异麦芽糖对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响

为了研究异麦芽糖对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响,选择4头泌乳天数为20 d、日产奶量30 kg左右、体重550 kg左右的经产(二胎)中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,随机分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加60 g异麦芽糖,采用2×2交叉试验设计,每期21d。结果表明:添加异麦芽糖可以显著提高奶牛瘤胃中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的含量(P0.05),显著降低氨态氮(NH_3-N)的含量(P0.05),其中瘤胃液中丁酸含量有极显著差异(P0.01),乙酸和丙酸的含量呈上升趋势,但无显著差异(P0.05)。对奶样进行分析,添加异麦芽糖可以显著提高牛奶的乳脂率(P0.05),显著降低乳体细胞数(P0.05),产奶量、乳蛋白和尿素氮浓度均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,异麦芽糖有助于改善奶牛的瘤胃发酵功能,提高牛奶的乳脂率。     

甘露寡糖对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳常规的影响

近年来,大量试验结果表明,甘露寡糖(mannan oligosaccharide,MOS)可明显降低肠道疾病发病率,降低饲料霉菌的毒副作用,提高奶牛免疫力.试验旨在研究甘露寡糖对荷斯坦奶牛奶常规的影响.选用80头2胎或超过2胎,体质量及产奶量相似,均处于泌乳后期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为试验组与对照组,平均胎次为3胎.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加甘露寡糖(20 g/(d·头)),饲喂90 d.试验前和试验中进行奶样采集,并记录和测定产奶量及各个乳常规指标.结果表明,试验组奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率和体细胞数产生显著差异,而牛奶中蛋白含量差异不显著.试验结果显示,在日粮中添加一定量的甘露寡糖对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳常规有有益的影响.     

甘露寡糖对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳常规的影响

选用80头2胎或2胎以上,体重、产奶量相似,均处于泌乳后期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为试验组与对照组,平均胎次为3胎。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加甘露寡糖(20 g/d 头),饲喂90 d。试验前和试验中进行奶样的采集,并记录和测定产奶量和各个乳常规指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率和体细胞数产生了显著差异(P<0.05),而牛奶中蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在日粮中添加一定量的甘露寡糖对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及乳常规有一定积极有益的影响。     

甘露寡糖对围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的甘露寡糖(MOS)对荷斯坦奶牛围产后期瘤胃微生物区系的影响.选取60头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分4组,每组15头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,低、中、高剂量组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加5、10、15 g/(头·d)MOS.结果 显示,随着MOS添加量的增加,奶牛产后21 d瘤胃液中微生物蛋白含量、总挥发性...     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验研究了过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMET.)对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳早期生产性能的影响。将12头奶牛随机分成对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每头牛每天过瘤胃蛋氨酸的添加量分别为:对照组0g,试验1组20g,试验2组40g,试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组,试验2组的奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护性蛋氨都提高了泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,乳脂肪含量,乳蛋白含量,且差异显著(P<0.05)。     

寡糖对奶牛瘤胃发酵及乳脂调控的研究进展

奶牛产后开始大量泌乳,能量消耗急增,但其采食量降低。生产中为满足泌乳牛的能量需求,习惯性做法是提高泌乳牛日粮的能量浓度,虽然在一定程度上满足了泌乳牛的能量需求,但同时也产生了一些不良后果,如瘤胃亚急性酸中毒,日粮纤维消化率降低,乳脂降低等。研究发现,在奶牛日粮中添加外源寡糖对奶牛的瘤胃发酵以及乳脂率有一定的调控作用,本文对其研究相关动态进行综述。     

饲粮中添加籽粒苋对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液指标和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加籽粒苋青贮和干草对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率、血液指标和生产性能的影响。选取产奶量、胎次和泌乳天数等相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛45头,随机分成3组,每组15头牛。对照组粗饲料包括全株玉米青贮、羊草和苜蓿干草,试验Ⅰ组粗饲料使用籽粒苋青贮替代30%玉米青贮,试验Ⅱ组粗饲料使用籽粒苋干草替代30%苜蓿干草。3组饲粮营养水平接近。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组能显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率、瘤胃液氨态氮(NH_3-N)和血液总氨基酸(T-AA)的含量(P0.05),对其他营养物质表观消化率、血液指标和乳成分影响不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的血液T-AA含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),对其他血液指标、瘤胃发酵指标、营养物质表观消化率和乳成分均无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的籽粒苋不会影响奶牛的生产性能,同时会提高牧场经济效益。     

