木薯中lncRNA-CRR5在低温胁迫下的功能分析

低温胁迫严重影响木薯的生长、产量以及块根品质。长链非编码RNAs（lncRNAs）作为关键的调节因子,在植物响应非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要的功能。然而,lncRNAs在木薯中的功能和调控机制尚无报道。因此,为了研究木薯lncRNAs在低温胁迫应答中的功能,本研究以木薯主栽品种‘60444’为材料,利用低温处理前后的叶片转录组数据,鉴定到一个受低温胁迫调控的lncRNA（cold-responsive lncRNA5,CRR5）。通过对其序列比对进行同源性分析, RNA二级结构预测和共表达分析鉴定来分析lncRNA-CRR5响应低温胁迫的分子功能。并根据基因的共表达分析推测CRR5的顺式作用和反式作用靶基因。这些结果为更进一步研究CRR5的功能提供了理论依据。     

Development of Rice Leaves: How Histocytes Modulate Leaf Polarity Establishment

An ideal leaf shape is beneficial to the yield of rice. Molecular understanding of the leaf primordia and polarity establishment plays a significant role in exploring the genetic regulatory network of leaf morphogenesis. In recent years, researchers have cloned an array of coding genes and a few non-coding small RNAs involved in rice leaf development through regulating the development of leaf primordia, vascular bundles, sclerenchyma cells, bulliform cells, cell walls and epidermis cells. These genes and their interactions play critical roles in rice leaf development through the determination and regulatory role in gene expression, and their coordination with other genetic networks or signal pathways. But the relationship among these genes is poorly defined and the underlying network is still unclear. In this review, we introduced the regulatory pathways of leaf primordium development and leaf polarity establishment, mainly the relationship between cell development mechanism and leaf polarity establishment, focusing on how leaf tissue affects leaf shape. Hopefully, the regulation network reviewed here has immediate implications for future research and genomic design breeding.     

植物激素及其对水稻植株发育调控的研究进展

随着我国科技力量的飞速发展,科学家们在激素受体基因分离鉴定、激素控制株型以及激素间的相互作用等方面取得了突破性进展,其中生长素(IAA)在协调体内外调节机制中起着不可或缺的作用;细胞分裂素(CTK)可以通过对细胞分裂与分化的调节而参与对水稻生长发育的调控;赤霉素作为植物生长的必需激素之一,调控植物生长发育的各个方面,如:种子萌发,下胚轴的伸长,叶片的生长和水稻开花时间等;脱落酸(ABA)同样也是一种重要的植物激素,受到生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的调控,在水稻对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用;乙烯(ETH)则是一种多功能的植物激素,它在水稻生长发育和应对生物及非生物胁迫过程中起着重要作用。本文着重阐述了近几年植物激素在生理学研究方面的研究进展,提出了我国在植物激素研究领域的未来发展方向与趋势,同时也展望了植物激素研究对水稻重要农业性状改良的意义。     

水稻氧营养的生理、生态机制及环境效应研究进展

 氧是水稻生命活动过程中重要的营养因子。水稻利用通气组织将大气中的氧从地上部分转运到根部,同时也能通过根系从生长介质中吸收一部分氧。良好的氧营养状况下水稻才能正常生长,不仅如此,氧营养还参与了水稻 土壤环境系统的作用过程,具有重要的生态效应。从氧营养的水稻生物学响应和根际生态效应两个方面综述了近年来稻田氧营养相关研究状况,重点总结了目前国内外有关水稻需氧性,氧营养对水稻形态学、解剖学特征的影响,相应的生理、生态机制以及环境效应的研究成果,同时比较了水稻生产上所采用的氧营养调控途径,并对水稻氧营养研究作了展望。     

Dysregulated Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA MINCR and EZH2 in Colorectal Cancer

