苜蓿种子萌发期超弱发光及其与耐盐性关系的研究

对不同品种的苜蓿种子在蒸馏水及不同盐浓度胁迫下萌发时超弱发光进行测定。结果表明,在蒸馏水中它们之间发光值无显著差异;在盐胁迫下各品种发光值均低于蒸馏水中的发光值,品种之间差异明显。超弱发光测定有可能作为苜蓿耐盐性鉴定的指标。     

HPLC法测定益肾乌发口服液中二苯乙烯苷的含量

[目的]建立测定益肾乌发口服液中2,3,5,4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Oβ--D葡-萄糖苷含量的方法。[方法]采用HPLC色谱法对主药何首乌的主要成分2,3,5,4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Oβ--D葡-萄糖苷的含量进行定量分析,色谱柱为岛津VP-ODsc（250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（25∶75）;流速1.2 m l/m in,检测波长为320 nm。[结果]2,3,5,4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Oβ--D葡-萄糖苷在0.487~13.489 mg范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率为99.94%,RSD=1.75%（n=6）。[结论]高效液相色谱法测定益肾乌发口服液中2,3,5,4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Oβ--D葡-萄糖苷的含量方法操作简单、准确、重复性好、精密度高、专属性强,可以作为益肾乌发口服液的质量控制标准。     

吡嗪嘧啶铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及其磷光材料性质

该研究采用4-苯基嘧啶(PPY)作为辅助配体合成了新型的配合物(MDPP)2Ir(Cl)PPY(MDPP为5-甲基-2,3-二苯基吡嗪).紫外-可见吸收光谱显示该配合物在475nm处有三重态的金属到配体的电荷跃迁3MLCT吸收峰;该配合物的光致发光光谱中,在558nm处有相应的3MLCT发射峰.该发射峰较用乙酰丙酮(acac)作为辅助配体得到的配合物(MDPP)2Ir(acac)蓝移了22nm,这说明PPY是一类有潜在应用价值的辅助配体,可以用于金属配合物发光颜色的调节.同时,该文还讨论了天然化合物作为有机配体的可行性.     

不同产地加工方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量的影响

分别采用晒干、烘干法加工处理不同片型、规格的何首乌药材,采用HPLC法测定其中二苯乙烯苷的含量。以考察不同产地加工方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的影响,为优选何首乌的产地加工方法及优化工艺提供依据。结果表明不同片型、规格何首乌二苯乙烯苷的平均含量依次为100℃烘干≈晒干﹥80℃烘干﹥60℃烘干,随着切片厚度的增加,其含量逐渐减少。可见不同产地加工对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的含量有影响,其中片型、规格对其影响不显著,干燥方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的影响显著。     

Crystal structures of an antibody to a peptide and its complex with peptide antigen at 2.8 A

The three-dimensional structures of an antibody to a peptide and its complex with the peptide antigen have been determined at 2.8 A resolution. The antigen is a synthetic 19-amino acid peptide homolog of the C helix of myohemerythrin (Mhr). The unliganded Fab' crystals are orthorhombic with two molecules per asymmetric unit, whereas the complex crystals are hexagonal with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The Fab' and the Fab'-peptide complex structures have been solved independently by molecular replacement methods and have crystallographic R factors of 0.197 and 0.215, respectively, with no water molecules included. The amino-terminal portion of the peptide sequence (NH2-Glu-Val-Val-Pro-His-Lys-Lys) is clearly interpretable in the electron density map of the Fab'-peptide complex and adopts a well-defined type II beta-turn in the concave antigen binding pocket. This same peptide amino acid sequence in native Mhr is alpha-helical. The peptide conformation when bound to the Fab' is inconsistent with binding of the Fab' to native Mhr, and suggests that binding of the Fab' to conformationally altered forms of the native Mhr or to apo-Mhr. Immunological mapping previously identified this sequence as the peptide epitope, and its fine specificity correlates well with the structural analysis. The binding pocket includes a large percentage of hydrophobic residues. The buried surfaces of the peptide and the antibody are complementary in shape and cover 460 A2 and 540 A2, respectively. These two structures now enable a comparison of a specific monoclonal Fab' both in its free and antigen complexed state. While no major changes in the antibody were observed when peptide was bound, there were some small but significant side chain and main chain rearrangements.     