饲喂全棉籽对奶牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

美国乔治亚大学Cooke选取24头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛进行8周完全随机设计试验，饲喂全棉籽（WCS），（全棉籽油中含较高浓度的游离脂肪酸（FFA）），检测全棉籽对奶牛摄食量和生产性能的影响。处理组包括游离脂肪酸含量正常的棉籽（6．8％，对照），2种高游离脂肪酸棉籽HFFAl（24．1％）或HFFA2（22．3％），     

Thepax(宝利肥)对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵和产乳性能的影响

选用60头中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、体况及产乳量随机分成A、B两组(n=30).A组牛为对照组,饲喂含有奶牛原有青贮饲料的全混合日粮(TMR);B组为试验组,在A组饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,每吨另添加0.5 kgThepax(宝利肥).结果表明,Thepax(宝利肥)对纤毛虫种类、数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度及其组成无显著影响(P＞0.05).两组乳牛干物质采食量无明显差异,但Thepax(宝利肥)组可以显著提高产乳量(P＜0.05);添加Thepax(宝利肥)后,B组乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、干物质率、脂肪蛋白比的值分别比A组提高2.56%、1.26%、1.30%、0.26%、1.50%.     

Thepax（宝利肥）对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵和产乳性能的影响

选用60头中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、体况及产乳量随机分成A、B两组（n=30）。A组牛为对照组,饲喂含有奶牛原有青贮饲料的全混合日粮（TMR）;B组为试验组,在A组饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,每吨另添加0．5kgThepax（宝利肥）。结果表明,Thepax（宝利肥）对纤毛虫种类、数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度及其组成无显著影响（P〉0．05）。两组乳牛干物质采食量无明显差异,但Thepax（宝利肥）组可以显著提高产乳量（P〈0．05）;添加Thepax（宝利肥）后,B组乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、干物质率、脂肪蛋白比的值分别比A组提高2．56％、1．26％、1．30％、0．26％、1．50％。     

复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同水平复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及奶牛生产性能的影响。试验一以奶牛全混合日粮作为底物进行体外瘤胃发酵试验,分为4组,即对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组的酶制剂添加量分别为日粮浓度的0.10%、0.15%和0.20%,每组设9个重复。每个重复准确称取0.500 g底物,在体外发酵产气自动记录装置上发酵48 h,测定其发酵参数和营养物质降解率。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度(P<0.05);试验组中粗蛋白(P<0.05)和中性洗涤纤维(P<0.01)降解率显著高于对照组。试验二选择体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛36头,采用随机区组设计分为4组,即对照组和试验1、2和3组,对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组分别添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的酶制剂,每组9个重复,试验期8周,测定产奶量和乳成分含量,计算3.5%乳脂校正乳。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高3.5%乳脂校正乳产量(P<0.05),0.10%、0.15%和0.20%组比对照组分别提高3.88、4.27和2.26 kg·d^-1。0.15%组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),比对照组高12.7%。结论添加复合酶制剂有利于瘤胃发酵和提高生产性能,且添加量为0.15%时效果较好。     

Effect of feeding Bacillus subtilis natto fermentation product on milk production and composition, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in early lactation dairy cows

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis natto fermentation product supplementation on blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and milk production and composition in early lactation dairy cows. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows (DIM = 29 ± 6 days, parity = 2.8 ± 1.1) were blocked by DIM and parity and then randomly assigned to three treatments (12 per treatment) in a 9-week trial. Cows in control, DFM1 and DFM2 were fed TMR diets supplemented with 0, 6 and 12 g of B. subtilis natto solid-state fermentation product per day per cow respectively. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids were lower (p = 0.03) in DFM1 and DFM2 compared with control cows (633 and 639 vs. 685 μm). Ruminal propionate increased (23.9 vs. 26.3 and 26.9/100 mol, control vs. DFM1 and DFM2 respectively) and acetate decreased (64.2 vs. 62.7 and 62.1/100 mol, control vs. DFM1 and DFM2 respectively) with increasing B. subtilis natto fermentation product supplementation. DMI of the cows in three treatments was not affected by B. subtilis natto fermentation product supplementation, but milk yield was 3.1 and 3.2 kg/day higher for DFM1 and DFM2 than that for control cows on average across the 9-week trial, and significant differences were observed during weeks 5-9 of the trial, which resulted in 9.5% and 11.7% increase in feed efficiency. B. subtilis natto fermentation product supplementation did not affect milk fat percentage and protein yield but increased (p < 0.05) milk fat yield and lactose percentage (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease protein percentage (p = 0.06). The findings show that B. subtilis natto fermentation product was effective in increasing lactation performance of early lactation dairy cows possibly by altering the rumen fermentation pattern without any negative effects on blood metabolites.     

