization of water-soluble chitosan produced by Maillard reaction

ABSTRACT:   The objective of this research was to improve the solubility of chitosan by Maillard reaction with 1% chitosan and 2% reducing sugar (glucose or glucosamine) dissolved in 0.2 M acetic acid, which was adjusted to pH 6.0, and incubated at either 50°C or 70°C for 1–7 days. The physicochemical and rheological properties of the chitosan–saccharide derivatives were also investigated. Results indicated that the solubility of modified chitosan derivatives was significantly greater than that of native chitosan. The solubility of chitosan–glucosamine was higher than that of chitosan–glucose, and the chitosan–glucosamine derivative remained soluble at pH 10. The degree of deacetylation of the derivatives decreased with increasing reaction time. Rheological investigation revealed that the apparent viscosity of the water-soluble chitosan derivatives in aqueous solution depended upon system conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and solution temperature. The measured apparent viscosity decreased as all system conditions increased. As calculated by the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy ( E _a ) of the derivatives in aqueous solution generally decreased with increasing the extent of Maillard reaction with respect to the reducing sugars used.     

鸢乌贼酶解产物的抗氧化稳定性与功能特性

以葡聚糖、褐藻寡糖、葡萄糖、乳糖为糖基供体实现对鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)肌原纤维蛋白糖基化改性,分析了不同糖的种类及改性时间对蛋白溶解性、结构、乳化性、起泡性等功能性质的影响。结果表明,肌原纤维蛋白与不同种类的糖质量比1∶1反应12 h后,SDS-PAGE分析显示糖基化产物分子量明显增大,小分子糖与肌原纤维蛋白反应更快;糖基化反应使肌原纤维蛋白的溶解性显著提高,表面疏水性降低;此外,肌原纤维蛋白二级结构明显改变,β-转角含量显著升高,β-折叠含量降低。糖基化反应未能改善肌原纤维蛋白的热稳定性。反应后的肌原纤维蛋白具有更好的起泡性及起泡稳定性,但乳化性和乳化稳定性降低。肌原纤维蛋白糖基化后在高离子浓度氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中比在低离子浓度溶液中具有更高的乳化和起泡能力。同时,经糖基化改性的蛋白在低离子浓度时的溶解性和起泡能力也能得到明显改善。     

The effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate levels on the liver and muscle metabolic profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) by 1H NMR‐based metabolomics studies

A ¹H NMR‐based metabolomics approach was to explore the effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate (UF) levels on the liver and muscle metabolic profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was produced from by‐products by enzymatic treatment, and UF was obtained by diluting FPH followed filtration. Fish were fed diets containing fish meal protein, which was, respectively, replaced by UF protein 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1 of dietary total protein (UF‐0, UF‐5, UF‐10, UF‐15 and UF‐20) for 68 days. OPLS‐DA of liver and muscle showed that high levels of UF in diets may lead to corresponding tissue metabolites changes. In liver tissue, changing metabolites included dimethylamine, N,N‐dimethylglycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine and alanine and were mainly involved in choline metabolism and amino acid metabolism. For muscle tissue, changing metabolites included lactate, alanine, proline, fumarate, tyrosine, histidine, cystathionine and taurine. And the metabolites were mainly involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, proline metabolism and taurine metabolism. ¹H NMR‐based metabolomics is a useful approach to investigate different levels of UF on metabolic profile in liver and muscle tissues combined with the growth.