White light sunspot observations from the solar optical universal polarimeter on spacelab-2

The flight of the Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter on Spacelab-2 provided the opportunity for the collection of time sequences of diffraction-limited (0.5 are second) solar images with excellent pointing stability (0.003 are second) and with freedom from the distortion that plagues ground-based images. A series of white-light images of active region 4682 were obtained on 5 August 1985, and the area containing the sunspot has been analyzed. These data have been digitally processed to remove noise and to separate waves from low-velocity material motions. The results include (i) proper motion measurements of a radial outflow in the photospheric granulation pattern just outside the penumbra; (ii) discovery of occasional bright structures ("streakers") that appear to be ejected outward from the penumbra; (iii) broad dark "clouds" moving outward in the penumbra, in addition to the well-known bright penumbral grains moving inward; (iv) apparent extensions and contractions of penumbral filaments over the photosphere; and (v) observation of a faint bubble or looplike structure that seems to expand from two bright penumbral filaments into the photosphere.     

A crystal structure of the complex between human complement receptor 2 and its ligand C3d

The interaction of complement receptor 2 (CR2)--which is present on B cells and follicular dendritic cells--with its antigen-bound ligand C3d results in an enhanced antibody response, thus providing an important link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although a cocrystal structure of a complex between C3d and the ligand-binding domains of CR2 has been published, several aspects of this structure, including the position in C3d of the binding interface, remained controversial because of disagreement with biochemical data. We now report a cocrystal structure of a CR2(SCR1-2):C3d complex at 3.2 angstrom resolution in which the interaction interfaces differ markedly from the previously published structure and are consistent with the biochemical data. It is likely that, in the previous structure, the interaction was influenced by the presence of zinc acetate additive in the crystallization buffer, leading to a nonphysiological complex. Detailed knowledge of the binding interface now at hand gives the potential to exploit the interaction in vaccine design or in therapeutics directed against autoreactive B cells.     

The galilean satellites and jupiter: voyager 2 imaging science results

Voyager 2, during its encounter with the Jupiter system, provided images that both complement and supplement in important ways the Voyager 1 images. While many changes have been observed in Jupiter's visual appearance, few, yet significant, changes have been detected in the principal atmospheric currents. Jupiter's ring system is strongly forward scattering at visual wavelengths and consists of a narrow annulus of highest particle density, within which is a broader region in which the density is lower. On Io, changes are observed in eruptive activity, plume structure, and surface albedo patterns. Europa's surface retains little or no record of intense meteorite bombardment, but does reveal a complex and, as yet, little-understood system of overlapping bright and dark linear features. Ganymede is found to have at least one unit of heavily cratered terrain on a surface that otherwise suggests widespread tectonism. Except for two large ringed basins, Callisto's entire surface is heavily cratered.     

Pressure measurement made by the utilization of ruby sharp-line luminescence

A rapid, convenient technique for precision pressure measurement in the diamond-anvil high-pressure cell, which makes use of the sharp-line (R-line) luminescence of ruby, has been developed. The observed shift is -0.77 +/-0.03 reciprocal centimeters per kilobar for R(1) and -0.84+/- 0.03 reciprocal centimeters per kilobar for R(2) to lower energy and is approximately linear in the range studied (to 22 kilobars). Line-broadening has been observed in some instances and has been tentatively identified with nonhydrostatic conditions surrounding the ruby sample.     

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins: role in RNA splicing

Splicing in vitro of a messenger RNA (mRNA) precursor (pre-mRNA) is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the C proteins (anti-C) of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)-ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles. This antibody, 4F4, inhibits an early step of the reaction: cleavage at the 3' end of the upstream exon and the formation of the intron lariat. In contrast, boiled 4F4, or a different monoclonal antibody (designated 2B12) to the C proteins, or antibodies to other hnRNP proteins (120 and 68 kilodaltons) and nonimmune mouse antibodies have no inhibitory effect. The 4F4 antibody does not prevent the adenosine triphosphate-dependent formation of a 60S splicing complex (spliceosome). Furthermore, the 60S splicing complex contains C proteins, and it can be immunoprecipitated with 4F4. Depletion of C proteins from the splicing extract by immunoadsorption with either of the two monoclonal antibodies to the C proteins (4F4 or 2B12) results in the loss of splicing activity, whereas mock-depletion with nonimmune mouse antibodies bodies has no effect. A 60S splicing complex does not form in a C protein-depleted nuclear extract. These results indicate an essential role for proteins of the hnRNP complex in the splicing of mRNA precursors.     

