共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Miguel João G. Santos Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Susana Loureiro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):990-999
Purpose
Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of mixtures of chemicals in terrestrial environment. Thus, it seems important to evaluate if the combined application of pesticides currently used in agricultural fields may pose a risk to terrestrial plants. 相似文献2.
Xinzhang Z. Song Huiling L. Zhang Scott X. Chang Hong Jiang Changhui H. Peng Shuquan Q. Yu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(3):307-311
Purpose
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the earth's surface has been increasing due to ozone depletion and can profoundly influence litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The role of UV-B radiation in litter decomposition in humid environments is poorly understood; we thus investigated the effect of UV-B radiation on litter decomposition and nitrogen (N) release in a humid subtropical ecosystem in China. 相似文献3.
Hongbo He Huijie Lü Wei Zhang Songmei Hou Xudong Zhang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(5):731-740
Purpose
Amino acids are highly associated with biogeochemical cycling and represent an important potential source and sink of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystems. Tracing the isotope dynamics of amino acids can improve the understanding of the origin and transformation of amino acids in soil matrix at process-levels; hence, the liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method to evaluate 13C or 15N enrichment in amino acids is necessary to be established. 相似文献4.
João Batista Rossetto Pellegrini Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos Celso Santos Gonçalves André Carlos Cruz Copetti Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi Daniel Tessier 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(3):451-460
Purpose
The transfer of soil sediments and phosphorus from terrestrial to aquatic systems is a common process in agricultural lands. The aims of this paper are to quantify the soil phosphorus availability and to characterize phosphorus forms in soil sediments as contaminant agents of waters as a function of anthropic pressures. 相似文献5.
Janet Andert Ella Wessén Gunnar Börjesson Sara Hallin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(8):1399-1407
Purpose
Boreal peat soils comprise about 3% of the terrestrial environments, and when drained, they become sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Ammonia oxidation can result in N2O emissions, either directly or by fuelling denitrification, but we know little about the ecology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in peat soils. Our aim was to determine temporal alterations in abundance and composition of these communities in a drained and forested peat soil in relation to N2O emissions and ammonia oxidation activity. 相似文献6.
Natalia Borrelli María Fernanda Alvarez Margarita L. Osterrieth Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):983-994
Purpose
Little is known on the silica biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial environments. The aim of this work is to assess phytolith’s role on the biogeochemical cycle of Si in Typical Argiudolls under different vegetation of the Pampean Plain, Argentina. 相似文献7.
Background
Earthworms are considered as an appropriate test system to assess the bioaccumulation potential of substances in the terrestrial environment. For regulatory purposes test methods were developed and incorporated in the validation process. A test design that is particularly suited for testing 14C-labelled substances will be described here. This design was adapted from an established degradation test system for bioaccumulation tests with earthworms in soil. The antibiotic sulfadiazine was used as test substance in this study. Due to the biological activity and the widespread entering into soil by manure application, veterinary medicines have become the target of ecotoxicological risk assessment. A German research group provided the soil samples mixed with liquid pig manure, which contained the 14C-labelled test substance after having passed through the gut of animals. This exposure pathway reflects the real environmental conditions. Therefore, sulfadiazine was tested even though a significant bioaccumulation potential was not expected to be detected owing to its chemical properties. 相似文献8.
Ying Teng Zhihong Xu Yongming Luo Frédérique Reverchon 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(3):411-419
Purpose
Global climate change (GCC), especially global warming, has affected the material cycling (e.g., carbon, nutrients, and organic chemicals) and the energy flows of terrestrial ecosystems. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were regarded as anthropogenic organic carbon (OC) source, and be coupled with the natural carbon (C) and nutrient biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems. The objective of this work was to review the current literature and explore potential coupling processes and mechanisms between POPs and biogeochemical cycles of C and nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems induced by global warming. 相似文献9.
Reducing CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuxue Liu Min Yang Yimin Wu Hailong Wang Yingxu Chen Weixiang Wu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(6):930-939
Purpose
A potential means to diminish increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere is the use of pyrolysis to convert biomass into biochar, which stabilizes the carbon (C) that is then applied to soil. Before biochar can be used on a large scale, especially in agricultural soils, its effects on the soil system need to be assessed. This is especially important in rice paddy soils that release large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. 相似文献10.
Purpose
Although the challenge of linking pedology and hydrology has been identified recently, the microbial diversity in floodplain soils has been studied little in comparison to terrestrial soils. In terrestrial soils, the relationship between soil microbial biomass (SMB) determined by substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) was examined in several studies. Floodplain soils reveal substantially different properties; they are exposed to drastic changes in water regime from flooded to dry conditions. The relation between SMB determined by SIR and PLFA has, up to the present, not been adequately proved in floodplain soils. Thus, this study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between SMB determined with both methods in a set of floodplain soils of eleven study sites from three study areas along the Elbe River (Germany). 相似文献11.
Purpose
Light is a major driver of primary productivity in most ecosystems on Earth. Phototrophic microorganisms harvest light to synthesize organic biomass for sustaining the global energy and carbon flow. However, the bottom-up model of phototrophic microorganisms as primary production and food source for higher trophic levels remains unclear in the terrestrial environment. 相似文献12.
Tida Ge Hongzhao Yuan Paula Roberts Davey L. Jones Hongling Qin Chengli Tong Danfeng Huang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(3):323-333
Purpose
Free amino acids (FAAs) and peptides, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) comprise key pools in terrestrial soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. A comparative study of organic and conventional arable farming systems was conducted in Shanghai, China to determine the influence of management practices on characterization of AA and peptide dynamics. 相似文献13.