Effect of brewer's grain on rumen fermentation, milk production and milk composition in lactating dairy cows

Six lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups (n = 3) and used in a double reversal trial with three periods of 14 days each to evaluate the rumen fermentation, milk production and milk composition of cows fed brewer's grain (BG). The control diets contained 14% chopped Sudangrass hay, 24% corn silage, 18% alfalfa hay cube, 34% concentrate mixture‐1 and 10% concentrate mixture‐2 (wheat bran, soybean meal and cottonseed). In the experimental diet, wet BG replaced the concentrate mixture‐2. The protozoal population, concentration of ammonia‐N and volatile fatty acids in the ruminal fluid did not differ between the control and BG diets. The molar percentage of acetic acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with the BG diet at 5 h after feeding. The milk yield, the percentage of protein, lactose, solids not‐fat and somatic cell counts of milk did not differ between the two diets. The percentage of milk fat tended to increase with the BG diet. The BG diet significantly increased the proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 in milk fat (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and tended to increase that of conjugated linoleic acid.     

硫酸钠对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究不同添加水平的硫酸钠对泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选用4头体重、胎次、产奶量均相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验分4个处理组,添加不同水平的硫酸钠,即0%(对照组)、0.4%(试验1组)、0.8%(试验2组)与1.2%(试验3组),试验分为4期,每期18 d(预试期15 d,正试期3 d)。结果表明:(1)饲粮中添加硫酸钠对瘤胃液pH、NH3-N平均浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)饲粮中添加硫酸钠后,瘤胃内原虫数均有所提高,其中试验2组和试验3组与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05);(3)添加硫酸钠的试验2组瘤胃液菌体蛋白浓度与对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05)。结果说明,日粮中添加适量的硫酸钠可以改变瘤胃发酵环境,提高瘤胃液菌体蛋白浓度。     

不同瘤胃细菌培养物添加水平对奶牛瘤胃发酵及BCP含量的影响

本文旨在研究不同剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵及菌体蛋白(BCP)含量的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛,取其瘤胃液混匀,添加不同剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物进行体外培养,分别为:对照组(0 CUF/g),试验Ⅰ组(添加量为3%,4.4×108CUF/g),试验Ⅱ组(添加量为5%,7.8×108CUF/g),试验Ⅲ组(添加量为10%,1.2×109CUF/g),每组分别设2、4、8、12、24、36、48 h 7个指标测定时间点,每个时间点3个重复。结果表明:(1)添加瘤胃细菌培养物使瘤胃液pH有所降低,但始终在6.5～7.0,对瘤胃内环境无不良影响;(2)添加3%的瘤胃细菌培养物显著降低氨态氮(NH3-N)的含量(P<0.05),显著增加了培养液BCP的浓度(P<0.05);(3)添加3%的瘤胃细菌培养物可一定程度增加总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和乙酸浓度,但对其他各挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸/丙酸比值无显著影响。由此可见,添加3%剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物可改变瘤胃的发酵环境,提高BCP浓度。     

Effects of selenium yeast on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and feed digestibilities in lactating dairy cows

The objective was to evaluate the effects of selenium-yeast (SY) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and feed digestibilities in dairy cows. Twenty-eight multiparous (2.5 ± 0.3 parity) Holstein dairy cows, averaging 625 ± 18.2 kg of BW, 63 ± 3.0 days in milk and average daily milk production of 26.2 ± 0.5 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Treatments were: control, LSY, MSY and HSY with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg selenium yeast (Sel-Plex®, 1 g/kg selenium, produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3060) per kg of diet dry matter (DM), respectively. Experimental periods were 45 days with 30 days of adaptation and 15 days of sampling. Ruminal pH was lower for MSY than for control and was linearly (P = 0.03) decreased, whereas total VFA concentration was linearly and quadratically (P ≤ 0.01) increased with increasing SY supplementation, with the least for control, followed by LSY and HSY, and the highest for MSY. Ratio of acetate to propionate was lower for LSY, MSY and HSY than for control, and was linearly and quadratically (P ≤ 0.01) decreased as SY supplementation increased due to an increase in molar proportion of propionate. Ruminal ammonia N content was lower (P ≤ 0.01) for MSY and HSY than for control and was linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing SY supplementation. Dry matter intake, proportions and yields of milk fat, protein and lactose were not affected (P > 0.05). Milk yields and 4% FCM were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for LSY and MSY than for HSY and control. Milk selenium content was linearly and quadratically (P ≤ 0.01) increased as increasing SY supplementation, with the least for control, followed by LSY and MSY, and the highest for HSY. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), aNDF and ADF in the total tract were higher (P < 0.01) for LSY and MSY than for control and HSY. The results indicate that supplementation of diet with SY improved rumen fermentation, milk yields, milk selenium, and feed digestion. It was suggested that the SY stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum selenium-yeast dose was about 300 mg per kg diet DM.     

