枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵豆粕产品质量评定

为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)XZ35株固态发酵豆粕的效果,试验以纯化水和市售枯草芽孢杆菌B1株为对照,在最优工艺条件下固态发酵豆粕,对发酵产品进行大豆抗原蛋白残留率、三氯乙酸可溶性氮(TCA-NSI)、粗蛋白、水分和挥发性盐基氮含量测定。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌XZ35株发酵豆粕后抗原蛋白残留率为5.9%,显著低于空白对照组和枯草芽孢杆菌B1株对照组(P0.05);TCA-NSI含量为7.24%,显著高于空白对照组和枯草芽孢杆菌B1株对照组(P0.05);枯草芽孢杆菌XZ35株和B1株发酵豆粕后粗蛋白含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),各组水分含量差异不显著(P0.05);挥发性盐基氮含量为30.37 mg/100 g,显著低于空白对照组和枯草芽孢杆菌B1株对照组(P0.05)。说明枯草芽孢杆菌XZ35株在豆粕发酵过程中能够将豆粕中大分子蛋白降解为小分子多肽,同时具有较强的抗原蛋白降解能力,进而提高豆粕蛋白质的消化率和利用率,提高豆粕在饲料中的应用范围和使用价值。     

枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵花生粕的条件优化

文章旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵花生粕的条件优化.试验以枯草芽孢杆菌为主要发酵菌种,以发酵花生粕中多肽含量为优化目标,使用单因素试验与正交试验考察枯草芽孢杆菌接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对发酵花生粕中多肽含量的影响.结果 显示,枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵花生粕的最佳发酵参数为枯草芽孢杆菌接种量为150 g、发酵温度38℃、发酵...     

固态发酵生产功能大豆肽蛋白饲料优势菌的筛选

对适用于固态发酵生产功能大豆肽蛋白饲料的菌种进行了筛选试验并优化其发酵条件。试验结果表明：枯草芽孢杆菌和热带假丝酵母配合使用,效果最好。其最佳条件为：枯草芽孢杆菌和热带假丝酵母接种比例为1∶1,接种量为15%,发酵温度为38℃,发酵时间为36h。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵菌糠制备饲料微生物添加剂的研究

试验旨在优化枯草芽孢杆菌发酵金针菇菌糠的条件进而制备饲料微生物添加剂。试验采用L1(645)正交试验,测定枯草芽孢杆菌发酵金针菇菌糠的培养温度(A)、外源氮水平(B)、初始pH值(C)、发酵时间(D)、菌液接种量(E)5个因素对芽孢数的影响,同时测定发酵产物的有毒、有害物质含量。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌的最适发酵条件为培养温度35℃、棉粕添加量3%、初始pH值7.5、发酵时间48 h、菌液接种量10%。对其发酵结果的影响程度依次是外源氮水平>初始pH值>发酵时间>接种量>培养温度。此添加剂中的黄曲霉毒素B1以及重金属砷、铅、汞、镉的含量均符合国家饲料添加剂卫生指标。在此条件下固态发酵菌糠,枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢数为8×109cfu/g(干重),对其发酵后产品烘干即得到饲料微生物添加剂。     

菌种接种时间差对组合菌种发酵豆粕的影响

为了克服单菌发酵豆粕饲料的缺点,利用米曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌组合菌种发酵豆粕,试验采用单因素法研究菌种接种时间差对豆粕发酵过程中蛋白酶活及大豆肽转化率的影响。结果表明:组合菌种发酵豆粕过程中总蛋白酶活及大豆肽转化率在不同接种时间差(3,6,9,12 h)各试验组间差异极显著(P0.01),接种时间差为9 h蛋白酶活及大豆肽转化率极显著高于其他各处理组(P0.01);接种时间差为9 h总蛋白酶活最高,此时蛋白酶大量分解大豆蛋白转化为大豆肽,肽转化率达到最高。     

