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《饲料工业》2017,(15):48-54
动物血液是资源丰富、非常具有开发价值的蛋白类饲料原料,因此开发和利用血液资源可解决饲料资源短缺的问题,且减轻血液排放对环境造成的有机污染。但是血粉的消化率差、血腥味和颜色深导致无法大量使用以及氨基酸含量不平衡等问题,且其含有的血腥味导致了其适口性差。目前,普遍使用的加工处理方法仍然无法解决血粉使用过程中存在的问题。加强对畜禽血液资源的精深加工和综合利用,继而研发出安全、营养、价廉的优质血粉产品对我国畜牧行业的可持续发展具有深远影响和重大意义。基于生物技术的发展和酶制剂生产的进步,酶解处理是一种很有潜力的处理血粉的方法,有可能更有效地解决血粉使用过程中遇到的消化率低、适口性差等问题。酶解处理可以改善血粉的营养特性,提高血粉的营养价值。酶解处理可以增加血粉中的游离氨基酸的含量。酶解处理可以改变血粉蛋白结构特性(分子质量变化和二级结构变化),提高血粉的可消化物质的含量。由于酶受到底物种类、底物浓度、酶添加量、p H值、温度、酶解时间的影响,因此每个蛋白酶都必须探讨其对某种特定的蛋白底物的作用条件。本实验首先筛选出最好的碱性蛋白酶,通过单因素实验找到最优的工艺条件,再通过响应面实验筛选出最佳的条件。结果表明,酶解血粉的最优条件为:底物浓度为41.44 mg/ml,温度为45℃,酶/底物比(E/S,酶添加量)为0.803 4,酶解时间为14 h,此时水解度达到了16.39%。 相似文献
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非常规动物性蛋白质饲料资源的开发利用是缓解蛋白质饲料短缺的一条重要途径。在这之中,动物血是一项大宗资源,但由于利用传统法生产的血粉(主要是蒸煮血粉)适口性差,氨基酸遭加工过程的高温破坏严重,加上血粉本身的氨基酸平衡性差,因而饲用价值不理想。为了充分开发这一资源,由省科委下达,省农科院和金华肉联厂等单位共同承担的“八五”攻关项目将发酵血粉开发列为内容之一。经两年的研究工作,包括菌种筛选、 相似文献
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低质蛋白——血粉的有效利用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
血粉是有待开发的较大的饲料蛋白资源,血粉中粗蛋白含量很高,潜在营养价值也很高。为了提高血粉的利用价值,前人开发了许多方法,然而现今的血粉产品问题较多,如消化吸收率不高,营养平衡性不佳(亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量高,异亮氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量少),以及血腥味比较大、适口性差等。由于血粉的上述营养缺陷,使得血粉在畜牧生产实践中,不能被广大用户所接受。所以,血粉开发利用的关键是克服这些缺陷。1发酵血粉的生产工艺发酵血粉是将动物血液与透气性好的辅料以一定比例混合,接入特定的菌种,堆积发酵,然后干燥粉碎的产品。发酵血粉的开发由于投… 相似文献
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发酵血粉在蛋鸡料中的应用效果试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
养殖业中,由于蛋白质饲料的短缺,我国每年都要从国外进口鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,但因其价格昂贵,严重制约着养殖业的进一步发展.发酵血粉具有适口性好, 粗蛋白含量高,氨基酸组成和平衡性较好,易被畜禽消化利用等特点,如能在蛋鸡料中用发酵血粉替代进口鱼粉,将大大节省成本.为此,我们进行了本试验. 相似文献
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饲用发酵血粉制造技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
饲用发酵血粉制造技术研究浙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所徐子伟浙江省金华肉类联合加工厂汤志宏林纯洁汪跃倩畜禽血是一项大宗的非常规动物蛋白饲料资源,它的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸总量都极高。但传统法(蒸煮法)生产的饲用血粉存在三大营养障碍:适口性差,这是它本身... 相似文献
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<正> 我国蛋白质饲料短缺,每年要从国外进口大量鱼粉,花费大量外汇。近年来由于鱼粉价格上涨,货源紧缺,在开辟蛋白质饲料资源方面,积极寻找代用品,人们对血粉很感兴趣,但是缺乏血粉饲养对比试验。 血粉是屠宰场的副产物,含蛋白量极高,由于加工方法不同,含蛋白质营养成分差异很大(如表1),以致在配合饲料中难以广泛应用。江苏省现有4种血 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献