全棉籽影响奶牛生产性能的研究进展

我国是棉花生产大国,每年棉花产量可达700万吨,棉籽是棉花加工过程中的副产品,如果将棉籽用作动物的饲料,无论从资源利用还是畜牧养殖上都很有意义。目前,在我国大多数棉籽被压榨成棉籽饼粕或制成脱酚棉仁蛋白利用,这些副产品在畜禽中的应用已经取得了一定的进展。但是棉籽的深     

Effect of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on rumen fermentation and metabolic profile of dairy cows in early lactation

The study evaluated dietary supplementation with live yeast (LY) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I‐4407, 10¹⁰ CFU/g, Actisaf; Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, France) on rumen fermentation and serum metabolic profile in lactating dairy cows. Fifty Holstein cows received a total mixed ration with (Live Yeast Diet, LYD, n = 25) or without (Control Diet, CD, n = 25) 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/cow/day of LY from 3 to 19 weeks of lactation. Rumen fermentation and serum metabolic profile were measured in eight cows per treatment at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 weeks post‐partum. LYD showed an increased daily milk yield (+4%) over CD (p < 0.05). Mean rumen pH at 4 hr after morning meal was higher in LYD (6.59) than CD (6.32) (p < 0.01). Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate molar proportion were higher in LYD (114.24 mM; 25.04%) than CD (106.47 mM; 24.73%) (p < 0.05). Propionate and butyrate molar proportions, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia levels did not differ between LYD and CD. Ruminal lactate was lower in LYD than CD (9.3 vs. 16.4 mM) (p < 0.001), with a 53% decrease in LYD. During peak lactation, LYD had lower serum NEFA (p < 0.05, 0.40 vs. 0.48 mM) and BHBA (p < 0.01, 0.47 vs. 0.58 mM) than CD, lower liver enzyme activities (AST 1.39 vs. 1.54 ukat/L) (p < 0.05). Serum glucose was higher in LYD at peak lactation (3.22 vs. 3.12 mM, and 3.32 vs. 3.16 mM respectively) (p < 0.05). The results confirmed a reducing effect of LY on lactate accumulation in rumen fluid, associated with an increase in rumen pH. Lower serum levels of lipomobilization markers, liver enzyme activities and higher glucose levels may suggest that live yeast slightly mitigated negative energy balance and had a certain liver protective effect.     

Effect of propylene glycol and undegradable protein source on rumen fermentation, blood metabolism and milk production in lactating dairy cows

Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups ( n  = 4) and used in a double reversal trial with three periods of 14 days each, to evaluate diets containing propylene glycol (PG) and ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) blend on milk yield and composition, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolism. The control diet contained 20% chopped Sudangrass hay, 20% cubed alfalfa hay, 12% corn silage, and 48% of the respective concentrate mixtures (dry matter basis). The experimental diet (PG + RUP) partially replaced the concentrate mixture from the control diet with 1.4% PG and 2.1% RUP. Both diets contained about 16% crude protein and 71% total digestible nutrients. Dry matter intake was similar between the two diets. Daily production of milk, milk lactose and milk solids-not-fat increased by 9.0%, 11.3% and 9.3%, respectively ( P  < 0.1), for cows fed diets with PG + RUP; milk composition was unchanged. Although the concentration of ruminal total volatile fatty acids was unchanged, the proportion of propionic acid increased, and the proportion of acetic acid decreased with PG + RUP. The concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen and number of ciliate protozoa was not significantly affected by PG + RUP. The concentration of glucose in blood plasma increased, the concentration of urea nitrogen was unaffected, and the concentration of some essential free amino acids decreased with PG + RUP. It is suggested that these changes might be caused predominantly by PG, and the addition of PG may exert a favorable effect on milk production through increased metabolism.