Synergism between HIV gp120 and gp120-specific antibody in blocking human T cell activation

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds to CD4-positive cells through interaction of its envelope glycoprotein (gp120) with the CD4 molecule. CD4 is a prominent immunoregulatory molecule, and chronic exposure to antibody against CD4 (anti-CD4) has been shown to cause immunodeficiency in mice. T cell-dependent in vitro immune responses can also be inhibited by anti-CD4. Experimental findings reported here indicate that CD4-bound gp120 attracts gp120-specific antibodies derived from the blood of HIV-seropositive individuals to form a trimolecular complex with itself and CD4. Thus targeted to CD4, the gp120-specific antibody functions as an antibody to CD4; it cross-links and modulates the CD4 molecules and suppresses the activation of T cells as measured by mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ca2i+). The synergism between gp120 and anti-gp120 in blocking T cell activation occurs at low concentrations of both components. Neither gp120 nor anti-gp120 inhibits T cell activation by itself in the concentrations tested.     

The human immune response to the OKT3 monoclonal antibody is oligoclonal

The availability of highly specific and homogeneous antibodies to human T cells by the hybridoma technique has elicited new interest in the clinical use of antibodies to lymphocytes as immunosuppressive agents. OKT3 is the murine monoclonal antibody that has been the most widely used in clinical transplantation to induce immunosuppression. This antibody recognizes a membrane molecular complex, exclusively present on mature human T lymphocytes, which is tightly linked to the T-cell antigen receptor. The long-term therapeutic use of murine monoclonal antibodies in vivo is hampered by the intense antibody response that occurs in most human patients. Thus, when administered alone, OKT3 manifests its immunosuppressive activity only during the 10 to 15 days that precede the onset of sensitization. The results presented here show, by use of isoelectrofocusing, that the antibody response to OKT3, already reported to be restricted in its specificity (only anti-isotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies are produced), is in addition oligoclonal. This restriction of the anti-monoclonal response may suggest that an efficient way to circumvent the sensitization problem would be to administer consecutively different monoclonal antibodies presenting the same specificity but distinct idiotypes.     

Three-dimensional structure of an antigen-antibody complex at 2.8 A resolution

The 2.8 A resolution three-dimensional structure of a complex between an antigen (lysozyme) and the Fab fragment from a monoclonal antibody against lysozyme has been determined and refined by x-ray crystallographic techniques. No conformational changes can be observed in the tertiary structure of lysozyme compared with that determined in native crystalline forms. The quaternary structure of Fab is that of an extended conformation. The antibody combining site is a rather flat surface with protuberances and depressions formed by its amino acid side chains. The antigen-antibody interface is tightly packed, with 16 lysozyme and 17 antibody residues making close contacts. The antigen contacting residues belong to two stretches of the lysozyme polypeptide chain: residues 18 to 27 and 116 to 129. All the complementarity-determining regions and two residues outside hypervariable positions of the antibody make contact with the antigen. Most of these contacts (10 residues out of 17) are made by the heavy chain, and in particular by its third complementarity-determining region. Antigen variability and antibody specificity and affinity are discussed on the basis of the determined structure.     

用荧光原位杂交技术检测黑麦染色质

荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence in situ hybridization ,FISH）是一种快速、准确、直接检测和定位外源染色质的新技术。本研究荧光原位杂交用毛地黄毒苷-11-dUTP标记黑麦总DNA作探针,以检测小麦中黑麦染色质。结果如下：八倍体小黑麦（2n=8x=56）有丝分裂中期有14条染色体显示黄色,42条染色体显示红色,红色间期核显示有14个黄色亮点,表明这八倍体小黑麦含14条黑麦染色体。八倍体小黑麦中黄色黑麦染色体显C-带和H-带的末端有绿色的带。这是由于黑麦染色体末端结构异染色质含量高所致。黑麦附加系2R的间期细胞核中有1 ～ 2个黄色亮点。这表明2R含有1至2条黑麦染色体。     

PHOTOSENSITIVITY AS A CAUSE OF FALSELY POSITIVE CEPHALIN-CHOLESTEROL FLOCCULATION TESTS

(1) Flocculation of cephalin-cholesterol emulsions by blood serum is markedly influenced by the amount of light to which the serum-saline-antigen suspensions are exposed. Protection from bright light, natural and artificial, has eliminated many falsely positive reactions. (2) Other factors that appear to influence the cephalin flocculation procedure have been briefly mentioned. Misses Dorothy Feinberg, Arvilla Howley and Mary Lanning contributed helpful technical assistance.     

