两种仪器测定饲料中粗蛋白含量的比较

为了研究和探讨饲料中粗蛋白含量的测定技术,试验采用半自动凯氏定氮仪与全自动凯氏定氮仪检测次粉、豆粕、鱼粉、配合饲料中的粗蛋白含量,并对检测结果的差异性进行了分析,对两种检测方法的优缺点进行了分析。结果表明:两种仪器检测结果无显著性差异;全自动凯氏定氮仪比半自动凯氏定氮仪试剂消耗量更小,更环保,蒸馏分析时自动计算结果效率更高,日常程序也更复杂,适合检测量大的批次;半自动凯氏定氮仪的使用过程中人工参与量大,对操作员的操作水平要求更高。     

BuchiK-370全自动凯氏定氮仪与半微量蒸馏法测定饲料中粗蛋白的比较

本实验采用了BuchiK-370全自动凯氏定氮仪与半微量蒸馏法进行饲料中不同浓度的粗蛋白测定分析,二者测定值的最大相对偏差仅为0.51%.用3种（低、中、高）不同浓度进行回收率检验,其回收率达99.5%以上。结果表明：用BuchiK-370全自动凯氏定氮仪测定饲料中不同浓度粗蛋白结果快速、准确、可靠。     

两种定氮仪测定饲料粗蛋白含量的比较

分别使用KDN-103F自动定氮仪、Vapodest 50s全自动凯氏定氮仪对玉米、小麦次粉、豆粕和啤酒糟4种饲料样品进行粗蛋白含量测定。结果表明:除小麦次粉外,两种仪器测定的粗蛋白含量均无显著差异,两种仪器所测得的结果之间无显著相关性;工作效率方面,KDN-103F自动定氮仪明显不如Vapodest 50s全自动凯氏定氮仪省时省力,效率偏低,但二者在消耗试剂、造成的污染方面各有长短,没有明显优劣。在实际生产中,Vapodest 50s全自动凯氏定氮仪检测饲料粗蛋白上更具有效率优势。     

饲料中粗蛋白质的仪器分析

本文采用化学分析及仪器分析两种测试方式,对饲料样品的粗蛋白质含量进行分析检验,旨在探讨两种分析测试方法的测量误差,经统计分析,两种测试方法的分析结果无显著差异。同化学分析法相比较,FossTecator2300凯氏定氮仪具有自动化程度高、分析速度快、分析数据准确等优势。     

凯氏定氮仪测定饲料中粗蛋白的注意事项

蛋白质是鉴定饲料质量时必测的常规营养指标.以往饲料检测普遍采用的标准方法是半微量凯氏定氮法,但是由于粗蛋白质测定过程相对较复杂,所以现在河南省已有多家质检中心购买了半自动的凯氏定氮仪,它具有消化时间短,操作简单,准确性高、价格较便宜等特性,备受使用者青睐.但在使用中有些不容忽视的注意事项,在此跟大家分享. 1 制样 用粉碎机粉碎样品后,一定要全部清理干净作为备用样,如果清理不彻底,将影响检验结果.     

不同测定方法对饲料粗蛋白测定结果影响的研究

试验采用国标法、凯氏定氮仪法、强碱直接蒸馏法、双氧水测定法对鱼粉、玉米蛋白、豆粕三种饲料原料的粗蛋白含量进行分析测定,旨在探讨4种方法的测定误差,以期找到最好的测定方法。试验结果表明,4种方法的测定结果差异不显著（P〉O．05）,均可用于粗蛋白的测定;其中强碱直接蒸馏法测定是最好的,可以节省试剂,减少实验经费,在一般饲料质量检测中可进行推广。     

凯氏定氮法测定饲料中的粗蛋白质

饲料是十分复杂的复合物，饲料中含氮物质包括纯蛋白和氨化物（氨化物有氨基酸、酰胺、硝酸盐及铵盐等），总称为粗蛋白质。粗蛋白质的测定是评价饲料原料及其产品的常规营养指标。测定粗蛋白质的方法很多，常用的有凯氏法、杜马司法、强碱蒸馏法等等。目前大多数饲料企业仍选用凯氏定氮法，此法操作简单，但是测定过程较为复杂。在测定时，检测人员不但要熟练掌握测定步骤，     

LNK882饲料用快速消化器和LNK871凯氏定氮快速蒸馏器的应用

<正> 目前饲料粗蛋白的测定,国内普遍使用的仍是将样品置于凯氏瓶中在普通电炉上加热消化,然后用半微量凯氏定氮仪蒸馏测定。电炉加热消化样品耗电量大,时间长,放样少,控温不便,受热不均;用半微量凯氏定氮仪蒸馏测定,需转移样液,手续繁琐,蒸馏测定时间长,所以均有缺点。辽宁省农科院根据饲料粗蛋白国标测定法的基本要求,结合本单位多年使用LNK801、804远红外消煮炉的经验,并参照日本快速分解装置及瑞典Tecator蛋白质自动测定系统,研制了LNK882饲料用多功能快速消化器和LNK871凯式定氮快速蒸馏器,并进行了与普通电炉消化饲料及半微量凯氏定氮仪蒸馏测定的比较试验。试验材料选用鸡饲料、虾饵料、鱼粉、骨肉粉、豆粕。消化及蒸馏测定方法执行国标法GB6432—86。     

氮素和粗蛋白质测定的一种新方法

<正> 氮或粗蛋白含量是评价饲料质量的指标之一。对于该指标的测定,要求测定方法精确而简便。凯氏定氮法是一百多年来最常用的一种定氮法。它首先通过硫酸灰化、蒸馏,然后用酸滴定。有人对凯氏定氮仪进行了改造,并在一定程度上加快了分析速度。但是上述方法整个来说所需时间较长,工作量相当大。     

凯氏定氮仪测定豆粕中粗蛋白质的不确定度评定

通过对凯氏定氮仪测定豆粕中粗蛋白质含量的检验过程进行分析,确定影响测量不确定度的因素,并对各个不确定度分量进行评定和计算合成,给出该仪器测定豆粕中粗蛋白质的合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,提出减小不确定度的方法。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.