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为探究不同益生菌固态湿发酵对豆粕营养品质的影响,选择地衣芽孢杆菌(Bac-l)、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bac-c)、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lac)、米曲霉(Asp)、酿酒酵母(Sac)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Pho) 6种益生菌,固态发酵48 h,以粗蛋白、酸溶蛋白、蛋白酶、抗营养因子等为指标,从发酵豆粕营养指标、酶活性、抗营养因子含量等方面进行评定。结果表明:沼泽红假单胞菌发酵豆粕粗蛋白含量增加至31.55%(P<0.05);酿酒酵母和沼泽红假单胞菌发酵豆粕后酸溶蛋白含量提升至12.98%(P<0.05);罗伊氏乳杆菌能够有效降低pH(P<0.05),提高干物质回收率达到94%(P<0.05);发酵豆粕时,沼泽红假单胞菌的酸性蛋白酶活性最高,酿酒酵母的中性蛋白酶活性最高,地衣芽孢杆菌的碱性蛋白酶活性最高(P<0.05),酿酒酵母的植酸酶和纤维素酶活性最优;米曲霉分解大分子蛋白质的能力最强,对3种抗营养因子(大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制因子)的降解率也最高,分别达到64.71%、78.94%和98.07%(P<0.05)。说明益生菌发酵可以改善豆粕营养品质,... 相似文献
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试验首先利用响应曲面法对豆粕固态发酵过程中影响蛋白酶产率的因素进行优化,以确定变温发酵温度转变的最佳条件。以蛋白酶活力为指标,对蛋白酶活力的二次回归模型分析采用SAS 9.1.3统计软件。通过优化,豆粕发酵时蛋白酶产生的最佳条件为发酵温度30℃、基质层厚度1.75 cm、含水量44%及发酵时间44 h,此条件发酵豆粕中蛋白酶活力可达907.94 IU/g。由此确定变温发酵在44 h后提高发酵温度至40℃,再继续发酵28 h,对比变温发酵与恒温发酵样品中蛋白含量与酸溶蛋白含量,结果表明变温发酵可以减少微生物对营养物质的消耗,但可以产生更多的低分子肽类物质,发酵72 h后其酸溶蛋白含量可达19.75%,其含量比恒温发酵提高6.45%。 相似文献
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试验旨在实时监测豆粕发酵过程中抗营养因子的降解效果。以β-甘露聚糖酶高产菌株HTGC-10为发酵菌株,降解甘露聚糖,使用薄层层析及实时电泳检测菌株HTGC-10的降解效果。结果显示,菌株HTGC-10可将甘露聚糖降解为小分子的甘露寡糖;使用HTGC-10发酵10%的豆粕,在发酵的0~24 h内,菌株HTGC-10可以很好地降解豆粕中的大分子蛋白。在发酵的0~24 h内,菌株HTGC-10可以很好地降解抗营养因子,将豆粕中的大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和KTI抗营养因子分别降解至原含量的11.9%、18.5%和2.0%,继续发酵24~48 h对豆粕抗营养因子的降解作用不大。研究表明,豆粕发酵以24 h为宜,可以更好地利用豆粕资源。 相似文献
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本试验旨在优化复合益生菌(酿酒酵母∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌=5∶1∶2)发酵豆粕的生产工艺参数,并考察外源添加蛋白酶对发酵豆粕品质的影响。通过模拟工厂化规模生产,测定4个料水比水平(1∶0.3、1∶0.4、1∶0.5、1∶0.6)在发酵0、24、48、72 h时的发酵温度、pH以及初水分、粗蛋白质、真蛋白质和挥发性盐基氮含量,选择复合益生菌发酵的最优生产参数,而后在该最优参数下设计加酶试验组和无酶对照组,比较添加外源蛋白酶对发酵豆粕品质的影响。结果表明:1)不同料水比条件下发酵72 h,底物温度先升高后下降,pH缓慢下降,初水分含量逐渐提高,粗蛋白质含量在1∶0.6料水比发酵48 h时有最高值47.29%,真蛋白质含量在1∶0.4料水比发酵48 h时有最高值43.34%,挥发性盐基氮含量在1∶0.6料水比发酵48 h时有最高值38.10×10-2mg/g。2)加入蛋白酶后发酵豆粕真蛋白质和干物质含量较对照组分别降低了2.59和4.11个百分点(P<0.05),游离氨基酸含量提高了0.36个百分点(P<0.05),豆粕大分子蛋白质降解程度显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可知,复合益生菌可实现对豆粕低料水比发酵,添加蛋白酶可进一步改善发酵豆粕的品质。推荐发酵参数为复合益生菌(酿酒酵母∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌=5∶1∶2)总添加量0.5%,蛋白酶添加量为0.01%,料水比1∶0.4,发酵48 h。酶菌协同作用可进一步提高发酵豆粕中可利用氮的质量。 相似文献
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试验分别利用产α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶以及β-甘露聚糖酶的功能性嗜酸乳杆菌对豆粕进行协同发酵,采用单因素试验研究了菌液接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间、液料比对酸溶蛋白含量的影响。在此基础上经过Box-Behnken设计试验,建立二次回归模型,得到最佳发酵条件为菌液接种量12.3%、发酵时间78.9 h、发酵温度36.8℃、液料比0.9 L/kg。在此条件下发酵豆粕,发酵豆粕的粗蛋白含量比发酵前提高了15.13%,酸溶蛋白含量提高了66.91%,半纤维素含量下降了24.93%,游离氨基酸含量是发酵前的11.62倍,胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量下降了91.68%,脲酶活性下降了95.67%,植酸含量下降了83.87%,发酵豆粕中的活菌数为1.37×1010 CFU/g。研究表明,该复合菌株发酵模式能够有效增加豆粕的营养成分,去除抗营养因子,从而提高豆粕的利用率,为发酵豆粕的工业化生产提供参考。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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