A fossil record of galaxy encounters

The cosmic infrared background (CIRB) is a record of a large fraction of the emission of light by stars and galaxies over time. The bulk of this emission has been resolved by the Infrared Space Observatory camera. The dominant contributors are bright starburst galaxies with redshift z approximately 0.8; that is, in the same redshift range as the active galactic nuclei responsible for the bulk of the x-ray background. At the longest wavelengths, sources of redshift z >/= 2 tend to dominate the CIRB. It appears that the majority of present-day stars have been formed in dusty starbursts triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions and the buildup of large-scale structures.     

何首乌叶愈伤组织的诱导和二苯乙烯苷含量的检测

[目的]对何首乌叶进行愈伤组织诱导并检测叶愈伤组织中二苯乙烯苷的含量。[方法]在25℃暗箱培养条件下,将何首乌叶在含有浓度为1 mg/L 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）和浓度为0.4 mg/L萘乙酸（NAA）的MS诱导培养基中进行诱导,15 d后把诱导出的愈伤组织转接到相同培养基中培养15 d,共转接3次,并通过HPLC法检测叶愈伤组织中二苯乙烯苷的含量。[结果]诱导出的愈伤组织生长状况良好,并且测得叶愈伤组织中二苯乙烯苷的含量为0.37 mg/g。[结论]由叶诱导出的愈伤组织中含有二苯乙烯苷,该愈伤组织可以用于进一步的生理生化研究。     

北屯垦区色素辣椒引种试验初报

为筛选出适合北屯垦区种植的用于工业提取色素的辣椒品种,对引进的5个板椒和3个线椒品种的生育期、植物学性状、商品性状、抗病性及产量表现等方面进行品比试验。结果表明:美国红品种属自封顶类型,抗病性强,果形美观,色泽深红,产量高(389.0 kg/667 m2);大将品种成熟时果实深红油亮,商品外观好,产量较高(343.6 kg/667 m2);线椒品种红安6号株型紧凑,结果高度集中,产量高(386.6 kg/667 m2)。认为这三个品种可作为北屯垦区主栽辣椒品种并加以推广。     

芪合酶基因的遗传转化及其转基因烟草抗根黑腐病的研究

【目的】利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens,GV3101)介导法获得转芪合酶基因烟草,改良烟草对根黑腐病的抗性。【方法】以普通烟草品种“97204”叶片为受体,采用根癌农杆菌介导法,将芪合酶基因导入烟草基因组并进行分子检测,利用灌根法对4株转芪合酶基因烟草植株接种烟草根黑腐病菌,观察烟草地上部分和根部的变化,并测定苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性。【结果】通过根癌农杆菌介导、抗性选择和分子检测,获得32株转芪合酶基因烟草。从中选取长势一致的4株转基因烟草用于抗病性鉴定,结果表明,2株在灌根接种后生长正常,另外2株在接种第7天时出现轻微黄化,3株根部无发病症状,另外1株在接种16 d后根部出现发黑症状,而对照植株接种后第3天叶片就出现黄化及萎蔫症状,随着接种时间的延长,叶片黄化加剧,到第7天时已出现明显的发病症状,15 d植株几乎死亡;转基因烟草PAL及PPO活性本底均显著高于对照,PAL活性在接种后4～10 d保持在一个较高的水平,10 d后又迅速下降,PPO活性在接种2 d后迅速升高,在接种6 d达到峰值,之后开始缓慢下降,而非转基因烟草PAL、PPO活性与转基因烟草相似,但变化幅度较小。【结论】用于抗性鉴定的4株转芪合酶基因烟草中,有3株对烟草根黑腐病的抗性较好。     

Extreme ultraviolet observations from voyager 1 encounter with saturn

The global hydrogen Lyman alpha, helium (584 angstroms), and molecular hydrogen band emissions from Saturn are qualitatively similar to those of Jupiter, but the Saturn observations emphasize that the H(2) band excitation mechanism is closely related to the solar flux. Auroras occur near 80 degrees latitude, suggesting Earth-like magnetotail activity, quite different from the dominant Io plasma torus mechanism at Jupiter. No ion emissions have been detected from the magnetosphere of Saturn, but the rings have a hydrogen atmosphere; atomic hydrogen is also present in a torus between 8 and 25 Saturn radii. Nitrogen emission excited by particles has been detected in the Titan dayglow and bright limb scans. Enhancement of the nitrogen emission is observed in the region of interaction between Titan's atmosphere and the corotating plasma in Saturn's plasmasphere. No particle-excited emission has been detected from the dark atmosphere of Titan. The absorption profile of the atmosphere determined by the solar occultation experiment, combined with constraints from the dayglow observations and temperature information, indicate that N(2) is the dominant species. A double layer structure has been detected above Titan's limb. One of the layers may be related to visible layers in the images of Titan.