复合微生物固态发酵豆粕的工艺条件研究

分别采用液体发酵制备地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和嗜酸乳杆菌的菌种，将3种微生物按一定比例接种于豆粕进行固态发酵，采用单因素法对固态发酵豆粕的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明，最佳发酵工艺条件为：地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和嗜酸乳杆菌的配比为（2：1：1）×109，接种量为10%，含水量为45%，采用好氧48 h、厌氧24 h的固态发酵工艺，发酵产物中总菌数可达2.18×109 cfu/g，乳酸含量达2.51%，多肽含量达19.22%，其中88.94%的多肽分子量小于2300 Da。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵金樱子的工艺优化

试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵金樱子饲料添加剂的最佳工艺。通过单因素和响应面相结合的试验方法对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵金樱子生产工艺进行优化。选用枯草芽孢杆菌对中草药金樱子进行发酵,以金樱子多糖含量为检测指标,在碳源、氮源、含水量、接种量和发酵时间5个单因素的基础上选择对发酵效果影响较大的关键因素,进行响应面试验来进一步优化。结果表明,5个单因素中,含水量、接种量和发酵时间对发酵效果影响较大,为关键因素,经响应面法进一步优化后得出最佳条件为：含水量为53.79%、接种量为5.74%、发酵时间为2 d,此条件下测得金樱子多糖平均值为15.47%,与响应面预测值15.36%接近。相较于未发酵金樱子中10.49%的金樱子多糖,发酵后金樱子多糖提高了47.47%。此发酵工艺简单易操作,发酵效果显著,可为安全绿色饲料添加剂的研制提供理论依据。     

加减四君子汤混菌发酵工艺参数研究

为考察加减四君子汤混菌发酵过程中的影响因素,通过单因子试验及正交试验,确定其最佳发酵工艺。以发酵产物中菌体含量为指标,采用枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母菌、嗜酸乳杆菌3种菌种混合对加减四君子汤进行固态发酵。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为:发酵温度31℃、接种量4%、发酵时间72 h、初始pH值6.0在此条件下,菌体含量为2.23×10~8CFU/mL,发酵效果较好,为复方中药混菌发酵工艺的开发提供参考。     

两种方式发酵棉粕的营养价值及草鱼生长性能的影响

试验旨在评价经嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）或枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）发酵后棉粕的营养价值及其对草鱼生长性能的影响。发酵试验设置无菌对照组、枯草芽孢杆菌好氧发酵组以及添加碱性蛋白酶和嗜酸乳杆菌的厌氧发酵组,发酵24 h后测定各组的棉粕营养指标。选择初始体重均为（100±3）g草鱼约54 000尾,随机分为3组,分别以基础饲料、50 g枯草芽孢杆菌好氧发酵棉粕替换等重基础饲料中普通棉粕、50 g碱性蛋白酶+嗜酸乳杆菌的厌氧发酵棉粕替换等重基础饲料中普通棉粕三种饲料开展为期46 d的饲养试验。结果表明,发酵棉粕的游离棉酚显著低于未发酵棉粕（P<0.05）,粗蛋白和酸溶蛋白含量显著升高（P<0.05）。在不增加饲料成本的前提下,草鱼日粮中发酵棉粕替换相应重量的普通棉粕后均可提高草鱼平均日增重、增重率和特定生长率（P<0.05）,提高了草鱼肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性（P<0.05）,降低脏体比（P<0.05）,但对饲料系数和肝体比影响不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,棉粕经发酵后可提升其营养价值,饲喂发...     

渔用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵工艺优化研究

为了解决渔用枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂有效活菌数低、生产成本高的问题,试验以南美白对虾养殖池底分离的一株枯草芽孢杆菌为供试菌,采用单因素和正交试验L9(33)优化渔用枯草芽孢杆菌低廉高产的培养基配方。结果表明:当添加绵白糖6%、鱼粉4%、磷酸氢二钾0. 10%时,可获得最大的菌体生物量,同时研究确定了枯草芽孢杆菌的最佳发酵条件:pH值为7. 0,接种量为6%,培养温度为37℃,转速为200 r/min,发酵时间为32 h。在优化的配方和发酵条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌生物量OD600值(稀释10倍)为0. 658。说明通过优化条件可发酵出高活菌数的渔用枯草芽孢杆菌。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.