Background:As critical regulators, lncRNAs have attracted attention from researchers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes in human carcinogenesis via interfering with mRNAs such as EZH2. Nevertheless, the potent roles and molecular mechanisms of these RNAs in CRC are not clearly known. Methods:In this study, the tissue expressions of lncRNA MINCR and EZH2 mRNA between colorectal tumors and polyps were compared with the adjacent normal tissues collected from 114 Iranian patients, using real-time PCR method. Furthermore, the correlation of the expression levels of MINCR and EZH2 with other clinical parameters was evaluated. Results:The significant overexpression of MINCR and EZH2 were observed in the CRC tissues compared to control tissues (p < 0.0001). This observation confirmed the association of these expression enhancements with the pathological stage of CRC patients. Conclusion:Our findings revealed that the expression of MINCR significantly alters during CRC development, and it can be identified as a potential biomarker for the detection of CRC.Key Words: Colorectal cancer, EZH2, Long non-coding RNA     

油菜miRNA研究现状与展望

 MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类在真核生物体内广泛存在,长度为21~24 nt的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过介导靶基因的剪切或翻译抑制,实现转录后基因表达调控,对多种生命活动起重要作用。随着高通量测序技术的发展,植物中miRNA的研究取得重要进展。油菜是重要的油料作物,目前已挖掘出大量油菜miRNAs和靶基因。。本文综述了近年来油菜miRNA参与杂种优势、种子发育、多倍化以及各种逆境胁迫等调控的研究概况,并对miRNA在油菜中的研究进行展望,为今后进一步研究提供参考。     

MicroRNA用于创制抗PRSV番木瓜新种质的展望

微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是真核生物体内调控基因表达的一类非常重要的小分子RNA,在植物逆境适应过程中发挥着重要的作用。总结番木瓜环斑病毒(papaya ring spot virus, PRSV)致病机理研究的最新进展,探讨miRNA在植物抗病毒中的研究进展和应用前景,提出研究番木瓜miRNA参与抗PRSV机制的途径,为开展番木瓜miRNA研究和创制抗PRSV番木瓜新种质提供理论参考。     

水稻WRKY转录调控因子基因功能研究进展

 WRKY转录调控因子的生物学功能涉及植物生长发育、物质代谢、抗病耐逆、氧化衰老等诸多方面。水稻全基因组测序完成后,水稻WRKY转录调控因子基因的功能研究随之逐渐开展,目前已经发现它在植物抗病、耐逆、衰老、糖代谢以及形态建成方面发挥重要作用。随着研究的深入,水稻WRKY基因的编号未能统一,很容易让人混淆,有必要进行校正。结合作者实验室的一些研究结果,对水稻WRKY基因家族的研究现状进行了综述,以期为进一步深入开展WRKY基因家族的研究提供帮助。     

水稻根系泌氧特性及其影响因素

水稻根系泌氧特性对水稻生长发育具有重要作用。综述了水稻根系泌氧原理、水稻根系泌氧对水稻生长发育的影响,及影响水稻根系泌氧能力的因素。介绍了水稻根系通气组织与水稻根系泌氧能力关系的最新研究进展,讨论了水稻根系泌氧研究存在的问题。     

A Review on How Plant Hormones and Environment Factors Are Involved in Rice Root Hair Development

Plant root hairs are important structures on the root surface for absorption of water, inorganic and organic nutrients. The root hairs which are regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, also play important roles when plants are dealing with environmental stress conditions. In this review, we analyzed how stress such as P deficiency, genetic factors and the core regulatory network composed of ABA，ETH, ABA work together during the regulation of rice root hair development. At last, we come up with issues which remains unclear but are critical and could be potential research focus.     

Rice and cold stress: methods for its evaluation and summary of cold tolerance-related quantitative trait loci

Cold stress adversely affects rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and productivity, and has so far determined its geographical distribution. Dissecting cold stress-mediated physiological changes and understanding their genetic causes will facilitate the breeding of rice for cold tolerance. Here, we review recent progress in research on cold stress-mediated physiological traits and metabolites, and indicate their roles in the cold-response network and cold-tolerance evaluation. We also discuss criteria for evaluating cold tolerance and evaluate the scope and shortcomings of each application. Moreover, we summarize research on quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to cold stress at the germination, seedling, and reproductive stages that should provide useful information to accelerate progress in breeding cold-tolerant rice.     