Effects of anthropogenic silt on aquatic macroinvertebrates and abiotic variables in streams in the Brazilian Amazon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sheyla Regina Marques Couceiro Neusa Hamada Bruce Rider Forsberg Claudia Padovesi-Fonseca 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(1):89-103
Purpose
While environmental risks associated with petroleum extraction such as oil spills or leaks are relatively well known, little attention has been given to the impacts of silt. The increase in petroleum exploitation in Amazonia has resulted in sediment input to aquatic systems, with impacts on their biodiversity. Here we use a combination of field measurements and statistical analyses to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic silt derived from the construction of roads, borrow pits, and wells during the terrestrial development of gas and oil, on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the Urucu Petroleum Province in the Central Brazilian Amazon. 相似文献14.
Xin-Yi Shen Li-Mei Zhang Ju-Pei Shen Ling-Hao Li Chao-Lei Yuan Ji-Zheng He 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(7):1243-1252
Purpose
Global nitrogen deposition has profound impact on the terrestrial ecosystem including the semiarid temperate grassland, causing vegetation community shifts and soil acidification. Little is known regarding the effect of nitrogen (N) deposition on the belowground microbial communities. This study aimed to examine the response of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to added N in semiarid temperate grassland. 相似文献15.
Marco F. L. Lemos Cornelis A. M. van Gestel Amadeu M. V. M. Soares 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(5):492-500
Background, aim, and scope
In the past decade there has been an increasing awareness about the possible consequences of human and wildlife exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) and vinclozolin (Vz) are EDCs which impacts on vertebrates have been largely investigated. Nevertheless, research on invertebrate effects, especially on soil organisms, are still largely under-represented. This work aims to extend the limited ecotoxicological datasets available and to provide tools to assess the effects of EDCs on the terrestrial species, using Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda) as a model organism. 相似文献16.
Nathalie J. A. Curlevski Zhihong Xu Ian C. Anderson John W. G. Cairney 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(7):1278-1288
Purpose
Commercial monoculture plantations of the native Australian Araucaria cunninghamii are common in subtropical and tropical Queensland and are generally established following clearing of native mixed forest. The consequences of such forest conversion for soil fungal communities, however, have not been assessed in detail. 相似文献17.
Background aim and scope
Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is strongly affected by soil erosion and deposition that differ at slope positions of a watershed. However, studies on the effects of topography on soil aggregation and SOC dynamics, especially after the implementation of vegetation restoration, are rare. Poorly understood mechanisms and a lack of quantification for the suite of ecological benefits brought by the impacts of topography after planting further obstructed our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. The purposes of this study are to (1) quantify the impacts of vegetation restoration on size and stability of soil aggregates and the sequestration of C in soil and (2) to address the impacts of various slope locations on aggregates and SOC distribution. 相似文献18.
Different explanations have been proposed for why terrestrial isopods prefer, and gain from, feeding on microbially inoculated food materials. In the present study, no-choice feeding experiments are used to test three contrasting, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses. (1) The digestion and nutritional utilization of microbial cells enhance the nutritive value of leaf litter; (2) extracellular digestive enzymes of microbial origin promote digestion of leaf litter; (3) leaf litter-colonizing microbiota serve as indicators for easily digestible leaf litter of high nutritive value. Predictions derived from these hypotheses are compared with the results of a study with experimentally manipulated leaf litter, serving as food sources for the common woodlouse Porcellio scaber. Leaf litter-colonizing microbiota increased consumption of leaf litter by isopods and contributed somewhat to biomass gain of isopods, but not to the assimilation of ingested food. Thus, the present results coincide with predictions derived from hypothesis (3) suggesting that leaf litter-colonizing microbiota stimulate consumption by indicating high food quality. Their positive effects on assimilation and growth, however, are context-specific, being stronger in case of high-quality food than in case of low-quality food. 相似文献
19.
Biodegradable plastics more and more replace conventional plastics, because they are considered environmentally friendly. Soil macro-invertebrates have been demonstrated to consume some of these biodegradable plastics, but studies usually do not go beyond notice of consumption and possible short-term ecotoxicological effects on organisms. This study uses the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber as a soil detritivore model and three biodegradable plastics (starch-, cellulose- and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based films) to evaluate both the contribution of isopods to the disintegration of biodegradable plastics and the effects of plastic-feeding on isopod ecology. Consumption rate of starch-based plastic was similar to that of leaf litter (mainly beech) and on average higher than those of the other two plastic types. Digestibility, however, was highest for cellulose-based plastic. HPLC results show that isopods break down starch-based plastic into maltose and glucose, and cellulose-based plastic into cellobiose. No glucose was present in feces of isopods having fed cellulose-based plastic, either for inability of breaking down cellobiose into glucose, or due to a rapid uptake of the glucose by isopods. Growth rates were negative, but not significantly different from zero, for all food sources; cellulose-based plastic caused the highest biomass loss to isopods. Toughness of starch-based plastic diminished over time when litter and/or isopods were present. Cellulose-based plastic increased in toughness over the disintegration experiment, possibly affecting its consumption by isopods. Overall, isopods increased the disintegration rates of starch- and cellulose-based plastics, but no PHB film was consumed, and its disintegration rate was low. We conclude that starch-based plastic is comparable to a natural low-quality food source (e.g., beech litter), and isopods would probably consume starch- and cellulose-based plastics in the field. 相似文献
20.
Temporal dynamics of iron-rich, tropical soil organic carbon pools after land-use change from forest to sugarcane 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wangang Deng Weidong Wu Hailong Wang Wei Luo Mark O. Kimberley 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(2):112-120