环境胁迫及相关植物激素在水稻根毛发育过程中的作用

根毛作为根系吸收水分和养分的重要结构,其生长发育同时受到外界环境与遗传因子的调控,也在植物应对逆境胁迫时发挥着重要的作用。本文对元素缺乏等环境胁迫、遗传因子及脱落酸、乙烯和生长素为核心的激素调控网络在水稻根毛发育中的作用及相互关系进行了总结,并就目前该研究领域内尚未解决的问题及相关研究提出了展望。     

Ustilaginoidea virens: A Fungus Infects Rice Flower and Threats World Rice Production

Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut.     

胚乳蛋白质对稻米品质影响的研究进展

蛋白质是稻米胚乳中仅次于淀粉的第二大贮藏物质，蛋白质含量、组分、形态以及分布特征对稻米品质均具有重要影响。本文梳理了胚乳蛋白质与稻米外观品质、加工品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质关系的研究进展，并对未来研究方向提出了展望。结果可为进一步解析胚乳蛋白质在稻米品质形成中的作用和稻米品质改良提供参考。     

水稻镉胁迫响应机制及防控措施研究进展

土壤镉污染是日益严重的环境问题之一.水稻是镉吸收能力最强的大宗谷类作物.水稻对镉的积累及向食物链的转移给人类健康带来威胁.近年来在水稻对镉的吸收和积累过程及其影响因素方面的研究取得了一系列重大进展.本文从镉对水稻种子萌发、生长和发育、产量的影响;土壤中镉的活化、木质部装载运输、韧皮部向籽粒转移三个过程的生理与分子机制以...     

Global Information Resources on Rice for Research and Development

Various issues concerning the progress of rice research are related to ambiguous germplasm identification,difficulty in tracing pedigree information,and lack of integration between genetic resources,characterization,breeding,evaluation and utilization data.These issues are the constraints in developing knowledge-intensive crop improvement programs.The rapid growth,development and the global spread of modern information and communication technology allow quick adoption in fundamental research.Thus,there is a need to provide an opportunity for the establishment of services which describe the rice information for better accessibility to information resources used by researchers to enhance the competitiveness.This work reviews some of available resources on rice bioinformatics and their roles in elucidating and propagating biological and genomic information in rice research.These reviews will also enable stakeholders to understand and adopt the change in research and development and share knowledge with the global community of agricultural scientists.The establishment like International Rice Information System,Rice Genome Research Project and Integrated Rice Genome Explorer are major initiatives for the improvement of rice.Creation of databases for comparative studies of rice and other cereals are major steps in further improvement of genetic compositions.This paper will also highlight some of the initiatives and organizations working in the field of rice improvement and explore the availability of the various web resources for the purpose of research and development of rice.We are developing a meta web server for integration of online resources such as databases,web servers and journals in the area of bioinformatics.This integrated platform,with acronym iBIRA,is available online at http://ibiranet.in.The resources reviewed here are the excerpts from the resources integrated in iBIRA.     

The Cornucopia of Small RNAs in Plant Genomes

Regulatory small RNAs (approximately 20 to 24 nt in length) are produced through pathways that involve several key evolutionarily conserved protein families; the variants of these proteins found in plants are encoded by multigene families and are known as Dicer-like, Argonaute, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins. Small RNAs include the well-known classes of microRNAs (miRNAs, ~21 nt) and the small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs, ~24 nt). Both of these types of molecules are found across a broad set of eukaryotic species, although the siRNAs are a much larger and more diverse class in plants due to the abundance of heterochromatic siRNAs. Well-studied species such as Arabidopsis have provided a foundation for understanding in rice and other species how small RNAs function as key regulators of gene expression. In this paper, we review the current understanding of plant small RNA pathways, including the biogenesis and function of miRNAs, siRNAs, trans-acting siRNAs, and heterochromatic siRNAs. We also examine the evolutionary relationship among plant species of both their miRNAs and the key enzymatic components of the small RNA pathways. Many of the most recent advances in describing small RNAs have resulted from advances in sequencing technologies used for identifying and measuring small RNAs, and these technologies are discussed. Combined with the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers, we expect that the continued elucidation of the identity and functions of plant small RNAs will be both exciting and rewarding.